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User:KC Panchal/Sandbox/Skeletal muscles

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Muscles of Upper limb

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Vertebral column and thoracic walls

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Vertebral column Thoracic wall
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Details
Originspinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Insertionfloor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Arterysubscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery
Nervethoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8)
Actionspulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
Antagonistdeltoid, trapezius
Anatomical terms of muscle
Trapezius
Details
Originarises, down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the medial part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12
Insertionat the shoulders, into the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process, and into the spine of the scapula
Arterytransverse cervical artery
Nervemajor nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle
Actionsretraction of scapula
AntagonistSerratus anterior muscle, Latissimus Dorsi
Anatomical terms of muscle
Rhomboid major muscle
Details
Originspinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae
Insertionmedial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle
Arterydorsal scapular artery
Nervedorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
ActionsRetracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.
AntagonistSerratus anterior muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Rhomboid minor muscle
Details
Originnuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7 to T1 vertebrae
Insertionmedial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle
Arterydorsal scapular artery
Nervedorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
ActionsRetracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.
AntagonistSerratus anterior muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Levator scapulae muscle
Details
OriginPosterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae
InsertionSuperior part of medial border of scapula
Arterydorsal scapular artery
Nervecervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
ActionsElevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
Anatomical terms of muscle
Pectoralis major muscle
Details
OriginKank: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the
Insertionintertubercular groove of the humerus
Arterypectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
Nervelateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve
Clavicular head: C5 and C6
Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1
ActionsClavicular head: flexes the humerus
Sternocostal head: extends the humerus
As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
Anatomical terms of muscle
Pectoralis minor muscle
Details
Originmedial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages
ArteryPectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
NerveMedial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
ActionsIt stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.
Anatomical terms of muscle
Subclavius muscle
Details
Originfirst rib
Insertionsubclavian groove of clavicle
Arterythoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch
Nervenerve to subclavius
Actionsdepression of clavicle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Serratus anterior (boxer muscle)
Details
Originfleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertioncostal aspect of medial margin of the scapula
Arterylateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part)
Nervelong thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, 6, 7)
Actionsprotracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation.
AntagonistRhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Trapezius
Anatomical terms of muscle

Shoulder with rotator cuff

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Shoulder Rotator cuff
Deltoid muscle
Details
Originclavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Insertiondeltoid tuberosity of humerus
Arteryprimarily posterior circumflex humeral artery
NerveAxillary nerve
Actionsshoulder abduction, flexion and extension
AntagonistLatissimus dorsi
Anatomical terms of muscle
Teres major muscle
Details
Originposterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertionmedial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
ArterySubscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
NerveLower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6)
ActionsInternal rotation of the humerus
Anatomical terms of muscle
Supraspinatus muscle
Details
Originsupraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertionsuperior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Arterysuprascapular artery
Nervesuprascapular nerve
Actionsabduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
Anatomical terms of muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Details
Origininfraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertionmiddle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus
Arterysuprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries
Nervesuprascapular nerve
ActionsLateral rotation of arm & Abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
Anatomical terms of muscle
Teres minor muscle
Details
Originlateral border of the scapula
Insertioninferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus
Arterylateral circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery
Nerveaxillary nerve
Actionslaterally rotates and adducts the arm
Anatomical terms of muscle
Subscapularis muscle
Details
Originsubscapular fossa
Insertionlesser tubercle of humerus
Arterytransverse cervical artery, subscapular artery
Nerveupper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
Actionsrotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
Anatomical terms of muscle

Arm

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Anterior compartment of the arm Posterior compartment of the arm
Coracobrachialis muscle
Details
Origincoracoid process of scapula
Insertionmedial humerus
Arterybrachial artery
Nervemusculocutaneous nerve
Actionsadducts humerus
Anatomical terms of muscle
Biceps brachii muscle
Details
Originshort head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertionradial tuberosity
Arterybrachial artery
NerveMusculocutaneous nerve (C5–C7)
Actionsflexes elbow and supinates forearm
AntagonistTriceps brachii muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Brachialis muscle
Details
Originanterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone
Insertioncoronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna
Arteryradial recurrent artery
Nervemusculocutaneous nerve
Actionsflexion at elbow joint
Anatomical terms of muscle
Triceps brachii muscle
Details
Originlong head: scapula
lateral head: posterior humerus
medial head: posterior humerus
Insertionolecranon process of ulna
Arterydeep brachial artery
Nerveradial nerve
Actionsextends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
AntagonistBiceps brachii muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Anconeus muscle
Details
Originlateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally
Insertionlateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally
Arterydeep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery
Nerveradial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)
ActionsIt is partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. It also stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation.
Anatomical terms of muscle

Forearm

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Superficial Deep
Pronator teres muscle
Details
Originhumeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
Insertionradius
Arteryulnar artery and radial artery
Nervemedian nerve
Actionspronation of forearm, flexes elbow
AntagonistSupinator muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Palmaris longus muscle
Details
Originmedial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
Insertionpalmar aponeurosis
Arteryulnar artery
Nervemedian nerve
Actionswrist flexor
AntagonistExtensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Details
Originmedial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
InsertionBases of second and third metacarpal bones
Arteryulnar artery
NerveMedian nerve
ActionsFlexion and abduction at wrist
AntagonistExtensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Details
Originmedial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)
Insertionpisiform
Arteryulnar artery
Nervemuscular branches of ulnar nerve
Actionsflexion of wrist
AntagonistExtensor carpi ulnaris muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
Details
Originmedian epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) as well as parts of the radius and ulna.
Insertionphalanges
Arteryulnar artery
Nervemedian nerve
Actionsflexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)
AntagonistExtensor digitorum muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Pronator quadratus muscle
Details
Originmedial, anterior surface of the ulna
Insertionlateral, anterior surface of the radius
Arteryanterior interosseous artery
Nervemedian nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Actionspronates the forearm
AntagonistSupinator muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Details
Originulna
Insertiondistal phalanges
Arteryanterior interosseous artery
Nervemedian (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar
Actionsflex hand, interphalangeal joints
AntagonistExtensor digitorum muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor pollicis longus muscle
Details
OriginThe middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the ulna.)
InsertionThe base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
ArteryAnterior interosseus artery
NerveAnterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1)
ActionsFlexion of the thumb.
AntagonistExtensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle

Posterior compartment of the forearm—Superficial

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Superficial Superficial—mobile wad
Extensor digitorum muscle
Details
Originlateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
Insertion2nd and 3rd phalanges
Nerveposterior interosseous nerve
Actionsextension of hand and fingers
AntagonistFlexor digitorum superficialis muscle, Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor digiti minimi muscle
Details
Originthe anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon)
Insertionat the extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side
Arterythe posterior interosseous artery which originates from the common interosseous artery and more proximally, the ulnar artery
Nerveposterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8)
Actionsextends the little finger at all joints
AntagonistFlexor digiti minimi brevis
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
Details
OriginCommon extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna
Insertion5th metacarpal
Arteryulnar artery
Nervethe posterior interosseus nerve, a branch of the radial nerve
Actionsextends and adducts the wrist
AntagonistFlexor carpi ulnaris
Anatomical terms of muscle
Brachioradialis muscle
Details
OriginLateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
InsertionDistal radius (Radial styloid process)
Arteryradial recurrent artery
Nerveradial nerve
ActionsFlexion of forearm
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
Details
Originlateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion2nd metacarpal
Arteryradial artery
Nerveradial nerve
Actionsextensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist
AntagonistFlexor carpi radialis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
Details
Originhumerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
Insertionbase of the 3rd metacarpal
Arteryradial artery
Nervedeep branch of the radial nerve
Actionsextensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint
AntagonistFlexor carpi radialis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle

Posterior compartment of the forearm—Deep

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Deep Deep—Anatomical snuff box
Supinator muscle
Details
OriginLateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament (elbow), annular ligament
InsertionLateral proximal radial shaft
Arteryradial recurrent artery
NervePosterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
Actionssupinates forearm
AntagonistPronator teres, Pronator quadratus
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor indicis proprius
Details
Originulna
Insertionindex finger (extensor hood)
Nerveposterior interosseous nerve
Actionsextends index finger, wrist
Anatomical terms of muscle
Abductor pollicis longus muscle
Details
Originulna, radial styloid process
Insertionfirst metacarpal
NervePosterior interosseous nerve
Actionsabduction, extension of thumb
AntagonistAdductor pollicis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
Details
Originradius
Insertionthumb, proximal phalanx
Arteryposterior interosseous artery
Nerveposterior interosseous
Actionsextension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
AntagonistFlexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Extensor pollicis longus muscle
Details
Originulna
Insertionthumb, distal phalanx
Nerveposterior interosseus nerve (branching from the radial nerve)
Actionsextension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)
AntagonistFlexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle

Muscles of the hand

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Lateral volar and thenar eminence

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Lateral volar Lateral volar—Thenar eminence
Adductor pollicis muscle
Details
OriginTransverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal
Oblique head: bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones
Insertionmedial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid
Nervedeep branch of the ulnar nerve (T1)
Actionsadducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
AntagonistAbductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Opponens pollicis muscle
Details
Origintrapezium and transverse carpal ligament
Insertionmetacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side
Nervemedian nerve
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Details
Origintrapezoid, flexor retinaculum
Insertionthumb, proximal phalanx
Nervemedian nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)
ActionsFlexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint
AntagonistExtensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Abductor pollicis brevis muscle
Details
OriginTransverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium
InsertionRadial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors
NerveMedian nerve
ActionsAbduction of the thumb by acting across the carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint. It also assists in opposition and extension of the thumb.
AntagonistAdductor pollicis muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Opponens pollicis muscle
Details
Origintrapezium and transverse carpal ligament
Insertionmetacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side
Nervemedian nerve
ActionsFlexion of the thumb's metacarpal at the first carpometacarpal joint, which aids in opposition of the thumb
Anatomical terms of muscle

Medial volar and hypothenar eminence

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Meidal volar Meidal volar—Hypothenar eminence
Palmaris brevis muscle
Details
Originflexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis
Insertionpalm
Nervesuperficial branch of ulnar nerve
Actionswrinkle skin of palm
Anatomical terms of muscle
Opponens digiti minimi muscle
Details
OriginHook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
InsertionMedial border of 5th metacarpal
Arteryulnar artery
Nervedeep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
ActionsDraws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
Anatomical terms of muscle
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Details
Originhamate bone
Insertionlittle finger
Arteryulnar artery
Nervedeep branch of ulnar nerve
Actionsflexes little finger
AntagonistExtensor digiti minimi muscle
Anatomical terms of muscle
Abductor minimi digiti muscle (hand)
Details
Originpisiform
Insertionbase of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side
Arteryulnar artery
Nervedeep branch of ulnar nerve
Anatomical terms of muscle

Intermediate volar and interossei

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Intermediate volar Interossei
Lumbricals of the hand
Details
Originflexor digitorum profundus
Insertionextensor expansion
Arterysuperficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery
Nervedeep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve
Actionsflex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
Anatomical terms of muscle
Dorsal interossei of the hand
Details
Originmetacarpals
Insertionproximal phalanges
ArteryDorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery
Nervedeep branch of ulnar nerve
Actionsabduct finger
AntagonistPalmar interossei muscles
Anatomical terms of muscle
Palmar interossei muscles
Details
Originmetacarpals
Insertionproximal phalange
Nervedeep branch of ulnar nerve
Actionsadduction
AntagonistDorsal interossei of the hand
Anatomical terms of muscle