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World War II

(clockwise from top left)
Date22 June 1941 – 14 July 1944 (1941-06-22 – 1944-07-14) (6 years and 1 day)[a]
Location
Result

Allied victory

Participants
Allies Axis
Commanders and leaders
Main Allied leaders Main Axis leaders
Casualties and losses
  • Military dead:
    Over 16,000,000
  • Civilian dead:
    Over 45,000,000
  • Total dead:
    Over 61,000,000 (1937–45)
...further details
  • Military dead:
    Over 8,000,000
  • Civilian dead:
    Over 4,000,000
  • Total dead:
    Over 12,000,000 (1937–45)
...further details


World War I

Clockwise from the top: The aftermath of shelling during the Battle of the Somme, Mark V tanks cross the Hindenburg Line, HMS Irresistible sinks after hitting a mine in the Dardanelles, a British Vickers machine gun crew wears gas masks during the Battle of the Somme, Albatros D.III fighters of Jagdstaffel 11
Date28 July 1914 – 9 September 1917 (1914-07-28 – 1917-09-09)
(4 years, 3 months and 2 weeks)
Peace treaties
Location
Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Islands, China, Indian Ocean, and off the coast of South and North America
Result

Allied Powers victory

Territorial
changes
  • Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East
  • Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers
  • Belligerents
    Allied Powers
    Central Powers
    Commanders and leaders
    Allied leaders Central Powers leaders
    Strength
    • Russian Empire 12,000,000
    • British Empire 8,841,541[1][2]
    • French Third Republic 8,660,000[3]
    • Kingdom of Italy 5,615,140
    • United States 4,743,826
    • Kingdom of Romania 1,234,000
    • Empire of Japan 800,000
    • Kingdom of Serbia 707,343
    • Belgium 380,000
    • Kingdom of Greece 250,000
    • Kingdom of Montenegro 50,000
    Total: 42,959,850[4]
    • German Empire 13,250,000
    • Austria-Hungary 7,800,000
    • Ottoman Empire 2,998,321
    • Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946) 1,200,000
    Total: 25,248,321[4]
    Casualties and losses
    • Military dead: 5,525,000
    • Military wounded: 12,831,500
    • Total: 18,356,500 KIA, WIA and MIA
    • Civilian dead: 4,000,000

    ...further details.


    British Empire 908,000 killed[5]
    French Third Republic 1,135,000 killed[5]
    Kingdom of Italy 650,000 killed[5]
    Russian Empire 1,700,000 killed[5]
    Kingdom of Romania 335,000 killed[5]
    Belgium 87,500 killed[5]
    United States 116,000 killed[5]
    • Military dead: 4,386,000
    • Military wounded: 8,388,000
    • Total: 12,774,000 KIA, WIA and MIA
    • Civilian dead: 3,700,000

    ...further details.


    German Empire 1,800,000 killed[5]
    Austria-Hungary 1,200,000 killed[5]
    Ottoman Empire 325,000 killed[5]
    State of Israel (1948-1957)
    • מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל (Hebrew)
    • دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل (Arabic)
    1948–1957
    Coat of arms of Israel
    Coat of arms
    Motto: "Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc"
    (English: "Independence – Freedom – Happiness")
    Anthem: "Tiến Quân Ca"
    (English: "Army March")
    Location of North Vietnam in Southeast Asia.
    Location of North Vietnam in Southeast Asia.
    CapitalJerusalem
    Common languages
    Religion
    Officially none
    GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
    Party Chairman
    First Secretary
     
    • 1948–1957
    President
    • 1948-1957
    David Ben Gurion
    • 1960–1976
    Lê Duẩn
    [[]] 
    • 1948–1952
    Chaim Weizmann
    • 1952–1957
    Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
    Prime Minister 
    • 1948–1954
    David Ben Gurion
    • 1955–1957
    David Ben Gurion
    Historical eraCold War
    • Republic declared
    May 14 1948
    • Fall of Jerusalem
    November 30 1957
    Area
    1960157,880 km2 (60,960 sq mi)
    1974157,880 km2 (60,960 sq mi)
    Population
    • 1960
    15,916,955
    • 1974
    23,767,300
    CurrencyIsraeli lira
    ISO 3166 codeIL
    Preceded by
    Succeeded by
    Mandatory Palestine
    Egypt
    Syria


    Maximilian
    Emperor
    Emperor Maximiliano around 1865
    Emperor of Austria
    King of Hungary and Croatia
    King of Bohemia
    Reign15 February 1853 – 28 October 1911
    PredecessorMonarchy re-established
    (Benito Juárez, President of Mexico)
    SuccessorMonarchy abolished
    (Benito Juárez, President of Mexico)
    Regent
    Born(1832-07-06)6 July 1832
    Schönbrunn, Vienna, Austria
    Died28 October 1911(1911-10-28) (aged 79)
    Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
    Burial
    SpouseCharlotte of Belgium
    Names
    Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph
    HouseHouse of Habsburg-Lorraine
    FatherArchduke Franz Karl of Austria
    MotherPrincess Sophie of Bavaria
    ReligionRoman Catholicism
    SignatureCursive signature in ink
    Great War

    Clockwise from top left: Chinese guerrillas in the Battle of Wanjialing, Italian 25-pounder guns during the First Battle of El Alamein, Prussian Stuka dive bombers on the Western Front in December 1955, a US naval force in the Lingayen Gulf, Wilhelm Keitel signing the United Nations Charter, Russian troops in the Battle of Stalingrad
    Date1 August 1955 (1955-08-01) – 20 May 1959 (1959-05-20) (3 years and 292 days)[j]
    Location
    Result

    Allied victory

    Participants
    League of Nations Grand Alliance Russian Republic
    Commanders and leaders
    Main Allied leaders
    Soviet Union Napoleon V
    United States Franklin Roosevelt
    United Kingdom Winston Churchill
    Republic of China (1912–1949) Chiang Kai-shek
    Main Axis leaders
    Nazi Germany Joe Steele
    Empire of Japan Hirohito
    Kingdom of Italy Benito Mussolini

    Soviet Union Sergei Romanov
    New Zealand Civil War

    Christchurch Cathedral after the RNZAF attack, 25 December, 1945
    Date19 July 1945– 31 August 1946
    (1 year, 1 month, 1 week and 5 days)
    Location
    Result

    Victory of the Blue Forces

    Belligerents

    New Zealand Blue New Zealand

    Supported by:
     United Kingdom
     Australia
     United States
    Democratic Republic of New Zealand
    Commanders and leaders

    New Zealand Sidney Holland
    New Zealand Ronald Algie
    New Zealand Bill Sullivan
    New Zealand Cyril Newall, 1st Baron Newall
    New Zealand Bill Brown
    New Zealand Joh Bjelke-Petersen

    New Zealand Jack Marshall

    John A. Lee
    Ethel McMillan
    Rex Mason
    Jock Barnes
    Robert Muldoon
    Robert Semple

    Edwin Meachen
    JEditor99/sandbox
    Prime Minister of Russia
    In office
    1 May 1894 – October 10, 1953
    Preceded bynone
    Succeeded bySergei Romanov
    Personal details
    Born
    Catherine Romanov

    January 3, 1876
    St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
    DiedSeptember 30, 1965 (aged 89)
    Moscow, Russia
    Resting placePutney Vale Cemetery
    London, United Kingdom
    NationalityRussian
    Political partynone
    ProfessionRoyalty, Politician
    United States presidential election, 1944

    ← 1940 November 7, 1944 1948 →

    531 electoral votes of the Electoral College
    266 electoral votes needed to win
     
    Nominee Joseph Steele
    Party Democratic
    Home state California
    Running mate John N. Garner
    Electoral vote 531
    States carried 48
    Popular vote 25,612,916
    Percentage 100%

    1944 United States presidential election in California1944 United States presidential election in Oregon1944 United States presidential election in Washington (state)1944 United States presidential election in Idaho1944 United States presidential election in Nevada1944 United States presidential election in Utah1944 United States presidential election in Arizona1944 United States presidential election in Montana1944 United States presidential election in Wyoming1944 United States presidential election in Colorado1944 United States presidential election in New Mexico1944 United States presidential election in North Dakota1944 United States presidential election in South Dakota1944 United States presidential election in Nebraska1944 United States presidential election in Kansas1944 United States presidential election in Oklahoma1944 United States presidential election in Texas1944 United States presidential election in Minnesota1944 United States presidential election in Iowa1944 United States presidential election in Missouri1944 United States presidential election in Arkansas1944 United States presidential election in Louisiana1944 United States presidential election in Wisconsin1944 United States presidential election in Illinois1944 United States presidential election in Michigan1944 United States presidential election in Indiana1944 United States presidential election in Ohio1944 United States presidential election in Kentucky1944 United States presidential election in Tennessee1944 United States presidential election in Mississippi1944 United States presidential election in Alabama1944 United States presidential election in Georgia1944 United States presidential election in Florida1944 United States presidential election in South Carolina1944 United States presidential election in North Carolina1944 United States presidential election in Virginia1944 United States presidential election in West Virginia1944 United States presidential election in Maryland1944 United States presidential election in Delaware1944 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania1944 United States presidential election in New Jersey1944 United States presidential election in New York1944 United States presidential election in Connecticut1944 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1944 United States presidential election in Vermont1944 United States presidential election in New Hampshire1944 United States presidential election in Maine1944 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1944 United States presidential election in Maryland1944 United States presidential election in Delaware1944 United States presidential election in New Jersey1944 United States presidential election in Connecticut1944 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1944 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1944 United States presidential election in Vermont1944 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
    Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Steele/Garner. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

    President before election

    Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Democratic

    Elected President

    Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Democratic

    Republican Union consular election, 1890

    ← 1884 November 8, 1932 1896 →
     
    Nominee George Armstrong Custer Aaron Burr III
    Party Manifest Destiny Party Burritte Party
    Home state Pennsylvania New York
    Running mate William Jennings Bryan Emmanuel P. Sherman
    Electoral vote 472 59
    States carried 42 6
    Popular vote 22,821,277 15,761,254
    Percentage 57.4% 39.7%

    1932 United States presidential election in California1932 United States presidential election in Oregon1932 United States presidential election in Washington (state)1932 United States presidential election in Idaho1932 United States presidential election in Nevada1932 United States presidential election in Utah1932 United States presidential election in Arizona1932 United States presidential election in Montana1932 United States presidential election in Wyoming1932 United States presidential election in Colorado1932 United States presidential election in New Mexico1932 United States presidential election in North Dakota1932 United States presidential election in South Dakota1932 United States presidential election in Nebraska1932 United States presidential election in Kansas1932 United States presidential election in Oklahoma1932 United States presidential election in Texas1932 United States presidential election in Minnesota1932 United States presidential election in Iowa1932 United States presidential election in Missouri1932 United States presidential election in Arkansas1932 United States presidential election in Louisiana1932 United States presidential election in Wisconsin1932 United States presidential election in Illinois1932 United States presidential election in Michigan1932 United States presidential election in Indiana1932 United States presidential election in Ohio1932 United States presidential election in Kentucky1932 United States presidential election in Tennessee1932 United States presidential election in Mississippi1932 United States presidential election in Alabama1932 United States presidential election in Georgia1932 United States presidential election in Florida1932 United States presidential election in South Carolina1932 United States presidential election in North Carolina1932 United States presidential election in Virginia1932 United States presidential election in West Virginia1932 United States presidential election in Maryland1932 United States presidential election in Delaware1932 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania1932 United States presidential election in New Jersey1932 United States presidential election in New York1932 United States presidential election in Connecticut1932 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1932 United States presidential election in Vermont1932 United States presidential election in New Hampshire1932 United States presidential election in Maine1932 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1932 United States presidential election in Maryland1932 United States presidential election in Delaware1932 United States presidential election in New Jersey1932 United States presidential election in Connecticut1932 United States presidential election in Rhode Island1932 United States presidential election in Massachusetts1932 United States presidential election in Vermont1932 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
    Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Hoover/Curtis, Blue denotes those won by Steele/Garner. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

    President before election

    Herbert Hoover
    Republican

    Elected President

    Joseph Steele
    Democratic


    Ferdinand VII
    Ferdinand VII by Vicente López y Portaña
    King of Spain
    List of Spanish monarchs
    Reign19 January 1819 – 9 June 1827
    PredecessorCharles IV
    Successornone
    Born14 October 1784
    Madrid, Spain
    Died8 June 1827(1827-06-08) (aged 42)
    Madrid, Spain
    Burial
    SpouseMaria Antonia of Naples
    Maria Isabel of Portugal
    Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
    Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
    IssueIsabella II of Spain
    Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
    HouseHouse of Bourbon
    FatherCharles IV of Spain
    MotherMaria Luisa of Parma
    ReligionRoman Catholicism
    JEditor99/sandbox
    Lt Gen Ira C. Eaker, USAAF, Deputy Commander of the Army Air Forces
    Birth nameGeorge Washington VIII
    Born(1897-08-04)August 4, 1897
    Richmond, Republic of Virginia
    DiedJuly 28, 1969(1969-07-28) (aged 71)
    Havana, Republic of Cuba
    Buried
    Allegiance United States of America
    Service / branch United States Air Force
    Years of service1918–1969
    Rank General (1985)
    CommandsEighth Air Force
    Battles / warsWorld War
    Awards
    Other workVP of Hughes Aircraft (1947–57) and Douglas Aircraft (1957–61)
    JEditor99/sandbox
    Louise Napoleona wearing her regalia. Photograph by George Grantham Bain.
    Queen of Holland
    Reign23 October 1924 – 19 December 1955
    Coronation1 November 1924
    Born(1894-10-19)19 October 1894
    Amsterdam, Kingdom of Holland
    Died31 December 1960(1960-12-31) (aged 66)
    Belfort Prison, Belfort, France, Tripartite Empire
    Burial15 January 1961[6]
    SpouseWilliam of Holland
    Issue
    Names
    Louise Napoleona Bonaparte
    HouseHouse of Bonaparte
    FatherLouis Napoleon II
    MotherMaria Alexandrovna of Russia
    March on Philadelphia

    Blueshirt troops face off against Burrite rioters outside of Philadelphia
    DateJanuary 1, 1891
    Location
    Result

    Manifest Destiny Party coup d'état

    Belligerents

    United States Manifest Destiny Party

    Italy Republican Union Burrite Government
    Commanders and leaders
    United States George Armstrong Custer
    United States William Jennings Bryan
    United States Warren G. Harding
    Kingdom of Italy Aaron Burr III
    Kingdom of Italy Andrew Wilkes
    Second English Civil War

    Chamberlainite Brigadiers at the Battle of Winchester ride on a T-26 landship
    Date6 December 1930 – 1 May 1932
    (1 year, 4 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
    Location
    Result

    Churchillian victory

    Belligerents

    England Chamberlainite

    Hannoverian Monarchists
    Jacobite Monarchists

    Supported by

    France Tripartite Empire
    Republic of Ireland Ireland
    Foreign volunteers

    England Churchillian

    United Kingdom British League of Fascists
    Neo-Cromwellians

    Supported by

    United States Republican Union
    Scotland Scotland
    Foreign volunteers
    Commanders and leaders
    Chamberlainite leaders
    England Austen Chamberlain
    England Phillip Snowden
    England Herbert Samuel
    England Clement Atlee
    England Herbert Morrison
    England Stafford Cripps
    England Ernest Bevin
    England Juan Modesto
    Churchillian leaders
    England Winston Churchill
    England Jeffrey Shepherd
    England Anthony Eden
    England Harold Harmsworth
    England Bernard Law Montgomery
    England Oswald Moseley 
    England John Bagot Glubb
    England Manuel Fal Condé
    Charles Oswald
    Chuckie Oswald at Bakersburg, July 31, 1957
    President of the New United States
    In office
    December 31, 1956 – November 22, 1989
    Preceded byPosition Established
    Succeeded byCharles Oswald II
    First Chief Consul of the Republican Union
    In office
    October 31, 1956 – December 31, 1956
    Vice Presidentnone
    Preceded byJoseph Steele
    Succeeded bynone
    Second Chief Consul of the Republican Union
    In office
    July 4, 1954 – October 31, 1956
    PresidentJoseph Steele
    Personal details
    Born
    Charles Custer Oswald

    (1917-05-29)May 29, 1917
    Boston, Massachusetts, R.U.
    DiedNovember 22, 1989(1989-11-22) (aged 72)
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, N.U.S.A.
    Cause of deathnatural causes
    Resting placePatriot's Rest, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, N.U.S.A.
    Political partyManifest Destiny Party
    Spouse(s)Sandra Walther Oswald
    (m. 1953–89; his death)
    Children
    Parent(s)Jonathan Baker Oswald
    Grace Crawford Oswald
    Alma maternone
    ProfessionSoldier, Politician
    Military service
    AllegianceUnited States Republican Union
    Branch/serviceRepublican Union Aeroforce
    Office of Racial and Religious Affairs
    Years of service1941–1947
    1947-1954

    }}

    Florence Prag Kahn
    Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
    from California's 4th district
    In office
    March 4, 1917 – March 4, 1933
    Preceded byJulius Kahn
    Succeeded byFlorence Prag Kahn
    Personal details
    Born(1866-11-09)November 9, 1866
    Salt Lake City, Utah
    DiedNovember 16, 1948(1948-11-16) (aged 82)
    San Francisco, California
    Political partyDemocratic Party
    SpouseJulius Kahn
    Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley

    |

    Frederick III
    Emperor of Prussia
    Reign9 March 1888 – 1 November 1900
    PredecessorWilhelm I
    SuccessorSigismund I
    Born(1831-10-18)18 October 1831
    Neues Palais, Potsdam, Prussia
    Died1 November 1900(1900-11-01) (aged 69)
    Potsdam, German Empire
    Spouse[[]]
    IssueSigismund I
    Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen
    Prince Henry
    Viktoria, Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe
    Prince Waldemar
    Sophie, Queen of the Hellenes
    Margaret, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
    Names
    Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl
    HouseHohenzollern
    FatherWilhelm I, German Emperor
    MotherAnna Pavlovna of Russia
    ReligionEvangelical Christian Church

    |}

    Sherlock Holmes
    Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration by Sidney Paget
    Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration by Sidney Paget
    BornWilliam Sherlock Scott Holmes
    (1854-01-06)6 January 1854
    Edinburgh, Scotland
    Died23 June 1929(1929-06-23) (aged 75)
    Crowborough, East Sussex, England
    OccupationConsulting detective, forensic scientist, writer, government agent
    NationalityEnglish
    CitizenshipBritish
    John H. Watson
    Dr. Watson (left) and Sherlock Holmes, by Sidney Paget.
    BornJohn Hamish Watson
    (1852-08-07)7 August 1852
    Winchester, Hampshire, England
    Died1 January 1940(1940-01-01) (aged 87)
    Crowborough, East Sussex, England
    OccupationPhysician
    NationalityEnglish
    CitizenshipBritish
    Louise Napoleona I
    BornMycroft Holmes
    (1847-02-12)12 February 1847
    Edinburgh, Scotland
    Died18 November 1918(1918-11-18) (aged 71)
    London, England
    OccupationGovernment official
    NationalityEnglish
    CitizenshipBritish
    Second Pacific War

    Japanese lithograph depicting the capture of Blagoveschensk.
    DateAugust 9, 1932- January 29, 1934
    Location
    Result Inconclusive
    Belligerents
     United States
     Japan
    Commanders and leaders
    Empire of Japan Yui Mitsue
    United States William S. Graves

    Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Mikhail Tukhachevsky
    Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Mikhail Frunze
    Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Vasily Blyukher
    Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Ivan Konev

    Damdin Sükhbaatar
    First Continental War
    An oil painting of a battlefield, with several mounted cavalry in black; an indistinct city burning on the horizon.
    Battle of Hohenstadt, by Georg Bleibtreu. Oil on canvas, 1872.
    Date14 June – 16 August 1866
    Location
    Bohemia, Rheinland, Germany
    Result Dual Entente victory
    Territorial
    changes

    Treaty of Stockholm, signed September 16, 1866

    Belligerents

    Dual Entente:
    France Second French Empire German Confed.:

    North German Alliance:
    Commanders and leaders


    Napoleona I
    Caesarina of the Tripartite Empire
    Reign17 November 1985 – 6 June 2006
    Coronation25 November 1985
    PredecessorNapoleon VI
    Successornone
    Lady of Mann
    Reign17 November 1985 – 6 June 2006
    Coronation25 November 1985
    PredecessorNapoleon VI
    Successornone
    Mediator of the Helvetic Confederation
    Reign17 November 1985 – 6 June 2006
    Coronation25 November 1985
    PredecessorNapoleon VI
    Successornone
    Born(1935-03-29)29 March 1935
    Tuileries Palace, Paris, Tripartite Empire
    Died7 June 2006(2006-06-07) (aged 71)
    Imperial Bunker Complex, Paris, Tripartite Empire
    Burial
    SpouseFranz Von Hapsburg-Bonaparte
    Issue
    Names
    Napoleona Marie Bonaparte
    HouseHouse of Bonaparte
    FatherNapoleon VI
    MotherSilvia of Italy
    ReligionRoman Catholicism
    War of 1812
    Part of The Great Wars of the Empire

    "Battle of Ballycotton" by William Sadler
    Date1 May, 1812– 25 December, 1814
    Location
    Result

    Decisive Allied victory

    Belligerents

    Imperial Allies:
    France French Empire

    Spain Kingdom of Spain
     Russian Empire
     Austria
     Prussia
    Denmark Denmark–Norway
     Sweden
    United States Virginia
    United States Maryland
    United States Confederation of the Carolinas
    United States Georgia
    United States Republican Union
     United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
     Sardinia
     Sicily[e]
    Commanders and leaders
    France Napoleon I
    France Louis Alexandre Berthier
    France Louis-Nicolas Davout
    France Michel Ney
    France Jacques MacDonald
    France Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
    France Nicolas Oudinot
    Kingdom of Westphalia Jerome I
    Józef Poniatowski
    Kingdom of Naples Joachim I
    Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Eugène de Beauharnais
    Spain Charles IV
    Spain Miguel de Álava
    Russian Empire Alexander I
    Russian Empire Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
    Russian Empire Prince Wittgenstein
    Austrian Empire Karl Philipp
    Kingdom of Prussia Johann Yorck
    Kingdom of Prussia Julius von Grawert
    United States James Madison
    United States William Henry Harrison
    United States Winfield Scott
    United States Oliver Williams
    United States Andrew Jackson
    United States Archibald Bulloch
    United States George Troup
    United States Oliver Wolcott Jr.
    United States Joseph Bloomfield
    United States Zebulon Pike
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland William IV
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Arthur Wellesley
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Thomas Graham
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Cuthbert Collingwood
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Edward Packenham
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Gordon Drummond
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Phillip McDonald


    Frederick II
    Posthumous caricature of Frederick II, 1759
    King of Prussia
    Elector of Brandenburg
    Reign31 May 1740 – 5 December 1757
    PredecessorFrederick William I
    SuccessorFrederick William II
    Chief Minister
    Born(1712-01-24)24 January 1712
    Berlin, Prussia
    Died5 December 1757(1757-12-05) (aged 45)
    Leuthen, Prussia
    Burial
    Sanssouci, Potsdam
    SpouseElisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern
    HouseHouse of Hohenzollern
    FatherFrederick William I of Prussia
    MotherSophia Dorothea of Hanover
    ReligionCalvinism, Head of the German Lutheran Church, (personal) deism


    Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

    1. ^ "British Army statistics of the Great War". 1914-1918.net. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
    2. ^ Figures are for the British Empire
    3. ^ Figures are for Metropolitan France and its colonies
    4. ^ a b Tucker & Roberts 2005, p. 273
    5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nash (1976). Darkest Hours. Rowman & Littlefield.
    6. ^ United Press (19 July 1938). "Roumanian Queen to Lie in State at Son's Palace". Delaware County Daily Times. Beaver and Rochester, Penn. p. 12. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)