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-Arnaud SA, Sherrard DJ, Maloney N, Whalen RT, Fung P. 1992. Effects of 1-week head-down tilt bed rest on bone formation and the calcium endocrine system. Aviation, Space and Environmental Med 64:14-20. [1]

-Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC, Ensrud K, Musliner T, Hochberg MC, Nevitt MC, Suryawanshi S, Cummings SR; Fracture Intervention Trial. 2000. Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial. FIT Research Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85(11):4118-24. [2]

-Bliziotes M, Sibonga JD, Turner RT, Orwoll E 2006. Periosteal remodeling at the femoral neck in nonhuman primates. J Bone Miner Res. 21(7):1060-7. [3]

-Bonnick SL, Shulman L. 2006. Monitoring Osteoporosis Therapy: Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, or Both? Am J Medicine 119:255-315. [4]

-Boonen S, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Cooper C, Lips P, Ljunggren O, Meunier PJ, Reginster JY. 2006. Addressing the musculoskeletal components of fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D: a review of the evidence. Calcif Tissue Int 78(5):257-270. [5]

-Caillot-Augusseau A, Lafage-Proust MH, Soler C, Pernod J, Dubois F, Alexandre C. 1998. Bone formation and resorption biological markers in cosmonauts during and after a 180-day spaceflight (Euromir 95). Clin Chem. 44(3):578-85 [6]

-Carpenter RD, LeBlanc AD, Evans H, Sibonga JD, Lang TF. Long-term changes in the density and structure of the human hip and spine after long-duration spaceflight. 2010 . Acta Astronautica. 67(1-2):71-81. [7]

-Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings SR, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, LeBoff M, Lewis CE, McGowan J, Neuner J, Pettinger M, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Watts NB; Women's Health Initiative Investigators. 2003. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290(13):1729-38. [8]

-Chantraine A, Nusgens B, Lapiere CM. 1986. Bone remodeling during the development of osteoporosis in paraplegia. Calcif Tissue Int. 38(6) :323-327. [9]

-Clarke BL, Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Wahner HW, O’fallon WM, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. 1996. Changes in quantitative bone Histomorphometry in aging healthy men. J Clin Endocrinology Metabolism 81(6):2264-2270. [10]

-Cooper C, Melton LJ 3rd. 1992. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 3(6):224-229. [11]

Crawford RP, Cann CE, Keaveny TM. 2003. Finite element models predict in vitro vertebral body compressive strength better than quantitative computer tomography. Bone 33(4):744- 750. [12]

-Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. 1997. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 337(10):670-6. [13]

-Eser P, Frotzler A, Zehnder Y, Wick L, Knecht H, Denoth J, Schiessl H. 2004. Relationship between the duration of paralysis and bone structure: a pQCT study of spinal cord injured individuals. Bone. 34:869-880. [14]

-Forwood, M.R., & Turner, C.H. 1995. Skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage. Bone, 17, 197s- 205s [15]

-Garnero P, Sornay-Rendu E, Buboef F, Delmas PD. 1999. Markers of bone turnover predict postmenopausal forearm bone loss over 4 years: The OFELY study. J Bone Miner Res 14:1614-1621. [16]

-Heer M, Kamps N, Biener C, Korr C, Boerger A, Zittermann A, et al. 1999. Calcium metabolism in microgravity. Eur J Med Res, 4 (9):357-60. [17]

-Holick MF. 2005. PTH (1-34): a novel anabolic drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. South Med J. 98(11):1114-7. [18]

-Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Johansson H, De Laet C, Brown J, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Christiansen C, Cummings S, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Gluer C, Goltzman D, Hans D, Krieg MA, La Croix A, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ 3rd, Pols H, Reeve J, Sanders K, Schott AM, Silman A, Torgerson D, van Staa T, Watts NB, Yoshimura N. 2007. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos Int. 18(8):1033-46. [19]

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-Keyak JH, Koyama GK, LeBlanc A, Lu Y, Lang TF. Reduction in proximal femoral strength after long-duration spaceflight. Abstract presentation at 53rd Annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb. 11-14, 2007. San Diego, Ca.[21]

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-LeBlanc AD, Lin C, Shackelford L, Sinitsyn V, Evans H, Belichenko O, et al. 2000. Muscle volume, MRI relaxation times (T2) and body composition after spaceflight. J Appl Physiol, 89:2158-64. [31]

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  1. ^ Arnaud, SB (January 1992). "Effects of 1-week head-down tilt bed rest on bone formation and the calcium endocrine system". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicinae. 63 (1): 14–20. PMID 1550528. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. ^ Black, D. M.; Thompson, D. E.; Bauer, D. C.; Ensrud, K.; Musliner, T.; Hochberg, M. C.; Nevitt, M. C.; Suryawanshi, S.; Cummings, S. R.; Fracture Intervention, Trial (2000). "Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial. FIT Research Group". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 85 (11): 4118–24. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6953. PMID 11095442. S2CID 23743016. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ^ Bliziotes, Michael; Sibonga, Jean D.; Turner, Russell T.; Orwoll, Eric (2006). "Periosteal remodeling at the femoral neck in nonhuman primates". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 21 (7): 1060–7. doi:10.1359/JBMR.060414. PMID 16813526. S2CID 12182720. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ Bonnick, S. L.; Shulman, L. (2006). "Monitoring osteoporosis therapy: bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, or both?". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (4 Suppl 1): S25-31. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.12.020. PMID 16563938. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. ^ Boonen, S.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Cooper, C.; Lips, P.; Ljunggren, O.; Meunier, P. J.; Reginster, J.-Y. (2006). "Addressing the musculoskeletal components of fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D: a review of the evidence". Calcified Tissue International. 78 (5): 257–70. doi:10.1007/s00223-005-0009-8. ISSN 1432-0827. PMID 16622587. S2CID 23718567. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ^ Caillot-Augusseau, A (1). "Bone formation and resorption biological markers in cosmonauts during and after a 180-day space flight (Euromir 95)". Clinical Chemistry. 44 (3): 578–85. doi:10.1093/clinchem/44.3.578. PMID 9510865. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Dana Carpenter, R.; Leblanc, Adrian D.; Evans, Harlan; Sibonga, Jean D.; Lang, Thomas F. (2010). "Long-term changes in the density and structure of the human hip and spine after long-duration spaceflight". Acta Astronautica. 67 (1–2): 71–81. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.01.022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. ^ Cauley, J. A.; Robbins, J.; Chen, Z.; Cummings, S. R.; Jackson, R. D.; Lacroix, A. Z.; Leboff, M.; Lewis, C. E.; McGowan, J.; Neuner, J.; Pettinger, M.; Stefanick, M. L.; Wactawski-Wende, J.; Watts, N. B.; Women's Health Initiative Investigators (1). "Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial". JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association. 290 (13): 1729–38. doi:10.1001/jama.290.13.1729. PMID 14519707. S2CID 42629524. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Chantraine, A.; Nusgens, B.; Lapiere, Ch. M. (1). "Bone remodeling during the development of osteoporosis in paraplegia". Calcified Tissue International. 38 (6): 323–7. doi:10.1007/BF02555744. ISSN 1432-0827. PMID 3089553. S2CID 23499400. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Clarke, B. L.; Ebeling, P. R.; Jones, J. D.; Wahner, H. W.; O'Fallon, W. M.; Riggs, B. L.; Fitzpatrick, L. A. (1996). "Changes in quantitative bone histomorphometry in aging healthy men". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 81 (6): 2264–70. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.6.8964862. PMID 8964862. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  11. ^ Cooper, C.; Melton Lj, 3rd (1992). "Epidemiology of osteoporosis". Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM. 3 (6): 224–9. doi:10.1016/1043-2760(92)90032-v. PMID 18407104. S2CID 9840029. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Crawford, R. P.; Cann, C. E.; Keaveny, T. M. (2003). "Finite element models predict in vitro vertebral body compressive strength better than quantitative computed tomography". Bone. 33 (4): 744–50. doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(03)00210-2. PMID 14555280. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  13. ^ Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Harris, Susan S.; Krall, Elizabeth A.; Dallal, Gerard E. (4). "Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older". The New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (10): 670–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199709043371003. PMID 9278463. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Eser, P.; Frotzler, A.; Zehnder, Y.; Wick, L.; Knecht, H.; Denoth, J.; Schiessl, H. (2004). "Relationship between the duration of paralysis and bone structure: a pQCT study of spinal cord injured individuals". Bone. 34 (5): 869–80. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.01.001. PMID 15121019. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  15. ^ Forwood, M. R.; Turner, C. H. (1995). "Skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage: results from tibial loading studies in rats". Bone. 17 (4 Suppl): 197S–205S. doi:10.1016/8756-3282(95)00292-l. PMID 8579917. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  16. ^ Garnero, Patrick; Sornay-Rendu, Elisabeth; Duboeuf, François; Delmas, Pierre D. (1999). "Markers of bone turnover predict postmenopausal forearm bone loss over 4 years: the OFELY study". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 14 (9): 1614–21. doi:10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.9.1614. PMID 10469291. S2CID 21984115. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
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