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User:JustinePorto/Public toilets in Mali

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Public toilets in Mali
Example alt text
Accessible public toilets in Mali
Language of toilets
Local wordsToilette
Men's toiletshommes
Women's toiletsfemmes
Public toilet statistics
Toilets per 100,000 people1 (2021)
Total toilets??
Public toilet use
Typesquat toilet
Locations???
Average cost???
Often equipped with???
Percent accessible???
Date first modern public toilets???
.

Public toilets in Mali are called toilette, with around one per 100,000 people in the country. Squat toilets are the most common type, and they often charge to use. Efforts are underway to increase the total number of public toilets in the country.

Public toilets[edit]

A French speaking country, the local words for toilets include toilettes and WC, while the local word for toilet paper is Papier toilette, the word for men's toilet is hommes and the word for women's toilet is femmes.[1][2][3]

A 2021 study found there was one public toilet per 100,000 people.[4] Squat toilets are the most common style, and they rarely provide toilet paper.[3]

The typical charge to use a public toilet is CFA25.[3][5] Urinal usage is cheaper at CFA10, while showers cost around CFA50.  People who run public toilet facilities typically earn around CFA300,000 to CFA600,000 a month.  Most of the people who work at them are young people or women.  A number are run by women's cooperatives.[5]Rotary District 9101 District Governor Sunny Akoupha set a goal in March 2022 of building over 1,000 new public toilets between then and 2027.  District 1190, which includes parts of Cumbria, Lancashire, Brampton and Longtown, offered to assist the Mali based project.  The first twelve toilets scheduled to be constructed were to be built in Bamako.  Others were planned for other cities in Mali, and in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Liberia and the Ivory Coast.[6]

It cost around USD$0.04 to use a public toilet in 2007.[7][8]

Regional and global situation impacting public toilets in Mali[edit]

Main article: Public toilet

Around 2.5 billion people around the world in 2018 did not have access to adequate toilet facilities.  Around 4.5 billion people lacked access to proper sanitation.[9] Public toilet access around the world is most acute in the Global South, with around 3.6 billion people, 40% of the world's total population, lacking access to any toilet facilities.  2.3 people in the the Global South do not have toilet facilities in their residence.  Despite the fact that the United Nation made a declaration in 2010 that clean water and sanitation is a human right, little has been done in many places towards addressing this on a wider level.[10]

Public toilets, depending on their design, can be tools of social exclusion. The lack of single-sex women's toilets in developing countries makes it harder for women to participate in public life, in education and in the workplace.[11] In developing countries, unisex public toilets have been a disaster because they make women feel unsafe and fail to consider local religious beliefs.[12] Across Africa, open defecation had social consequences.  These included loss of dignity and privacy.  It also put women at risk of sexual violence.[13]

An issue in developing countries is toilet access in schools.  Only 46% of schools in developing countries have them.[14] Many schools around the world in 2018 did not have toilets, with the problem particularly acute in parts of Africa and Asia.  Only one in five primary schools on earth had a toilet and only one in eight secondary schools had public toilets.[9] 344 million children in sub-Saharan Africa did not have a toilet in their home in 2018.  The lack of toilet access put these children at risk of water borne diseases.[9]

There are generally two toilet styles in public bathrooms in Africa.  One is a traditional squat toilet. The other is a western style toilet with bowl and a place to sit.[15][16]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Spencer, Erika Hope. "Research Guides: France & French Collections at the Library of Congress: Sub-Saharan Africa". guides.loc.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  2. ^ "How to say where is the bathroom in French | An important guide". Berlitz. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  3. ^ a b c "Public Toilet Charges around the World - Toilet Types & Local Names". QS Supplies. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  4. ^ QS Supplies (11 October 2021). "Which Cities Have The Most and Fewest Public Toilets?". QS Supplies. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Publc Toilet Managers, Bamako - Mali" (PDF).
  6. ^ Rawlinson, Ollie (11 March 2022). "Rotary clubs work across borders to support sanitation project in Africa". News and Star. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  7. ^ Drewko, Aleksandra (September 2007). Resource-Oriented Public Toilets in Oriented Public Toilets in Developing Countries: Ideas, Design, Operation and Maintenance for Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Hamburg: Hamburg University of Technology.
  8. ^ Drewko, Aleksandra (September 2007). Resource-Oriented Public Toilets in Oriented Public Toilets in Developing Countries: Ideas, Design, Operation and Maintenance for Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Hamburg: Hamburg University of Technology.
  9. ^ a b c Associated Press (19 November 2018). "World Toilet Day Highlights Global Sanitation Crisis". VOA. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  10. ^ Glassman, Stephanie; Firestone, Julia (May 2022). "Restroom Deserts: Where to go when you need to go" (PDF). AARP.
  11. ^ Das, Maitreyi Bordia (19 November 2017). "The tyranny of toilets". World Bank. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  12. ^ Coles, Anne; Gray, Leslie; Momsen, Janet (2015-02-20). The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-09478-3.
  13. ^ Reuters (2016-11-18). "Pakistan among 10 worst countries for access to toilets". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2022-10-11. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  14. ^ Fleischner, Nicki (21 November 2015). "Toilets by the numbers". Global Citizen. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
  15. ^ Planet, Lonely; Ham, Anthony; Atkinson, Brett; Bainbridge, James; Butler, Stuart; Carillet, Jean-Bernard; Clammer, Paul; Corne, Lucy; Filou, Emilie (2017-11-01). Lonely Planet Africa. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-78701-147-2.
  16. ^ Planet, Lonely; Ham, Anthony; Bainbridge, James; Corne, Lucy; Fitzpatrick, Mary; Holden, Trent; Sainsbury, Brendan (2017-09-01). Lonely Planet Southern Africa. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-78701-240-0.
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