User:Jani123ram

country = India--jani 09:15, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

Taekwondo

File:Jani.taekwondo 1.jpg A WTF taekwondo kicking
Also known as	Taekwon-Do, Tae Kwon-Do, Tae Kwon Do
Focus	Striking (Kicking)
Country of origin	South Korea
Olympic sport	Since 2000 (WTF regulations)

Taekwondo

What is Taekwondo

Taekwondo is one of the most systematic and scientific Korean traditional martial arts, that teaches more than physical fighting skills. It is a discipline that shows ways of enhancing our spirit and life through training our body and mind. Today, it has become a global sport that has gained an international reputation, and stands among the official games in the Olympics.Let's take a closer look at the meaning of the word "Tae" "Kwon" "Do." It is composed of three parts as shown in the English spelling, though it is one word in Korean. "Tae" means "foot," "leg," or "to step on"; "Kwon" means "fist," or "fight"; and "Do" means the "way" or "discipline." If we put these three parts together, we can see two important concepts behind "Tae Kwon Do".First, Taekwondo is the right way of using Tae and Kwon 'fists and feet,' or all the parts of the body that are represented by fists and feet. Second, it is a way to control or calm down fights and keep the peace. This concept comes from the meaning of Tae Kwon 'to put fists under control' [or 'to step on fists' Thus Taekwondo means "the right way of using all parts of the body to stop fights and help to build a better and more peaceful world."Taekwondo has been developing with the 5000-year long history of Korea, being called by several different names in the course. In Korea, Taekwondo began as a defense martial art called "Subak" or "Taekkyon," and developed as a way of training body and mind in the ancient kingdom of Koguryo, under the name of "Sunbae." In the Shilla period, it had become the backbone of Hwarangdo that aimed at producing leaders of the country

Champion Taekwondo Academy in Hyderabad(A.P& INDIA)

File:A.praveen Kumar Black Belt 5th Dan in Hyderabad P.NO 939020888

Taekwondo is a hard martial art that originated in Korea. It is an amalgamation of Chinese, Japanese, and traditional Korean fighting styles. With its popularity, taekwondo has become the world's most commonly practiced martial art. It is the national sport of Korea as well as an Olympic sporting event.

Taekwondo is also spelled as "tae kwon do" or "taekwon-do." In Korean, 'tae' means (derived from hanja) "to strike or smash with the foot"; 'kwon' means "to strike or smash with the hand"; and 'do' means "way" or "pathట". Hence, "taekwondo" is translated as "the way of the foot and the fist".

What is Taekwondo

Taekwondo is one of the most systematic and scientific Korean traditional martial arts, that teaches more than physical fighting skills. It is a discipline that shows ways of enhancing our spirit and life through training our body and mind. Today, it has become a global sport that has gained an international reputation, and stands among the official games in the Olympics.Let's take a closer look at the meaning of the word "Tae" "Kwon" "Do." It is composed of three parts as shown in the English spelling, though it is one word in Korean. "Tae" means "foot," "leg," or "to step on"; "Kwon" means "fist," or "fight"; and "Do" means the "way" or "discipline." If we put these three parts together, we can see two important concepts behind "Tae Kwon Do".First, Taekwondo is the right way of using Tae and Kwon 'fists and feet,' or all the parts of the body that are represented by fists and feet. Second, it is a way to control or calm down fights and keep the peace. This concept comes from the meaning of Tae Kwon 'to put fists under control' [or 'to step on fists' Thus Taekwondo means "the right way of using all parts of the body to stop fights and help to build a better and more peaceful world."Taekwondo has been developing with the 5000-year long history of Korea, being called by several different names in the course. In Korea, Taekwondo began as a defense martial art called "Subak" or "Taekkyon," and developed as a way of training body and mind in the ancient kingdom of Koguryo, under the name of "Sunbae." In the Shilla period, it had become the backbone of Hwarangdo that aimed at producing leaders of the country.

Taekwondo today is similar to the martial arts in other Oriental countries and shares some features with them, because in the course of its evolution it has gained many different styles that existed in the martial arts of the countries surrounding Korea, like Japan and China But Taekwondo is very different from many such oriental martial arts. First, physically it is very dynamic with active movements that include a mirage of foot skills. Second, the principle physical movements are in simpatico with that of the mind and life as a whole. Third, it possesses dynamic poses from another perspective.

Taekwondo can be characterized by unity: the unity of body, mind, and life, and the unity of the pose ["poomsae"] and confrontation, and cracking down. When you do Taekwondo, you should make your mind peaceful and synchronize your mind with your movements, and extend this harmony to your life and society. This is how in Taekwondo the principle of physical movements, the principle of mind training, and the principle of life become one and the same. On the other hand, the right poomsae lead to the right confrontation, which will eventually produce great destructive power.

How come we reach such a unity in Taekwondo? Taekwondo is a way of life, much like having a job, raising a family, fighting for a cause, or any one of numerous raison d'etre. What makes Taekwondo different from these is that it is an activity for survival in extremely antagonistic situations. One must always overcome the enemy that is trying to cause harm. But simply winning a fight is not enough to guarantee one's safety, because the enemy may recuperate and attack again. Moreover, there may be many other enemies than the one that was just defeated. One cannot ever feel safe unless one gains permanent peace. To attain this permanent or lasting peace, one needs unity. This is what Taekwondo aim for. Otherwise Taekwondo would be no different from any other street-fighting skills.

Philosophical Priniciples of Taekwondo

The philosophy of Taekwondo is very special, but what makes it so special? If we learn philosophy from books, we tend to forget it as soon as we leave them, because it is not related to our actual lives. But since Taekwondo is connected with our lives like every movement of ours is, we can never forget its philosophy.That is, the philosophy is one of actions that can be learned from other actions, and our everyday activities. Taekwondo philosophy represents the principles of the changes and movements in human beings. It also represents the principles of our lives, since life consists of our movements. Therefore, we can say Taekwondo is a philosophy in itself. We can understand the philosophy of Taekwondo by doing Taekwondo, and this understanding should lead to better understanding and enhancement of our life. The principles of Taekwondo can be explained in several ways but here we will explain it simply with the principle of "Sam Jae" [Three Elements] and that of "Eum" [the Negative or Darkness] and "Yang" [the Positive or the Brightness]. "Sam Jae" refers to "Cheon" [the Heaven], "Ji" [the Earth], and "In" [the Man] and the principles concerning them. In oriental countries, it has been recognized as the central principle that explains the changes of everything in the world. "Sam Jae" and the changes of "Eum" and "Yang" constitute the "Eight Trigrams for Divination" in the "Book of Changes." The principle of Sam Jae has been emphasized in oriental countries, especially in Korea. If you understand Taekwondo's principle, you could understand all the skills and spiritual depth of Taekwondo. The principle of Eum and Yang has also been emphasized in oriental countries as the central principle of life. It maintains that everything has an opposite side. This principle explains various forms of changes, but it comes from "Taegeuk" [the Great Absolute], which represents the ultimate claim that Eum and Yang was the one and the same thing. If we understand Taekwondo according to this principle, we will find a solution, and by continuously changing skills, we will never get stuck, in any situation. After we understand these philosophical principles of Taekwondo, we can find proper ways to understand and develop our lives.

The Historical Development of Taekwondo Philosophy

What is the philosophy of Taekwondo?

Taekwondo contains thoughts that Han [Korean] people had developed through history. Its philosophy is easily explained with Hongik-Ingan, Jaese-Ihwa, or Hwarangdo spirit. Hongik-Ingan and Jaese-Ihwa were not only ideologies of Tangun Chosun's foundation, but also a fundamental thought of Han people. With time, these ideas developed into the Hwarangdo spirit and the Taekwondo philosophy today. Now, let's look at the principles contents of the philosophy. Hongik-Ingan" means universal welfare of mankind. It was the idea of the national foundation by Tangun, and the Taekwondo spirit too has inherited the idea of Hongik-Ingan. It is easily confirmed from the fact that the word of Taekwondo, itself means to suppress fighting and induce peace. On one hand, Jaese-Ihwa means that the world is educated in accordance with the reason of heaven. Taekwondo is a principle, not a simple connection with movements. It is the Korean traditional martial art characterized by the trinity of body, mind and life. Thus, the principle is the reason of all creation, and so it refers to the reason of heaven in Jaese-Ihwa. Therefore, human beings can be educated in accordance with the reason of heaven through correct training of Taekwondo. That's the very meaning of Jaese-Ihwa. Hongik-Ingan and Jaese-Ihwa appear clearly in the myth of the Korean foundation. According to it, "In the early age, Hwan-Wung, the son of Heaven established a nation called Baedal He then announced the purpose of the national foundation as Jaese-Ihwa [educate with the reason of heaven] and Hongik-Ingan [universal welfare of mankind].

Ancient Timers

Taekwondo in Ancient Times

The historical background of Taekwondo development will be explained following the chronological order of 4 different ages; ancient times, middles ages, modern ages and present times.

The Origin of Taekwondo

Man by nature has instinct to preserve his own life as well as his race, and therefore engages in physical activities either consciously or unconsciously. Man cannot do without physical motions that he grows and developed on them, regardless of time and space. In ancient times people had no means other than the bare hands and body to defend themselves; so they naturally developed the bare-hand fighting techniques. Even at times when arms were developed as defensive or offensive means, people continued to enjoy the bare-hand fighting techniques for the purpose of building physical strength as well as showing off through matches at rituals of tribal communities.

In the early days of the Korean peninsula, there were three tribes, each enjoying warrior's martial art contests during the ritual seasons. At the time, people learned techniques from their experiences of fighting against the beasts whose defensive and offensive motions were also the subject of analysis. It is believed that this was exactly the true grounding of today's Taekwondo, which names have descended from "Subak", "Taekkyon" and so on.

In the latter part of ancient times on the Korean peninsula, three kingdoms were rivaling among them for the hegemony. They were Koguryo, Paekje and Shilla all indulged in growing national strength with trained warriors. Therefore, the Korean history tells that there were military personalities among the well-known prominent national leaders of the three kingdoms, which proves the military tendency of ruling hierarchy.

As a result, youth warriors were organized, such as "Hwarangdo" in Shilla and "Chouisonin" in Koguryo, which both adopted martial art training as one of the important subjects of learning. A known martial art book of the days, called "Muyedobo-Tongji" wrote "Taekwondo is the basis of martial art, enabling one to build strength by using the hand and foot freely and training arms and legs as well as the body to adaptable to any critical situations," which means Taekwondo was already prevalent in that age. Thus, it can be easily assumed that Taekwondo was originated from the days of tribal communities on the Korean peninsula.

Shilla kingdom founded in B.C. 57 on the southeastern part of Korea, and Koguryo founded in B.C. 37 on the northern part of Korea along Yalu river, both made great efforts to raise their youngsters into strong warriors called "hwarang" and "sunbae" respectively, certainly with Taekwondo as one of the principal subjects of physical training.

Koguryo's "sonbae" and Taekkyon

Koguryo was founded on the northern part of Korea, surrounded by hostile Han [Chinese] tribes in the north. Therefore, in its early days, the kingdom organized a strong warrior corps called "Sunbae" in its attempt to consolidate power.

According to the scholars, a man of virtue who never recoils from a fight means "sunbae", which is a member of the warrior corps. Later, the chronicle of the Old Chosun Dynasty described the lift of Koguryo days, saying; "people gathered on march 10 every year at a site of ritual, where they enjoyed a sword dance, archery, Taekkyon contests and so on," implying that Taekkyon was one of the popular events for the ritual in the Koguryo days. It also said "sunbae" lived in groups, learning history and literary arts at home and going out to construct roads and fortresses for the benefits of society, always devoting themselves to the nations.

Therefore, it was natural that Koguryo put the priority of interests on the Taekkyon which was the basis of martial arts, as can be proven by the wall paintings discovered at tombs of Koguryo days. A mural painting at the Samsil tomb shows two warriors engaged in a face-to-face match in Taekkyon stance, and a third at the same tomb shows the scene of Korean wrestling bout [Ssireum], clearly distinguishing it from Taekkyon. It can be assumed from the painting of Taekkyon match that the dead were either a Taekkyon practical or the subject of condolence with dances and martial art.

Silla's "Hwarang" and Taekkyon

The Kingdom of Shilla was founded on the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula where there were no immediate threats from outside, but along with the birth of Paekje Kingdom on its west flank and the start of invasions by Koguryo from the north, Shilla was impelled to arm itself with development of martial arts.

In fact, "hwarangdo" is the typical example of Shilla's martial arts, which is an assimilation of Koguryo's "sunbae" system. The youth group hwarangdo were well trained with the senses of filial piety, loyalty to the kingdom and sacrificial devotion to society to become important personalities for the rein of the kingdom. Notable among them were Kim Yu-Shin and Kim Chun-Chu that made definite contributions to the unification of those three kingdoms.

The chronicle of Old Chosun described the life of hwarangs, members of hwarangdo: "hwarang were selected by the kingdom through contests and, after selection, they lived together in a group, learning, exercising subak, fencing and horse-riding, and sometimes enjoyed various games of communities, working on emergency aids and construction of fortresses and roads, and they were always ready to sacrifice their lives at the time of war."

Hwarangs were particularly influenced by the Buddhistic disciplines and therefore the bronze statues of a Kumgang Yoksa [a man of great physical strength] currently exhibited at the Kyongju Museum clearly indicate that martial arts were practiced at temples by showing a strong man's bare-hand defensive and offensive stances.

Especially the shape of a fist shown on the statue of Kumgang Yoksa exactly resembles that of a "jungkwon" [proper fist] in the contemporary term of Taekwondo. The statue also shows "pyon jumok " [flat fist] and the use of legs, which are seen in today's Taekwondo.

It is really noticeable that in the Shilla epoch the terms "subak" [hand techniques] and "taekkyon" appear together, signifying that both hand and foot techniques were used in martial arts as shown in today's Taekwondo.

Taekkyon transmitted from koguryo to shilla

as the art of taekkyon was popularized in Koguryo, it was also handed down to Silla, which is justified by the following points of view;

(1) "Hwarang"(or sonrang) in Silla has the same meaning with the word "sonbae" in Koguryo by indicating both the youth warrior's corps from their etymological origins.

(2) Both Hwarang and sonbae had the same organizations and hierarchical structure with each other.

(3) According to historical, as sonbaes in Koguryo used to compete in taekkyon games at the time of their national festivals, Hwarangs in Silla also played taekkyon games (subak, dokkyoni or taekkyoni) at such festivals as "palkwanhoe" and "hankawi" , thus systematically developing the ancient fighting techniques into the taekkyon(or sonbae) as the basis of martial arts by around a.d.200. from the 4th century the Hwarangs took the takkyon lesson as a systemized martial art at their learning houses to make it also popularized among ordinary people so much so that their techniques were depicted on the mural paintings of ancient warrior tombs. Again, it is also true that taekkyon, coming down to Silla, was further developed into a school of martial art with the division of techniques, i ,e bare-hand techniques and foot techniques, which can be proved by the fact that both hand and foot techniques art clearly shown in the ancient sculptures buddlistic statues.

TAEKWONDO KICK TECHNIQUES

• Front Kick (ap chagi): In this the practitioner raises their knee to their waist, pulls their toes back and then quickly extends their foot at an opponent. It is also known as the snap kick.

• Side Kick (yop chagi): It is a very powerful kick. In this, first the practitioner raises his knee, rotates their body 90 degrees, extend their leg striking with the side or heel of their foot.

• Roundhouse Kick or Turning Kick (dolyo chagi): In this kick the practitioner raises their knee, turns, pulls their toes back and extends the kick horizontally across his target, usually at a 45 degree angle.

• Hook Kick (hoorye cha kee): It is less popular kick. In this the practitioner raises the knee in a fashion similar to the side kick, then extends the foot in a dorsal arc (clock-wise for the right foot) with the heel as the intended striking weapon.

• Crescent Kick (Bandal Chagi): It is very popular due to sparring competitions. The knee is raised in front, the leg is then extended and pulled down with the heel pointed downward. It is typically targeted toward the head or shoulders.

• Axe Kick (Naeryo Chagi): It has two variations, outer crescent and the inner crescent. In outer crescent the practitioner raises the extended leg as high as they can, and slightly across the body, they then sweep to the side in a circular movement. In the inner crescent, the motions are the same, but the direction of the kick changes, this time originating from the outside of the body, heading towards the inside of the body.

• Spin Kicks (dora chagi): A number of spinning kicks exists that involve the rotation of the entire body before the kick is released. It include the back pivot kick (dweel cha kee), spinning hook kick (dweel hoorye cha kee), spinning axe kick, returning kick, 360 turning kick, and a number of other kicks of varying popularity.

• Jump Kicks (ee dan chagi): A number of kicks involves jumping before their execution. These kicks include jumping front kick (ee dan ap cha kee), jump side kick (ee dan yop cha kee), flying side kick, jump roundhouse (ee dan dol ryu cha kee) jump spinning hook kick, shuffle jump kick, jump (or counter) back kick, and jump spinning side kick.

TAEKWONDO RANKS AND BELT COLORS

• 10th(kup) - White Belt
• 9th (kup) - Yellow Tags
• 8th (kup) - Yellow belt
• 7th (kup) - Green Tags
• 6th (kup) - green belt
• 5th (kup) - Blue Tags
• 4th (kup) - blue belt
• 3rd (kup) - Red Tags
• 2nd (kup) - red belt
• 1st (kup) - Black Tags
• 1st (Dan) - Black Belt

TAEKWONDO DAN TITLES

For those who have passed the sabum test at the Kukkiwon Academy, these are the official sabum classifications:

• 4th and 5th Dan "Sabum 3rd Class": Graduate of 3rd Class Course
• 6th and 7th Dan "Sabum 2nd Class": Graduate of 2nd Class Course
• 8th and 9th Dan "Sabum 1st Class": Graduate of 1st Class Course

Officially, the Kukkiwon recognizes the following titles for dan ranks:

• 1st Dan/Poom - 5th Dan: "Master"
• 5th Dan - 10th Dan: "Grandmaster"

In America, the following is an example of how schools may assign titles to Dan ranks:

• 1st Dan - 2nd Dan: "Assistant Instructor"
• 3rd Dan - 4th Dan: "Instructor"
• 5th Dan - 7th Dan: "Master"
• 8th Dan - 10th Dan: "Grand Master"

TAEKWONDO ADDRESSING TERMS

• Panjanim - Higher Ranking Student
• Sunbaenim - Senior Student
• Kyosanim - Assistant Instructor
• Sabumnim - Teacher
• Kwanjangnim - Kwan Leader
• Kuk Sa Nim - National Teacher
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Korea and its Flag country = South Korea

The Korean name for Korea is "Hangeuk" and its people are called "Hangeuksaram". The ancient name for Korea is "Choson", which means literally "the land of morning calm" and comes from the "Choson" (or "Yi") dynasty of Korea's history (1392-1905). The name "Korea" comes from the "Koryu" dynasty of Korea's history (935-1392) during which westerners had their first contact with Korea.

The national anthem of Korea is "Aeguk Ka" ("Love of Country"). It was written during the Japanese occupation of Korea (circa 1905-1945) and was later set to music by Ahn Eak Tai. The Korean flag is called "Taeguk-ki" and was adopted in August of 1882, not long after the "Hermit Kingdom" opened its front and back doors to foreign aggressive powers. The central theme of the flag is that although there is constant movement within the sphere of infinity, there is also balance and harmony. The flag consists of three parts: a white field (or background), a red and blue circle in the center of the flag (containing a "yin-yang" like symbol), and four black trigrams sorrounding the circle in each of the four corners of the flag. The circle in the center is called "Taeguk" and means the origin of all things in the universe. The red and blue paisleys within the circle represent eternal duality (heaven-earth, fire-water, good-evil, male- female, dark-light, life-death). The blue portion of the circle is called "um" and represents the negative aspects of this duality; the red portion of the circle is called "yang" and represents the positive aspects. "Um-yang" is the Korean equivalent of "yin-yang".

The four black trigrams come from the Chinese book of "I Ch'ing". The trigrams also carry the idea of opposites and of balance. Each trigram (or "gye") consists of three parallel lines, some of which are broken (split), and some of which are unbroken (solid). Each gye has a specific name and represents one or more concepts: In the upper lefthand corner is "K'un" which consists of all solid lines and represents heaven, east, and spring; In the lower righthand corner is "K'on" which consists of all broken lines and represents earth, west, and summer; In the upper righthand corner is "Kam" which consists of one solid line sorrounded by two broken lines and represents water, north, and winter; In the lower lefthand corner is "I" which consists of one broken line sorrounded by two solid lines and represents fire, south, and autumn.

Definition of TaeKwonDo

"Tae" means "foot" or "to strike with the feet". "Kwon" means "hand", or "to strike with the hand". "Do" means discipline, art, or way. Hence TaeKwonDo (foot-hand-way) means literally "the art of the feet and the hands" or "the art of kicking and punching". Different schools and/or styles may impose different variations on the formal definition however. For example, some styles add the words "self defense" to the literal definition and/or throw in some form of the phrase "physical and mental training".

Korean Counting

There are two different numbering systems that are used by Koreans. The first numbering system is used when counting, or when only speaking of the numbers themselves. The first ten numbers in this system are as follows

1 : hanah
2 : dool
3 : set
4 : net
5 : dasot
6 : yasot
7 : ilgop
8 : yadol
9 : ahop
10 : yool

The stress in "hanah", "dasot", and "yasot" is on the first syllable, in "ilgop", "yadol", and "ahop" on the second. In counting cadence in TaeKwonDo, this is so emphasized that the other syllable frequently almost disappears (e.g., "han", "das", "yos", "lgop", "hop", etc.). The other numbering system (which is of Chinese origin) is used in most other cases and is often used where Americans would use ordinal numbers (such as "first", "second", etc ...). For example, this second numbering system is used when describing a person's rank: a first degree black belt would be an "il dan". The first ten numbers in this numbering system are as follows: 1 : il 2 : ee 3 : sahm 4 : sah 5 : oh 6 : ryook 7 : chil 8 : pal 9 : koo 10 : ship

The final `l' in "chil" and "pal" isn't rounded, like an American `l' .... It's a much shorter sound, sort of like the initial `l' in "let", but even shorter. It's not like the `l' in "ball". When pronouncing the word "ship", you must not emphasize the "sh" sound. It's almost more like "sip" with a sort of a lisp. If you pronounce it like "sh" in "shell", then you are referring to sexual intercourse. Even though this second numbering system may correspond to ordinal numbers in English in some cases, these are not ordinal numbers. Koreans use a separate set of words for ordinal numbers.

Basic Body Parts

mom : body
kwanjeol : joint
ulgool : face & head
muh ree : head
noon : eye
gui : ear
ko : nose
in joong : philtrum
eep : mouth
tuhk : chin
mokoomeong : throat
mok : neck
ouka : shoulder
myung chi : solar plexus
pahl : arm
pahlkup : elbow pahlmahk : forearm ahn pahlmahk : inner side of forearm bahkat pahlmahk : outer side of forearm meet pahlmahk : palm side of forearm wi pahlmahk : back side of forearm deung pahlmahk : back of forearm sahnmahk : wrist sahn : hand sahnkal : outside edge of hand (knifehand) sahnkal deung : inside edge of hand (ridgehand) sahn deung : back hand joomok : fist sahnkahrak : finger sahnkeut : fingertip momtong : trunk (middle section) huri : waist ahrae : lower body (low section) noolro : groin dahree : leg mooreup : knee ahp jung kang yi : shin bahl mahk : ankle bahl : foot (or feet) bahldung : instep bahlbong oh ri : arch of foot bahl nahl : outside edge of foot an bahl nahl : inside edge of foot bahl badak : sole of foot ahp chook : ball of foot dwi koomchi : heel dwi chook : bottom of heel bahlkeut : toes

Tenets of TaeKwonDo

ye ui : courtesy yom chi : integrity in nae : perseverance kuk gi : self-control (also "jah jeh") baekjool : indomitable spirit (also "boolgool eui jung shin")

Body Movements

mom omgigi  : movement of the body mahki  : block chagi  : kick chirugi  : thrust (or punch) chigi  : strike (with the hand) jeek gi  : strike (with the foot) bahk gi  : strike (with the head) sahn ki sool  : hand technique bahl ki sool  : foot technique kyorugi  : sparring bituro  : twisting gamya  : stepping (also "omkyuh didigi") kuht neun  : walking uro  : moving in a particular direction (e.g. "ahp uro gamya" - stepping forward) bang hyang bakoogi  : changing direction bitkyuh surgi  : escaping tdwim yu  : jumping dora  : to turn dolmyo  : spinning mee keul myu  : sliding (also "mee kul gi") jupgi  : holding/grabbing donzigi  : throwing goorugi  : rolling/tumbling pyihagi  : dodging hecho  : spreading moyo  : gathering bojoo  : covering

Directions

oo : right (also "oh-ruen")
joa : left (also "wen")
ahp : front
ahn : inner
bahkat : outer
bahndae : reverse
dwi : back
ahnuro : inward
bahkuro : outward
whee : high (up)
whee ur : upward
guande : middle
ulgool : high section (also "sahngdahn")
momtong : middle section (also "chungdahn")
ahrae : low section (also "hahdahn")

Rank

kagup : rank
gup : grade
dan : degree
simsa : grading (or promotional) test
simsa kwan : examiner
dan gup jedo : system of rank

Hand Positions

sahnkal : knifehand sahnkal jecho : knifehand with palm up sahnkal deung : ridgehand (also "oppun sahnkal") sahn bahtong : palm heel (also "bahtong sahn") sahn deung : back hand (also "deung sahn") ah keum sahn : arc hand galkwi sahn : ripping (or raking) hand jipke sahn : pincers hand joomok : fist deung joomuk : back fist yup joomuk : side fist me joomuk : hammer-fist inju joomuk : forefinger one-knuckle fist bamchu joomuk : middle-finger one-knuckle fist doo bam joomuk : two-knuckle fist pyun joomuk : flat (or open) fist omji joomuk : thumb-knuckle fist kwan soo : spearhand (also "pyun sahnkeut") sahnkeut : spearfinger gawi sahnkeut : scissors-shaped spearfingers

Hand Attacks

bahro chirugi : straight (return) punch bahndae chirugi : reverse punch gullgi chirugi : hook punch yung seuk chirugi : combination (consecutive) punch doo bun chirugi : double punch sae bun chirugi : triple punch sahnkeut chirugi : spearfinger thrust sewo chirugi : vertical punch gotjang chirugi : vertical fist punch dolrya chirugi : round punch dwijubo chirugi : upset punch soteum chirugi : spring punch nehryuh chirugi : downward punch chi chirugi : uppercut punch jae chuh chirugi : upper punch (also "jae chin chirugi") doo joomuk chirugi : doublefist punch dikootja chirugi : `U' (or `C') shaped punch (hi-lo) sosum chirugi : double uppercut punch keumgang chirugi : diamond-shaped punch nalgeh chirugi : wing-shaped punch

Blocks

bahkat palmahk mahki : outer forearm block ahn palmahk mahki : inner forearm block sahng palmahk mahki : twin forearm block ahnuro mahki : inward block bahkuro mahki : outward block ahrae mahki : low block cho kyo mahki : rising block daebi mahki : guarding block bituro mahki : twisting block gahwi mahki : scissors block keumgang mahki : diamond-shaped (Hercules) block gutjha mahki : `9'-shaped block (cross block) yeot pero mahki : `X'-shaped block (also "kyo cha mahki") santeul mahki : mountain-shaped block (also "osanteul mahki") weh santeul mahki : part mountain-shaped block utgallruyuh mahki : cross block (also "utgiruh mahki") hechuh mahki : scattered block (or wedge block) hwang so mahki : ox (or "bull") block bahtangsahn nooluh mahki : pressing down block deuluh oll ryu mahki : upward scooping fist block

Kicks

cha olligi : stretching kick jillo chagi : thrusting kick ahp chagi : front kick yup chagi : side kick dolrya chagi : round (roundhouse) kick dwi chagi : back kick bahndae dolrya chagi : reverse round kick ("hook kick" for some styles) dwi dolrya chagi : back round kick ("hook kick" for some styles) gullgi chagi : hook kick (also "golcho chagi" or "golro chagi") bahndall chagi : crescent kick (literally "half moon kick") hoohrio chagi : wheel kick beet chagi : slant (or instep) kick bahn dolrya chagi : half round kick (also "instep kick") beakya chagi : slap kick nehryuh jeek gi : ax kick; literally "downward foot strike" hwe jun chagi : swing kick mil a chagi : pushing kick (also "mil gi chagi") gokwang i chagi : pickax kick pyojuk chagi : target kick dolmyo chagi : spinning kick tdwim yah chagi : jumping kick yung seuk chagi : combination (consecutive) kick meekulmyu chagi : sliding kick (also "mikulgi chagi") goollruh chagi : rolling kick natgeh tdwim yu chagi : hopping kick nalla chagi : flying kick (also "goong jung chagi") gahwi chagi : scissors kick illja chagi : linear kick japgo chagi : holding (grasp) kick ohpo chagi : falling kick (leg sweep) nachu oh chagi : stooping kick

Stances

sohgi : stance jah seh : posture (or stance) [used instead of "sohgi" in some styles] ahnjun sohgi : sitting stance ahp sohgi : front stance ahp koo bi sohgi : front bent knee stance (also just "ahp koo bi") dwi sohgi : back stance dwi koo bi sohgi : back bent knee stance (also just "dwi koo bi") beom sohgi : cat (or tiger) stance (also "goyang-i sohgi") kuht neun sohgi : walking stance juchoom sohgi : horseback riding stance ("kima sohgi" in some styles) mot sohgi : fighting stance kyorugi sohgi : sparring stance choon bi sohgi : ready stance (also "pyeonhi sohgi") gibon sohgi : basic stance guande sohgi : middle stance naranhee sohgi : parallel stance niun ja sohgi : `L'-stance gojang sohgi : fixed (lower-back) stance sa sun sohgi : diagonal stance gyuttari sohgi : fixed balance (or bent knee) stance koh ah sohgi : crossed foot stance kyo cha sohgi : `X'-stance mo ah sohgi : close stance joong-rib sohgi : neutral stance dong yuk sohgi : dynamic stance cha yun sohgi : natural stance chagi sohgi : kicking stance hahktari sohgi : crane stance (also "ue bal sohgi")

Sparring

kyorugi  : (free) sparring
han bun kyorugi : one step sparring
doo bun kyorugi : two step sparring
sae bun kyorugi : three step sparring
bahn ja yu kyorugi : semi free sparring
machu oh kyorugi : arranged free sparring
jeon : round (competition segment)
shihap : bout or match
jeum : point
shi gan : time out
keum bahk : out of bounds
kyong go : warning
gam jeum : deduction of point
shil kyuk : disqualification
boo sang : injury
seung : win
bi kim : tie
chung : blue
hong : red
hin : white
jajun bahl : use of footwork to dodge a technique
nachugi : body evasion by "ducking"

Forms

poomse : form (pronounced "poom-say"), also "hyung"
tul : patterns
jang : similar to a page or a chapter
yung seuk : combination
sa bang hyang : four direction

Uniform

dhee : belt
dobok : uniform
ha'i : training pants

Equipment

hogoo : chest protector (also "bohogoo")
sahn boho jang kap : protective gloves
pahlmahk bohodae : forearm guard
jung kang yi bohodae : shin guard
nang shim bohodae : groin cup
muh ree bohodae : protective head gear
eep bohodae : mouth guard

Commands

cha ryuht : attention
choon bi : ready
bah ro : return to starting position
dwi uro dorah : about face
dorah : turn
elosoh : stand
gomahn : stop (also "mum cho")
geuk gi hyang ha yoh : face the flag
jwa woo hyang woo : face each other
sah bum nim keh : face instructor/master
sun bae nim keh : face senior student
simsa kwan nim keh : face examiner/tester
dobok dahnjung : fix your uniform
dhee dahnjung : fix your belt
hai sahn : class dismissed (also "hae cho")
jonglee : line up (also "ji hap" and "jung yul")
kyung nae : bow
ahnjoe : sit
kool o angi : kneel (kneeling)
bah ro angi : sit in lotus position (yoga posture)
bahl bah kwah : switch your stance (switch your feet)
koo ryung op see : in your own time
seijak : begin
shiuh : relax
kalyeo : break (or stop)
kae sok : Continu

Common Phrases

ye : yes (also "ne") anio : no kahm sa hamnida : thank you komap sumnida : less formal form of "thank you" cheon maeneyo : you're welcome (literally "Don't mention it!") cheuk ka hamnida : congratulations! ahnyong hasimnika : How are you? (literally "Are you well?" or "Are you at peace?") ahnyong hasayo : less formal form of "How are you?" yoboseyo : hello (used on the phone or to get someone's attention; literally "Please look here!") ahnyonghee gasipsiyo : good-bye (to the person who is leaving); literally "Go in peace!" ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo : good-bye (to the person who is staying); literally "Stay in peace!" ahnyonghee gasayo : less formal form of "good-bye" (to the person who is leaving) ahnyonghee gyesayo : less formal form of "good-bye" (to the person who is staying) pangap seumnida : Pleased to meet you! toh poepkeseoyo : See you later! eoseo osayo : Welcome! choesong hamnida : I'm sorry mian hamnida : less formal form of "I'm sorry!" shillye hamnida : Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an impolite act) kwaen chanayo : That's all right ahlge seoyo : I understand moreuge seoyo : I don't understand chaemi isseoyo : It is fun (or interesting)!

Titles

do joo nim : founder (of the art)
kwan jang nim : grandmaster
chung sah nim : chief instructor (or "chief master")
sah bum nim : instructor (or "master")
sah boo nim : more intimate and respectful form of "sah bum nim"; literally "teaching father" kyo sah nim : teacher (also "seon saeng nim")
sun bae nim : senior student
hu bae nim : junior student
hak saeng : student
suryun saeng : trainee
jeja  : pupil
joo sim  : referee
bu sim  : judge
bae sim  : juror
kae sim : time keeper
ki rohk  : recorder

Miscellaneous

dojang  : place where one trains (house of discipline) gong-kyok  : offense hosinsool  : self-defense mukyum  : meditation kihap  : yell jung shin yuk  : mental strength, or martial art spirit (also "moodo jung shin") jung shin dong il  : concentration of the mind jung shin soo yang : development (training) of the mind jung do  : the "right" way (correctness of action) sim shin dahn ryun : mind and body discipline chung myung kwon  : development (training) of the body, mind, and spirit chi shik  : knowledge of mind and thoughts heng dong  : execution (action) of the body and its techniques pil seung  : certain victory il sok pil sai  : one strike must kill ho hyoop  : breathing shim ho hyoop  : breathing control (deep breathing) himm  : force or power ki  : life-energy dahnjun  : the center of your "ki" bokboo  : the stomach area where "ki" is generated. choong sim  : center of gravity chojum  : focus (focal point) of your energy jeung ga  : increase (to strengthen or augment) kyuk pa  : breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles) shibum  : demonstration (or exhibition) pyugi  : stretching ye jol  : etiquette jon gyung  : respect choong sung  : loyalty (also "eui ri") jung jhik  : honesty kahjok  : family