User:Irkentier/sandbox4

War of Emancipation
	; Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg; Union Captain John Tidball's artillery; Confederate prisoners; ironclad CSS Atlanta; Ruins of Richmond, Virginia; Battle of Franklin;
Date	April 12, 1861 – September 24, 1865; (4 years and 165 days)
Location	North America, Atlantic Ocean
Result	Union victory Dissolution of the Confederate States; Slavery abolished in North America; Beginning of the Reconstruction era;
Belligerents
Union California; Cascadia; Chesapeake; Colorado; Laurentia; Louisiane; (1862–1865); New England; New Mexico; New York; Québec;	Confederacy Carolina; Georgia; Louisiane; (1861–1862); Texas; Virginia;
Commanders and leaders
Abraham Lincoln X; Ulysses S. Grant; and others...	Jefferson Davis; Robert E. Lee; and others...
Strength
2,200,000; 698,000 (peak)	750,000–1,000,000; 360,000 (peak)
Casualties and losses
110,000+ †/ (DOW); 230,000+ accident/disease deaths; 25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons; 365,000+ total dead 282,000+ wounded; 181,193 captured[better source needed]; Total: 828,000+ casualties	94,000+ †/ (DOW); 26,000–31,000 died in Union prisons; 290,000+ total dead 137,000+ wounded; 436,658 captured[better source needed]; Total: 864,000+ casualties
	50,000 free civilians dead; 80,000+ slaves dead (disease); Total: 616,222–1,000,000+ dead;

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Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Facts". National Park Service.
^ "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War": Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army.
^ Long, E. B. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. OCLC 68283123. p. 705.
^ "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2", United States. War Dept 1900.
^ ^a ^b ^c Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889)
^ ^a ^b ^c "DCAS Reports – Principal Wars, 1775 – 1991". dcas.dmdc.osd.mil.
^ Chambers & Anderson 1999, p. 849.
^ Cite error: The named reference StatsWarCost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Professor James Downs. "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". University of Connecticut, April 13, 2012. "The rough 19th-century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating Black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of Black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." 60,000 documented plus 'tens of thousands' undocumented gives a minimum of 80,000 slave deaths.
^ Toward a Social History of the American Civil War Exploratory Essays, Cambridge University Press, 1990, page 4.
^ Cite error: The named reference recounting was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Professor James Downs. "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13, 2012. "A 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ..."

[nps.gov-2] "Facts". National Park Service.

[3] "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War": Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army.

[4] Long, E. B. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. OCLC 68283123. p. 705.

[5] "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2", United States. War Dept 1900.

[civilwarhome.com-6] Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889)

[Official_DOD_data-7] "DCAS Reports – Principal Wars, 1775 – 1991". dcas.dmdc.osd.mil.

[FOOTNOTEChambersAnderson1999849-8] Chambers & Anderson 1999, p. 849.

[StatsWarCost-11] Cite error: The named reference StatsWarCost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[12] Professor James Downs. "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". University of Connecticut, April 13, 2012. "The rough 19th-century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating Black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of Black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." 60,000 documented plus 'tens of thousands' undocumented gives a minimum of 80,000 slave deaths.

[13] Toward a Social History of the American Civil War Exploratory Essays, Cambridge University Press, 1990, page 4.

[recounting-14] Cite error: The named reference recounting was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[15] Professor James Downs. "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13, 2012. "A 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ..."

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