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User:IvanScrooge98/sandbox/Lombard orthography

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Sounds in parentheses are relatively restricted local realizations, while those in square brackets are allophones occurring in all dialects.

Vowels
Stressed Unstressed
IPA values Proposal IPA values Proposal
a a a [à][1] a a a
ɑː a [à][1]
aa + ∅[2]
ɑː () o a + l + cons. [à][1] a (u) o a + l + cons.
ɛ

e [è][1]

e (a) e [ə][1]
e (i)[3] e
e e [é][1]
ee + ∅ [ée][1][2]
ɛ e [ê][1]
i e [ē][1] e (i) i e [ē][1]
i e e
e [ē][1]
ee + ∅ [ēe][1][2]
i
i i i [ì][1] i i
i [ì][1]
ii + ∅[2]
ɔ ò[1] u o/u (ø/y)[3] o
ɔ (ø/u) o o [ô][1]
u o [ō][1]
o [ō][1]
oo + ∅ [ōo][1][2]
u u o [ó][1] u (ø/y)[3]
o [ó][1]
oo + ∅ [óo][1][2]
œ ø ö[1] ø ö[1]
øː ö[1]
öö + ∅[1][2]
y
ö [ȫ][1]
y
ö [ȫ][1]
öö + ∅ [ȫö][1][2]
y y u [ù][1] y u
y (i) u [ù][1]
uu + ∅[2]
y (u)[3]
Consonants
IPA values Proposal
b [p] b [bb][2]
c + e/i/∅ [cc][2]
ci + a/o/u [cci][2]
s ç
k c [cc][2]
ch + e/i/∅ [cch][2]
d [t] d [dd][2]
∅/j/t [j] dj[2]
f f [ff][2]
[tʃ] g + e/i/∅ [gg][2]
gi + a/o/u [ggi][2]
ɡ [k] g [gg][2]
gh + e/i/∅ [ggh][2]
j j [tʃ] consonant + i
vowel + j
l l l [ll][2]
l (r) [∅] vowel + l + vowel/∅
ʎ/j lj[2]
m m [mm][2]
n n [nn][2]
̃ m
n [ŋ] [ɱ]
vowel + m + b/p
vowel + n + other consonant/∅
ɲ nj[2]
p p [pp][2]
q + u
/k k q
r r [rr][2]
s s
vowel + ss + vowel/∅[2]
z [s] s
stʃ sc + e/i/∅[2]
sci + a/o/u[2]
zdʒ [stʃ] sg + e/i/∅[2]
sgi + a/o/u[2]
ʃ s sj[2]
t t [tt][2]
t [j] tj[2]
w u
ʋ [f] v [vv][2]
z x
ts/s s z [zz][2][4]
dz/z [ts] [s] z [s]
ʒ/ [ʃ] zj[2]

Special cases

[edit]
  • Articles are always spelled as illustrated below, no matter how they are pronounced.
  • The suffix inherited from latin -arius is spelled -är.
  • The emphatic negative particle is always spelled miga, no matter how they are pronounced.
  • The masculine plural takes -j if there are variants where it sounds different from the singular, the feminine one always -e.
  • Etymological e is retained in orthography when it is not absent in all dialects; conversely, if the letter is a phonological addition not occurring everywhere, it is not indicated (e.g. envêrn, not envêren).
  • Etymological h is only ever retained in the forms of verb "to have", except the infinitive and the past participle.
  • An apostrophe may be used, though it is never mandatory, to suggest everyday-speech elision of a vowel.

Articles

[edit]
Definite articles
Number
Gender
Singular Plural
Masculine œl[5] i
Feminine la[5] li
Indefinite articles
Number
Gender
Singular Plural
Masculine un di
Feminine una de li

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae The only mandatory modified vowels are ö, ò and word-final short stressed vowels.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Double letters are used to indicate a word-final long vowel or a consonant preceded by a stressed short vowel. Double graphic consonants after unstressed vowels are only used when stress may move on them (e.g. ciappà [tʃaˈpa] but ciappe [ˈtʃapi]). Digraphs and trigraphs (except for ⟨dj⟩ where silent, ⟨zj⟩, ⟨ch⟩ and ⟨gh⟩) count as double.
  3. ^ a b c d Eastern vowel harmony is in not represented orthographically.
  4. ^ Voiced ⟨z⟩ may be spelled ż [żż] when necessary.
  5. ^ a b Elided to l’ before a vowel.