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User:Kevmin/sandbox/Paleobiota of the Latah Formation

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Numerous fossil plants and insects have been recovered from the formation and described.[1] The Latah Formation includes the Clarkia fossil beds lagerstätte in Idaho, which are currently understood to be Early Barstovian in age.[2] One unnamed Sciuridae fossil was described in 2018, and fish belonging to the salmonid, cyprinid, and centrarchid groups are known.

Plants

[edit]

The initial taxonomic work on the flora was undertaken by Frank Knowlton with assistance from diatom specialist Albert Mann and bryologist Elizabeth Britton.[3] Their combined work was published as a supplemental chapter to the initial 1926 descriptive work by Joseph Pardee and Kirk Bryan. After Knowltons death in November 1926, his revision of the Latah flora was taken over by Edward W. Berry who also erroneously included strata of the much older Klondike Mountain Formation around Republic, Washington.[4] This error was noted and corrected in later works by Roland W. Brown.[5] Ralph W. Cheney and Daniel I. Axelrod broke the Latah into four major florules, Grand Coulee and Spokane in Washington plus Coeur d'Alene and Whitebird in Idaho, while noting several "miscellaneous" sites as well.[6]

Mosses

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author/year Florule Notes Synonyms Images

Polytrichaceae

Polytrichites

Polytrichites spokanensis[3]

Britton

  • Spokane

A possible polytrichaceous moss

Polytrichites spokanensis
incertae sedis Hypnites

Hypnites brittoniae

(Steere) Miller[7]

  • Spokane

A moss of uncertain affiliation.

Hypnites brittoniae

Hypnites patens[8]

(Britton) Miller

  • Spokane

A moss of uncertain affiliation

Hypnites patens

Lycopods

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author/year Florule Notes Images

Lycopodiaceae

Lycopodium

Lycopodium hesperium[3]

Knowlton

  • Coeur d'Alene

A possible lycopod clubmoss
Treated as a plant of uncertain affinity by Chaney & Axelrod 1959[6]

Lycopodium hesperium

Ferns

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author/year Florule Notes Synonyms Images

Blechnaceae

Woodwardia

Woodwardia praeradicans

Berry

  • Spokane

A chain fern species

Woodwardia praeradicans

Equisetaceae

Equisetum

Equisetum alexanderi[5]

Brown

  • Spokane

A horsetail species

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium

Pteridium calabazensis[9]

(Dorf) Graham

  • Misc - Alkali Creek

A Pteridium fern species

Osmundaceae

Osmunda

Osmunda occidentalis[5]

(Berry) Brown

  • Spokane

A royal fern species
Not to be confused with Asplenium occidentale Knowlton (1917)

Osmunda occidentale

Woodsiaceae

Woodsia

Woodsia bonseri

Berry

  • Spokane

A cliff fern species

Woodsia bonseri

Ginkgos

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author/year Florule Notes Images

Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgo

Ginkgo adiantoides[3]

(Unger) Heer

  • Clarkia
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A ginkgo species

Ginkgo adiantoides

Conifers

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Cupressaceae

Juniperus

Juniperus sabinoides[11]

Ashlee

  • Whitebird

A juniper species

Metasequoia

Metasequoia occidentalis

A dawn redwood species.

Taxodium

Taxodium dubium[3]

(Sternberg) Heer

  • Clarkia[12]
  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird
  • Misc locals

A bald-cypress.

Taxodium dubium

Tetraclinis

Tetraclinis salicornioides var. praedecurrens[14]

(Knowlton) Kvaček & Manchester

A Tetraclinis species.

Tetraclinis salicornioides var. praedecurrens

Thuja

Thuja dimorpha[6]

(Oliver) Chaney & Axelrod

  • Spokane
Pinaceae

Keteleeria

Keteleeria heterophylloides

(Berry) Brown

  • Spokane[4]
  • Misc-Clearwater River[10]

A Keteleeria species.

Keteleeria heterophylloides
Pinus

Pinus harneyana

Chaney & Axelrod 1959

  • Spokane

A pine

Pinus harneyana

Pinus wheeleri

Cockerell

A pine

Tsuga

†"Tsuga latahensis"

Berry

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

First described as a hemlock conescale.[17]
Suggested to be a bud scale in 1937.[5]
Treated as an incertae sedis plant by Chaney & Axelrod (1959).[6]

Tsuga latahensis

Taxaceae

Cephalotaxus

Cephalotaxus bonseri

(Knowlton) Cheney & Axelrod

  • Spokane

A yew

Cephalotaxus bonseri

Basal dicots

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Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Images

Nymphaceae

Nymphaea

Unidentified[18].

  • Clarkia

A Nymphaea species leaf
Not describable to species

Monocots

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Araceae

Arisaema

Arisaema hesperia[3]

Knowlton

  • Coeur d'Alene

An Arisaema species.
Has been suggested as a synonym of Liquidambar pachyphyllum[8]

Arisaema hesperia

Lysichiton

†"Lysichiton washingtonense"[17]

Berry

  • Grand Coulee

First described as a skunk cabbage.[17]
Later treated as a species of uncertain affinity.[6]

Lysichiton washingtonense
Smilacaceae Smilax

Smilax magna

Chaney

A green briar species

Smilax magna

Smilax praelaurifolia[11]

Ashlee

  • Misc

A green briar species

Typhaceae

Typha

Typha lesquereuxi

Cockerell

A cattail species

Typha lesquereuxi
Unidentified Unidentified

Unidentified

  • Spokane

A poaceous like leaf.
Knowlton did not consider Latah Formation leaves as name-able.

unnamed "Grass" leaf

Unidentified

  • Spokane

Possibly a poalean plant
Suggested to be a low-growing "grass"

Grass?, genus? of Knowlton 1926

Magnoliids

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Lauraceae Machilus

Machilus americana[5]

Brown

  • Spokane

A Machilus species

Machilus asiminoides[5]

Brown

  • Spokane

A Machilus species

Persea

Persea lanceolata[19]

(Berry) Brown

  • Grand Coulee
  • Misc-Clearwater River[10]
  • Misc-Juliaetta[10]
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird[10]

An avocado species

Persea lanceolata

Umbellularia

Umbellularia saliciformis[8]

(Knowlton & Cockerell) LaMotte

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A pepperwood species.

Umbellularia saliciformis
Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron

Liriodendron hesperia[20]

Berry

  • Clarkia
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird

A tulip tree species

Liriodendron hesperia
Magnolia

Magnolia dayana

Cockerell

A magnolia species

Magnolia dayana

Magnolia latahensis[5]

(Berry) Brown

  • Spokane

A magnolia species

Magnolia latahensis

Ceratophyllales

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Images

Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllum

†"Ceratophyllum praedemersum"

Ashlee

  • Spokane

First described as a Ceratophyllum
Reidentified as a possible immature platanaceous fruiting axis.[21]

Basal eudicots

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images

Berberidaceae

Mahonia

Mahonia simplex

(Newberry) Arnold

An oregon grape species.

Platanaceae Platanus

Platanus dissecta

Lesquereux

A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore leaf species.[22]

Platanus dissecta

Platanus emryi[22]

Huegele, Spielbauer, & Manchester

  • Emerald Creek

A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore fruit species.

Trochodendraceae

Trochodendron

Trochodendron rosayi[23]

Manchester, Pigg, & DeVore

  • Emerald Creek

A Trochodendron fruit species.

?Trochodendraceae

Nordenskioldia

Nordenskioldia interglacialis[24]

(Hollick) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher

A stem-group trochodendralean fruit species.
Likely fruits of the leaf species Zizyphoides auriculata

Nordenskioldia interglacialis

Zizyphoides

Zizyphoides auriculata

(Heer) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher

A stem-group trochodendralean leaf species.
Likely fruits of the fruit species Nordenskioldia interglacialis

Zizyphoides auriculata

Superasterids - basal

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Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Cornaceae Cornus

Cornus becki

Berry

  • Grand Coulee

A dogwood species.

Cornus latahense[6]

Chaney and Axelrod

  • Spokane

A dogwood species.

Ebenaceae

Diospyros

Diospyros oregoniana[6]

(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird

A persimmon species

Diospyros oregoniana
Ericaceae

Arctostaphylos

Arctostaphylos spatulata[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

A manzanita species
Deemed incertae sedis without commentary (1959)[6]

Arctostaphylos spatulata

Gaultheria

Gaultheria pacifica[19]

Brown

  • Spokane-Brickyard

A Gaultheria species

Juddicarpon

Juddicarpon benewahensis[25]

Smith & Manchester

  • Clarkia

A vaccinioid fruit.

Kalmia?

Kalmia (?) elongata[11]

Ashlee

  • Misc-Elk River

A Kalmia species

Rhododendron

Rhododendron knowltoni[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

A Rhododendron species

Rhododendron knowltoni
Vaccinium

Vaccinium bonseri

Berry

  • Spokane

A Vaccinium species
One named subspecies/variety V. b. serrulatum

Vaccinium bonseri

Vaccinium sophoroides

Knowlton

  • Coeur d'Alene

First named as a huckleberry leaf species
Synonymized into Vaccinium americanum (1929)[4]
Resurrected as incertae sedis (1959)[6]

Vaccinium salicoides

Vaccinium sophoroides

(Knowlton) Brown

A Vaccinium species

Vaccinium sophoroides
Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea

Hydrangea knowltoni

(Berry) Chaney & Axelrod

A hydrangea species

Hydrangea knowltoni

Philadelphus

Philadelphus pardeei[5]

(Knowlton) Brown

  • Spokane

A mock-orange species

Philadelphus pardeei

Loasaceae

Mentzelia

Mentzelia occidentalis

(Berry) Brown

A stickleaf species

Mentzelia occidentalis
Nyssaceae Nyssa

Nyssa hesperia[17]

Berry

  • Grand Coulee
  • Misc-Linson Valley[10]
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird[10]

A tuplo species of the N. sylvatica complex.[27]

Nyssa magnifica

(Knowlton) Berry

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A tuplo species of the N. javanica complex.[27]

Nyssa magnifica

Styracaceae

Halesia

Halesia columbiana[19]

Brown

  • Spokane-Brickyard

A silverbell fruit species

Oleaceae

Fraxinus

Fraxinus idahoensis

Brown

A ash species.

Theaceae

Gordonia

Gordonia idahoensis[6]

(Knowlton) Berry

A Gordonia species.

Gordonia idahoensis

Superasterids

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Adoxaceae Viburnum

Viburnum fernquisti[4]

Berry

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A Viburnum seed morphospecies.

Viburnum fernquisti

Viburnum lantanafolium[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

A Viburnum species.

Viburnum lantanafolium

Viburnum ribesiforme

LaMotte

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A Viburnum species.

Viburnum ribesiforme

Apiaceae

Umbelliferospermum

Umbelliferospermum latahense[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

An apiaceous winged fruit morphogenus.[28]

Umbelliferospermum latahense

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex

Ilex fulva[6]

MacGinitie

  • Spokane

A holly species.

Convolvulaceae

Porana

Porana microcalyx[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

A Porana species

Porana microcalyx

Oleaceae

Fraxinus

Fraxinus dayana[6]

Chaney & Axelrod

  • Whitebird

An ash species.

Superrosids - Basal

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar

Liquidambar pachyphyllum

Knowlton

A sweet gum species.

Liquidambar pachyphyllum

Hamamelidaceae

Exbucklandia

Exbucklandia oregonensis

(Chaney) Brown

An Exbucklandia species

Exbucklandia oregonensis
Vitaceae Vitis

Vitis bonseri

Berry

A grape species.

Vitis washingtonensis

(Knowlton) Brown

A grape species.

Vitis washingtonensis

Superrosids - Fabids

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Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Betulaceae Alnus

Alnus fairii

(Knowlton) Wolfe[31]

An alder.

Betula fairii

Alnus largei

(Knowlton) Wolfe[31]

  • Coeur d'Alene[6]
  • Grand Coulee[6]
  • Misc-Clearwater River[10]
  • Misc-St Maries[10]
  • Spokane[6]
  • Whitebird[6]

A birch

Alnus largei

Alnus hollandiana

Jennings

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Spokane

An alder

Alnus hollandiana

Alnus relatus

(Knowlton) Brown

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird

An alder

Alnus relatus
Betula

Betula thor

Knowlton

  • Spokane

A birch

Betula thor

Betula vera

Brown

  • Spokane

A birch

Ostrya

Ostrya oregoniana

Chaney

A hophornbeam

Celastraceae

Euonymus

Euonymus pacificus[5]

Brown

  • Spokane

A wintercreeper species

Fabaceae

Caesalpinia

Caesalpinia spokanensis[32]

(Knowlton) Herendeen & Dilcher

  • Clarkia
  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird
  • Misc - Elk River

A Caesalpinia fruit
Possibly the fruits belonging to Sophora spokanensis[32]

Caesalpinia spokanensis

Cercis

Unnamed

Brown

Leaves first placed as Cercis spokanensis
In need of redescription and renaming[33]

Leguminosites

Leguminosites alexanderi[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

A fabaceous fruit species

Leguminosites alexanderi

Robinia?

Robinia (?) idahoensis[11]

Ashlee

  • Misc-Grangerville Mtn

A fabaceous fruit species

Sophora

Sophora spokanensis[3]

Knowlton

A Sophora species.
Possibly the leaves belonging to Caesalpinia spokanensis[32]

Sophora spokanensis
Fagaceae

Castanea

Castanea spokanensis

(Knowlton) Chaney & Axelrod

A Chestnut species

Castanea spokanensis
Castanopsis

Castanopsis perplexa

(Knowlton) Brown

  • Coeur d'Alene

A Chestnut species

Castanopsis perplexa

Castanopsis spokanensis

(Brown) Chaney & Axelrod[6]

  • Spokane

A chinquapin species

Fagus

Fagus pacifica

Chaney

A Beech species
Specimens in need of confirmation.[15]

Fagus washoensis

LaMotte

A Beech species

Pseudofagus

Pseudofagus idahoensis[35]

Smiley & Huggins

  • Clarkia

A fagaceous genus

Quercus

Quercus axelrodi[19]

Brown

  • Spokane

An oak.

Quercus bretzi[5]

Chaney

  • Spokane

An oak.

Quercus columbiana[29]

Chaney

  • Misc ID
    Potlach Creek
    Poorman Creek

An oak.

Quercus dayana[6]

Knowlton

  • Spokane

An oak.

Quercus eoprinus

Smith

An oak.

Quercus mccanni[17]

Berry

  • Grand Coulee

An oak.

Quercus mccanni

Quercus payettensis

Knowlton

An oak.

Quercus payettensis

Quercus pseudolyrata

Lesquereux

  • Grand Coulee[17]
  • Misc-Moscow[10]
  • Misc-Potlatch Creek
  • Spokane

An oak.

Quercus simulata[5]

Knowlton

An oak species

Quercus simulata

Quercus sp.

Isolated acorn nuts
Not described to species

Quercus sp. acorn

Quercus sp.

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Spokane

Isolated acorn cupules
Not described to species

Quercus sp. cupule
Juglandaceae

Carya

Carya bendirei

(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod

  • Grand Coulee
  • Misc-Thorn Creek
  • Whitebird

A hickory species

Carya bendirei

Palaeocarya

Palaeocarya olsonii

(Brown) Manchester

  • Misc

A Palaeocarya species

Pterocarya

Pterocarya mixta[5]

(Knowlton) Brown

  • Spokane

A wingnut species

Malpighiaceae

Hiraea

Hiraea knowltoni[9]

(Berry) Graham

  • Spokane

A Hiraea species.

Myricaceae

Comptonia

Comptonia hesperia

Berry

  • Spokane

A sweet fern

Myrica

Myrica ashleei[29]

LaMotte

  • Misc-Elk River

A Myrica species.

Rhamnaceae

Paliurus

Paliurus hesperius[37]

Berry

  • Clarkia?
  • Misc-Clearwater River[38]
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A Paliurus species
Suggested to be possible syn of †Paliurus favonii[39]
That synonymy questioned.[40]

Paliurus hesperius

Rhamnus

Rhamnus columbiana[6]

Chaney & Axelrod

  • Misc - Moscow

A buckthorn species

Rosaceae

Amelanchier

Amelanchier couleeana

(Berry) Brown

A service berry species

Amelanchier couleeana

Cercocarpus

Cercocarpus praeledifolius[4]

Berry

  • Spokane

A mountain mahogany species
Placement deemed incertae sedis (1959)[6]

Cercocarpus praeledifolius

Crataegus

Crataegus latahensis[11]

Ashlee

  • Whitebird

A hawthorn species

Rubus

Rubus idahoensis[11]

Ashlee

  • Misc-Grangeville Mtn

A bramble species

Salicaceae Populus

Populus eotremuloides

Knowlton

  • Misc-Arrow Junct.[10]

A cottonwood species

Populus lindgreni

Knowlton

A cottonwood species

Populus voyana[6]

Chaney & Axelrod

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Spokane - Veradale

A cottonwood species

Unnamed[4]

Berry

  • Spokane - Brickyard

Unnamed cottonwood species flower bracts

Populus sp.
Salix

Salix hesperia

(Knowlton) Condit

A willow species

Salix hesperia

Salix kempffii[11]

Ashlee

  • Misc-Elk River

A willow species

Salix knowltoni

Berry

  • Misc-Clearwater River[10]

A willow species

Salix spokanensis

(Berry) Brown

  • Spokane

A willow species

Salix spokanensis

Unnamed[4]

Berry

  • Spokane - Brickyard

Unnamed willow species stipules

Salix sp.
Ulmaceae

Cedrelospermum

Cedrelospermum lineatum

(Lesquereux) Manchester

An ulmaceous species.

Ulmus

Ulmus newberryi

Knowlton

Elm species fruits.
Not reassessed by Tanai & Wolfe (1977)[42]

Ulmus newberryi

Ulmus moorei

Chaney & Elias

An Elm species

Ulmus speciosa

Newberry

  • Grand Coulee[42]
  • Spokane[42]
  • Whitebird[42]
  • Misc-Arrow junction

An Elm species

Ulmus speciosa

Zelkova

Zelkova browni[42]

Tanai & Wolfe

  • Spokane

An Elm species

Zelkova browni

Superrosids - Malvids

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images

Lythraceae

Trapa

Trapa americana

Knowlton

A water caltrop species

Malvaceae

Florissantia

Florissantia speirii

(Lesquereux) MacGinitie

  • Spokane

A malvalean flower.

Tilia

Tilia aspera

(Newberry) LaMotte

A linden species

Tilia aspera

Meliaceae

Cedrela

Cedrela pteraformis

(Berry) Brown

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Grand Coulee
  • Misc-Juliaetta[10]
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird[10]

A Cedrela.

Cedrela pteraformis

Rutaceae

Ptelea

Ptelea miocenica[17]

Berry

A Ptelea species

Ptelea miocenica
Sapindaceae Acer

Acer browni

Wolfe & Tanai

  • Spokane - Veradale

An Acer species

Acer busamarum subsp. fingerrockense

Wolfe & Tanai

  • Clarkia

An Acer species

Acer chaneyi

Knowlton

  • Clarkia
  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Misc-Juliaetta[38]
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane - Veradale

An Acer species

Acer chaneyi

Acer knolli

Wolfe & Tanai

  • Spokane

An Acer species

Acer knolli

Acer latahense

Wolfe & Tanai

  • Spokane - Veradale

An Acer species

Acer medianum

Knowlton

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

An Acer species

Acer niklasi

Wolfe & Tanai

  • Clarkia
  • Spokane

An Acer species

Acer smileyi

Wolfe & Tanai

  • Clarkia

An Acer species

Acer tigilense

Chelebaeva

  • Spokane

An Acer species

Acer tigilense

Acer whitebirdense

(Ashlee) Wolfe & Tanai

An Acer species

Dilodendron

Dilodendron boreale[5]

Brown

  • Spokane

A Dilodendron species

incertae sedis

[edit]
Family Genus Species Author Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Incertae sedis Carpites

Carpites boraginoides

Knowlton

  • Coeur d'Alene
  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane
  • Whitebird

Seeds or nutlets of uncertain affinity
Possibly boraginaceous or malvaceous?

Carpites boraginoides

Carpites ginkgoides

Knowlton

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A fruit/seed on a "fleshy" axis
Strongly similar to modern Gingko biloba fruits.

Carpites ginkgoides

Carpites polygonoides

Knowlton

  • Spokane

Possible seeds or fruits
Reminiscent of Rumex fruits

Carpites polygonoides

Carpites spokanensis

Knowlton

  • Grand Coulee
  • Spokane

A seed or other reproductive organ
Brown suggested as bud scales

Carpites spokanensis

Ozakia

Ozakia emryi[44]

Manchester & Uemura

  • Misc - Emerald Creek

A winged fruit
An eudicot of uncertain affinity

Insects

[edit]
Order Family Genus Species Year named Florule Notes Images
Blattodea

Hodotermitidae

Ulmeriella

Ulmeriella latahensis

Snyder, 1949

A harvester termite

Kalotermitidae

Eotermes

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

drywood termite
Not described to species

Stylotermitidae

Parastylotermes

Parastylotermes washingtonensis[47]

(Snyder, 1931)

  • Spokane

A Stylotermitid termite
First named as Stylotermes washingtonensis

Coleoptera

Anthribidae

Unidentified

Unidentified[12]

"Smiley et al. 1975"

  • Clarkia

Two partial adults

Carabidae

Calosoma

Calosoma fernquisti

Cockerell, 1925

  • Spokane-Deep Creek[48]

A carabid ground beetle

Pterostichus

Pterostichus fernquisti

Wickham, 1931

  • Spokane

A carabid ground beetle

Dytiscidae

Dytiscus

Dytiscus latahensis

Wickham, 1931

  • Spokane

A predaceous diving beetle

Elateridae

Unidentified

Unidentified[12]

"Smiley et al. 1975"

  • Clarkia

Two partial adults

Scarabaeidae

Unidentified

Unidentified[12]

"Smiley et al. 1975"

  • Clarkia

A single whole adult.

Diptera

Anisopodidae

Sylvicola

Sylvicola carolae

(Lewis) Evenhuis, 1994

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A wood gnat
First described as Anisopus carolae (1969)

Bombyliidae

Anthrax

Anthrax dentoni

Lewis, 1969

  • Spokane

A bee fly

Bibionidae Bibio

Bibio latahensis

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A march fly

Bibio testeus

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A march fly

Indeterminate

1969

  • Spokane

An unidentified march fly

Bolitophilidae?

Bolitophila?

Bolitophila pulveris

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A bolitophilid gnat
Considered nomen dubium

Mycetophilidae

Boletina

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

An exechian fungus gnat

Exechia

Exechia juliaetta

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

An exechian fungus gnat

Rymosia

Rymosia miocenica

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A rymosian fungus gnat

Indeterminate

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified mycetophiline and mycetophilid fugus gnats

Sciaridae

Sciara

Sciara sepulta

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A sciarid fungus gnat

Tipulidae

Tipula

Tipula latahensis

Lewis, 1969

  • Spokane

A Tipulid cranefly

Hemiptera

Pentatomidae

Hymenarcys

Hymenarcys cridlandi

Lewis, 1969

  • Spokane

A pentatomid shield bug

Saldidae

Propentacora

Propentacora froeschneri[49]

(Lewis) Polhemus, 1985

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A shore bug
First described as Oreokora froeschneri (1969)

Tessaratomidae

Latahcoris

Latahcoris spectatus

Cockerell, 1931

A tessaratomid giant stink bug

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Bombus

Bombus proavus

Cockerell, 1931

  • SpokaneTL
  • Misc-Juliaetta

A Bumblebee

Formicidae

Camponotus

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified carpenter ants

Dolichoderus

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified Dolichoderus species ants

Lasius

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified Lasius species ants

Messor ?

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified possible Messor species ants

Indeterminate

Indeterminate

1931

Unidentified ants

Ichneumonidae

Periope

Periope ivesi

Lewis, 1969

  • Spokane

A metopiine ichneumonid wasp

Sphecophaga

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A metopiine ichneumonid wasp

Indeterminate

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified cryptine ichneumonid wasps

Indeterminate

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified [pimpline ichneumonid wasps

Megachilidae

Indeterminate

Indeterminate[46]

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified megachiline carpenter bees

Tenthredinidae

Macrophya

Macrophya adventitia

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A tenthredinidae sawfly

Odonata

Corduliidae

Miocordulia

Miocordulia latipennis

Kennedy, 1931

A corduliid dragonfly

Macromiidae

Epophthalmia

Epophthalmia biordinata

Lewis, 1969

  • Spokane

A macromiid skimmer
Possibly a species of Macromia[52]

indeterminate

Indeterminate

Indeterminate

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

Unidentified dragonflies

Orthoptera

Tettigoniidae

Undescribed

Undescribed[12]

"Smiley et al. 1975"

  • Clarkia

Partial katydid specimens

Plecoptera

Leuctridae

Megaleuctra

Megaleuctra jewetti

Lewis, 1969

  • Misc-Juliaetta

A rolled-wing stonefly

Trichoptera Limnephilidae

Limnephilus

Indeterminate

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

An unidentified northern caddisfly

Miopsyche

Miopsyche alexanderi

Carpenter, 1931

A northern caddisfly

Miopsyche martynovi

Carpenter, 1931

A northern caddisfly

Indeterminate[12]

1990

  • Clarkia
  • Misc-Juliaetta

An unidentified northern caddisfly

Phryganeidae

Folindusia

Folindusia miocenica

Berry, 1928

  • Spokane

A phryganeid giant caddisfly larval case indusigenus

Phryganea

Phryganea spokanensis

Carpenter, 1931

A giant caddisfly

Indeterminate

1990

  • Misc-Juliaetta

An unidentified giant caddisfly

Fish

[edit]
Family Genus Species Florule Year named Notes Images

Centrarchidae

Archoplites

Archoplites clarki[54]

  • Clarkia

Smith & Miller, 1985

A sun fish

Leuciscidae

Gila

Unnamed[54]

  • Clarkia

Possibly 2 species of western chub

Salmonidae

Cf. Hucho

Unnamed[54]

  • Clarkia

An unnamed salmonid
First described as a taimen, later noted to be similar to but not in Hucho[55]

Unidentified

Unidentified

Unidentified[4]

  • Spokane?
  • Misc-Weiser[10]
  • Misc-Juliaetta[10]
  • Misc-N of Lewiston[10]

Isolated scales and vertebrae
Suggested to be Leuciscus possibly the same as Leuciscus turneri[4]

"fish scales"

Mammals

[edit]
Family Genus Species Florule Year named Notes Images

Sciuridae

incertae sedis

incertae sedis

Clarkia

"2018"

The first tetrapod from Clarkia

Clarkia Sciuridae specimen
Burke Museum #UWBM 113209

Algae

[edit]

An initial survey of Latah Formation diatoms was conduced by Albert Mann at the behest of Frank Hall Knowlton. Based on sample material recovered from a well 0.25 mi (0.40 km) west of Mica, Washington, itself southeast of Spokane, Mann identified a large number of diatomaceous species, including 10 new species. Mann noted the diatoms appear to have lived under stressed conditions caused by caustic water, with many of the specimens showing malformed shapes or blurred ornamentations. The typical cause of this in diatoms is a high concentration of dissolved mineral salts in the water body.[56]

Family Genus Species Author/year Florule Notes Synonyms Images
Amphipleuraceae

Amphipleura

Amphipleura oregonica[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

An amphipleuraceous diatom

Frustulia

Frustulia rhomboides[56]

(Ehrenberg) De Toni

  • Spokane

An amphipleuraceous diatom

Frustulia rhomboides
Aulacoseiraceae Aulacoseira

Aulacoseira distans[56]

(Ehrenberg) Simonsen

  • Spokane

A aulacoseiraceous diatom

Aulacoseira granulata[56]

(Ehrenberg) Simonsen

  • Spokane

A aulacoseiraceous diatom

Cavinulaceae

Cavinula

Cavinula scutiformis[56]

(Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann & A.J.Stickle

  • Spokane

A cavinulaceous diatom

Coscinodiscaceae

Coscinodiscus

Coscinodiscus subaulacodiscoidalis[56]

Rattray

  • Spokane

A coscinodiscaceous diatom

Coscinodiscus subaulacodiscoidalis
Cymbellaceae Cymbella

Cymbella americana[56]

A.W.F.Schmidt

  • Spokane

A cymbellaceous diatom

Cymbella americana

Cymbella amphicephala[56]

Näegeli

  • Spokane

A cymbellaceous diatom

Cymbella flexella[56]

Kützing

  • Spokane

A cymbellaceous diatom

Cymbella lunula[56]

(Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst

  • Spokane

A cymbellaceous diatom

Cymbella partita[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A cymbellaceous diatom

Cymbella partita

Cymbella sagittarius[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A cymbellaceous diatom

Cymbella sagittarius
Eunotiaceae

Actinella

Actinella brasiliensis[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A eunotiaceous diatom

Desmogonium

Desmogonium rabenhorstianum[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A eunotiaceous diatom

Eunotia

Eunotia incisa[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A eunotiaceous diatom

Eunotia parallela[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A eunotiaceous diatom

Eunotia pectinalis[56]

(Kuetzing) Rabenhorst

  • Spokane

A eunotiaceous diatom

Eunotia robusta[56]

Ralfs

  • Spokane

A eunotiaceous diatom
Varieties E. r. var. diadema & E. r. var. papilio

Fragilariaceae Fragilaria

Fragilaria constricta[56]

(A.Cleve) Hustedt

  • Spokane

A fragilariaceous diatom
Form Fragilaria constricta f. stricta

Fragilaria binalis[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A fragilariaceous diatom

Gomphonemataceae Gomphonema

Gomphonema acuminatum[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A gomphonemataceous diatom

Gomphonema gracile[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A gomphonemataceous diatom

Gomphonema parvulum[56]

(Kützing) Kützing

  • Spokane

A gomphonemataceous diatom

Melosiraceae Melosira

Melosira biseriata[56]

(Ehrenberg) Schmidt

  • Spokane

A melosiraceous diatom

Melosira lyrata[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A melosiraceous diatom

Melosira teres[56]

Brun

  • Spokane

A melosiraceous diatom

Melosira undulata[56]

(Ehrenberg) Kützing

  • Spokane

A melosiraceous diatom

Naviculaceae

Caloneis

Caloneis westii[56]

(W.Smith) Hendey

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula

Navicula americana[56]

F.W. Mills

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula angusta[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula bacillum[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula commutata[56]

Grunow ex A.Schmidt

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula contendens[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula contendens

Navicula elegans[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula instabilis[56]

A.Schmidt

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula pauper[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

[[[Navicula pauper]]

Navicula placentula[56]

Pantocsek

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula pontifica[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula pontifica

Navicula protrudens[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula protrudens

Navicula pseudoaffinis[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula pseudoaffinis

Navicula pseudobacillum[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula pusilla[56]

Donkin

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula radiosa[56]

Kützing

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula reversa[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula reversa

Navicula stauroptera[56]

Schumann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula subacuta[56]

(Ehrenberg) Ralfs

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula substauroneis[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula substauroneis

Navicula tabellaria[56]

(Ehrenberg) Kützing

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula transversa[56]

A.Schmidt

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula viridis[56]

(Nitzsch) Kutzing

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Neidiaceae Neidium

Neidium dubium[56]

(Ehrenberg) Cleve

  • Spokane

A neidiaceous diatom

Neidium iridescens[56]

(Mann) VanLandingham

  • Spokane

A naviculaceous diatom

Navicula iridescens

Neidium iridescens

Neidium iridis[56]

(Ehrenberg) Cleve

  • Spokane

A neidiaceous diatom

Pinnulariaceae Pinnularia

Pinnularia gibba[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Pinnularia gracillima[56]

W.Gregory

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Pinnularia gracillima

Pinnularia major[56]

(Kützing) Rabenhorst

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Pinnularia mesotyla[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Pinnularia nodosa[56]

(Ehrenberg) W.Smith

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Pinnularia rupestris[56]

Hantzsch

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Pinnularia subcapitata[56]

W.Gregory

  • Spokane

A pinnulariaceous diatom

Stauroneidaceae Stauroneis

Stauroneis acutissima[56]

Mann

  • Spokane

A stauroneidaceous diatom

Stauroneis acutissima

Stauroneis anceps[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A stauroneidaceous diatom

Stauroneis anceps

Stauroneis phoenicenteron[56]

(Nitzsch) Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A stauroneidaceous diatom

Stauroneis phoenicenteron
Surirellaceae Surirella

Surirella bifrons[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A surirellaceous diatom

Surirella inducta[56]

A.W.F.Schmidt

  • Spokane

A surirellaceous diatom

Surirella striatula[56]

Turpin

  • Spokane

A surirellaceous diatom

Tabellariaceae Tabellaria

Tabellaria fenestrata[56]

(Lyngbye) Kützing

  • Spokane

A tabellariaceous diatom

Tabellaria flocculosa[56]

(Roth) Kützing

  • Spokane

A tabellariaceous diatom

Tetracyclus

Tetracyclus ellipticus[56]

(Ehrenberg) Grunow

  • Spokane

A tabellariaceous diatom

Tetracyclus lacustris[56]

Ralfs

  • Spokane

A tabellariaceous diatom

incertae sedis Diatoma

Diatoma grande[56]

W. Smith

  • Spokane

A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation

Diatoma tenue var. hybrida[56]

Grunow

  • Spokane

A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation

Diatoma vulgaris[56]

Bory de Saint-Vincent

  • Spokane

A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation

Gomphogramma

Gomphogramma rupestre[56]

(Kützing) Braun in Rabenhorst

  • Spokane

A bacillariophyceopus diatom of uncertain affiliation

Himantidium

Himantidium faba[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation

Himantidium gracile[56]

Ehrenberg

  • Spokane

A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation

Himantidium gracile

Himantidium minus[56]

Kützing

  • Spokane

A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation

Referecnes

[edit]
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  2. ^ Calede, J.; Orcutt, J.; Kehl, W.; Richards, B. (2018). "The first tetrapod from the mid-Miocene Clarkia lagerstätte (Idaho, USA)". PeerJ. 6 (e4880): e4880. doi:10.7717/peerj.4880. PMC 5995101. PMID 29900070.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Berry, E.W. (1929). A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154h. 154-H.
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  39. ^ Burge, D.O.; Manchester, S.R. (2008). "Fruit morphology, fossil history, and biogeography of Paliurus (Rhamnaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 169 (8): 1066–1085.
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