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Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤), literally "admiring toad" or "toad-worship",^[1] is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former president of the People's Republic of China. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed ha, or "toad", because of his amphibious resemblance.^[2] Netizens who moha (worship the toad) call themselves "toad fans" or "toad lovers" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or "moha magicians" (simplified Chinese: 膜法师; traditional Chinese: 膜法師) which is a wordplay of mofashi (魔法师, magician) in Mandarin.

Another nickname for Jiang is "elder" or "senior" (simplified Chinese: 长者; traditional Chinese: 長者), for he once called himself an "elder" or "senior" when he was berating a Hong Kong reporter Sharon Cheung who questioned him.^[3]^[4] A video clip recording this event has been spreading widely on the internet since 2011, especially in 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extract Jiang's quotes from the video and imitate his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture develops, some imitations have taken to carry affection toward him. The quotes for imitation has also evolved to include what he said during his presidency, and in his personal life.

Culture characteristics[edit]

Moha culture is characterized by the imitation of Jiang's words. Toad lovers leave comments online using his wording and tone in response to anything that could evoke the image of him, e.g. news coverage about him, or a photo of someone wearing black-rimmed glasses (which Jiang always wears).

Material[edit]

The materials of moha usually come from three famous videos about Jiang called "Three Pieces About Toad" (Chinese: 蛤三篇). In the first video, Jiang lashed out a Hong Kong reporter Sharon Cheung when he met with Chee-hwa Tung, Chief Executive of Hong Kong at the time. And the second is recorded when Jiang came back to China United Engineering Corporation (Jiang worked at there for some years), and Jiang recalled his experience in the video. The last is that famous interview by Mike Wallace, one of the most famous reporters all over the world. Toad lovers usually extract some sentences from these video for spoof like "too young, too simple, sometimes naive".^[5]

References[edit]

^ "Jiang of Jiang Hall". The Economist. 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2016-12-24. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ AMY QIN (2015-10-21). ""膜蛤文化"盛行中国网络，或为影射习近平" (in Chinese). 纽约时报中文网. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
^ "江澤民90大壽網民膜拜反映不滿時局". 中央社. 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
^ AMY QIN (2015-10-20). "Ridicule Turns to Affection as Chinese Social Media Embraces Jiang Zemin". New York Times. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
^ "长平观察："哈哈"，江泽民形象咸鱼翻身？" (in Simplified Chinese). 德国之声. 2015-10-24. Retrieved 2015-11-10.

[1] "Jiang of Jiang Hall". The Economist. 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2016-12-24. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[Nytimes-2] AMY QIN (2015-10-21). ""膜蛤文化"盛行中国网络，或为影射习近平" (in Chinese). 纽约时报中文网. Retrieved 2015-11-10.

[3] "江澤民90大壽網民膜拜反映不滿時局". 中央社. 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-25.

[4] AMY QIN (2015-10-20). "Ridicule Turns to Affection as Chinese Social Media Embraces Jiang Zemin". New York Times. Retrieved 2016-08-25.

[DW-5] "长平观察："哈哈"，江泽民形象咸鱼翻身？" (in Simplified Chinese). 德国之声. 2015-10-24. Retrieved 2015-11-10.

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Material[edit]

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References[edit]