Jump to content

User:Ichthyovenator/Armenian kings

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kings of Ancient Armenia (401 BC – AD 428)

[edit]

Orontid dynasty (401–200 BC)

[edit]
Portrait Name Reign Succession Life details
Orontes I
Երվանդ
c. 401–344 BC (satrap)
(c. 57 years)
Made satrap of Armenia under the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II. Governed virtually autonomously. [1]
Orontes II
Երվանդ
c. 344–331 BC (satrap)
(c. 13 years)
c. 331 BC (king)[a]
(c. less than a year)
Died fighting on the side of the Achaemenid Empire against Alexander the Great at the Battle of Gaugamela[1]
Mithrenes
Միհրան
c. 331–317 BC
(c. 14 years)
Son of Orontes II, defected to join Alexander the Great and named the new ruler of Armenia by Alexander after his father's death [1]
Neoptolemus
Նեոպտելեմուս
323–321 BC (satrap)
(2 years)
[1]
Orontes III
Երվանդ
c. 317–260 BC
(c. 57 years)
[1]
Sames
Շամուշ
c. 260 BC
(less than a year)
[1]
Arsames
Արշամ
c. 260–228 BC
(c. 32 years)
[1]
Xerxes
Արշամ
c. 228–212 BC
(c. 16 years)
[1]
Orontes IV
Երվանդ
c. 212–200 BC
(c. 12 years)
[1]

Artaxiad dynasty (190–2 BC)

[edit]
Portrait Name Reign Succession Life details
Artaxias I
Արտաշես
c. 190–159 BC
(c. 31 years)
Unclear succession. According to Strabo, Artaxias I was a general under the Seleucid king Antiochus III who seized power in Armenia, but according to Artaxias's own inscriptions he appears to have been part of a junior line of the Orontid dynasty. [1][2]
Artavasdes I
Արտավազդ
Tigranes I
Տիգրան
XX – XX
(aged XX)
xxx
Tigranes II "the Great"
Տիգրան
Artavasdes II
Արտավազդ
Artaxias II
Արտաշես
Tigranes III
Տիգրան
Tigranes IV
Տիգրան
Erato
Էրատո
(first reign)
Artavasdes III
Արտավազդ

Roman and Parthian candidates (2 BC – AD 61)

[edit]
Portrait Name Reign Succession Life details
Ariobarzanes
Արիոբարզանես
Artavasdes IV
Արտավազդ
Tigranes V
Տիգրան
Erato
Էրատո
(second reign)
Vonones
Վոնոն
Artaxias III
Արտաշես
Arshak I
Արշակ
Mithridates
Միհրդատ
(first reign)
Orodes
Որոդես
Mithridates
Միհրդատ
(second reign)
Rhadamistus
Հռադամիզդ
(first reign)
Tiridates I
Տրդատ
(first reign)
Rhadamistus
Հռադամիզդ
(second reign)
Tiridates I
Տրդատ
(second reign)
Tigranes VI
Տիգրան

Arsacid dynasty (62–428)

[edit]
Portrait Name Reign Succession Life details
Tiridates I
Տրդատ
(third reign)
Sanatruk
Սանատրուկ
Axidares
Աշխադար
Parthamasiris
Պարթամասիր
Vologases I
Վաղարշ
Sohaemus
Սոհեմոս
(first reign)
Pacorus
Բակուր
Sohaemus
Սոհեմոս
(second reign)
Vologases II
Վաղարշ
Khosrov I
Խոսրով
Tiridates II
Տրդատ
Khosrov II
Խոսրով
Hormizd
Որմիզդ
Narseh
Հվարմիզդակ
Tiridates III "the Great"
Տրդատ
Khosrov III "the Small"
Խոսրով
Tigranes VII
Տիգրան
Arshak II
Արշակ
Pap
Պապ
Varazdat
Վարազդատ
Arshak III
Արշակ
Vologases III
Վաղարշ
Khosrov IV
Խոսրով
Vramshapuh
Վռամշապուհ
Shapur
Շապուհ
Artaxias IV
Արտաշես

Presiding Princes of Armenia (428–884)

[edit]

Kings of Medieval Armenia (884–1375)

[edit]

Bagratid dynasty (884–1045)

[edit]

Kiurikian dynasty ()

[edit]

Rubenian dynasty (1198–1252, in Cilicia)

[edit]

Hethumid dynasty (1226–1341, in Cilicia)

[edit]

Lusignan and Neghir dynasties (1341–1375, in Cilicia)

[edit]

Titular kings of Armenia (1375–1946)

[edit]

Lusignan claimants (1375–1474)

[edit]
Name Claim Succession
Leo V 1375–1393 Last ruling Armenian monarch
James I of Cyprus (James I)[b] 1393–1398 Distant cousin of Leo V[c]
Janus of Cyprus (Janus) 1398–1432 Son of James I
John II of Cyprus (John) 1432–1458 Son of Janus
Charlotte of Cyprus (Charlotte) 1458–1464/1485[d] Daughter of John II
James II of Cyprus (James II) 1464–1473 Son of John II
James III of Cyprus (James III) 1473–1474 Son of James II

Cornaro claimant (1474–1489)

[edit]
Name Claim Succession
Catherine Cornaro (Catherine) 1474–1489 Widow of James II, mother of James III

Savoyard claimants (1485–1946)

[edit]

In 1489, Catherine sold her claim to Armenia, as well as her other claims and titles, to the Republic of Venice. Although Venice at times advanced a shadowy claim to Armenia or Cilicia, deriving from this sale, the rightful heirs of the Lusignan kings of Cilician Armenia are otherwise regarded to be the House of Savoy,[5] owing to Charlotte (r.1458–1464) in February 1485 ceding her claims to her cousin's son Charles I, Duke of Savoy.[4] The dukes of Savoy formally styled themselves as "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" for centuries. The style is for instance attested under Charles Emmanuel I in the 17th century .[6] The heads of the House of Savoy continued to claim the title even after they became kings in their own right in 1720 as kings of Sardinia. The full style of the king of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II (r.1849–1878) included "King of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem, Armenia"[7] and the title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" was maintained even after they became kings of Italy, as it was among the titles claimed by Victor Emmanuel III (r.1900–1946).[8]

Name Claim Succession
Charles I, Duke of Savoy (Charles I) 1485–1490 Son of a cousin of Charlotte and her designated heir
Charles II, Duke of Savoy (Charles II) 1490–1496 Son of Charles I
Philip II, Duke of Savoy (Philip) 1496–1497 Uncle of Charles I
Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (Philibert) 1497–1504 Son of Philip II
Charles III, Duke of Savoy (Charles III) 1504–1553 Son of Philip II
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (Emmanuel) 1553–1580 Son of Charles III
Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (Charles IV) 1580–1630 Son of Emmanuel Philibert
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (Victor I) 1630–1637 Son of Charles Emmanuel I
Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (Francis) 1637–1638 Son of Victor Amadeus I
Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (Charles V) 1638–1675 Son of Victor Amadeus I
Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (Victor II) 1675–1730 Son of Charles Emmanuel II
Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (Charles VI) 1730–1773 Son of Victor Amadeus II
Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (Victor III) 1773–1796 Son of Charles Emmanuel III
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (Charles VII) 1796–1802 Son of Victor Amadeus III
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (Victor IV) 1802–1821 Son of Victor Amadeus III
Charles Felix of Sardinia (Charles VIII) 1821–1831 Son of Victor Amadeus III
Charles Albert of Sardinia (Charles IX) 1831–1849 Great-great-grandson of Victor Amadeus I
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (Victor V) 1849–1878 Son of Charles Albert
Umberto I of Italy (Humbert I) 1878–1900 Son of Victor Emmanuel II
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (Victor VI) 1900–1946 Son of Umberto I
Umberto II of Italy (Humbert II) 1946 Son of Victor Emmanuel III

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ It is not fully certain when Armenian rulers began to style themselves as kings in their own right. This list follows Toumanoff (1963) and Lang (2021) in considering Orontes II to be the first "king".[1]
  2. ^ From James's inheritance of the title in 1393 to the end of the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, the rulers of Cyprus used the title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".[3]
  3. ^ Both James I and Leo V were great-grandsons of Hugh III of Cyprus.
  4. ^ Charlotte was deposed as queen of Cyprus in 1464, but she maintained her claims to both Cyprus and Armenia, and her other titles, until 1485.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lang 2021, p. Chapter V.
  2. ^ Garsoian 2004.
  3. ^ Ghazarian 2000, The seeds of Lusignan rule in Cilicia.
  4. ^ a b Hill 1948, p. 612.
  5. ^ Fortescue 1913, p. 390.
  6. ^ Mauvillon 1742, p. 1.
  7. ^ Davies 2011, Sabaudia.
  8. ^ Arielli 2010, p. 173.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Arielli, Nir (2010). Fascist Italy and the Middle East, 1933–1940. London: Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-1349312047.
  • Davies, Norman (2011). Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0141048864.
  • Fortescue, Adrian (1913). The Lesser Eastern Churches. London: Catholic Truth Society. OCLC 992420.
  • Garsoian, Nina (2004). "Armeno-Iranian Relations in the pre-Islamic period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
  • Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins 1080–1393. Oxford: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1418-9.
  • Hill, George (1948). A History of Cyprus. Vol. The Frankish Period, 1432–1571. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 468917323.
  • Lang, David Marshall (2021) [1970]. Armenia: Cradle of Civilization. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-04-956007-7.
  • Mauvillon, Eleazar (1742). The History of Francis-Eugene, Prince of Savoy. London: James Hodges.