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Family Rallidae - Rails, Crakes & Coots [1]

Sequence of Rallidae follows Garcia-R et al. (2020; with modifications from Kirchman 2012; Garcia-R et al. 2014; Boast et al. 2019; Stervander et al. 2019; Brown et al. 2022). Sequence of North and Middle American taxa agrees with that accepted by Chesser et al. (2020).

Rallidae   genera: 43
Rallidae   species: 152
Rallidae   subspecies: 195

Rallidae   Breeding Range: IO, PO, SA, MA, AO, AF, PAL, NA, OR, AU [2]

Rallidae

[edit]
Common name Species + authority Br.
range
au yr id
Grey-throated rail Canirallus oculeus (Hartlaub, 1855) AF Hart 1855 1
Ash-throated crake Mustelirallus albicollis (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 2
Paint-billed crake Mustelirallus erythrops (Sclater, PL, 1867) SA Scla 1867 3
Colombian crake Mustelirallus colombianus (Bangs, 1898) MA SA Bang 1898 4
Zapata rail Mustelirallus cerverai (Barbour & Peters, JL, 1927) NA Barb 1927 5
Spotted rail Pardirallus maculatus (Boddaert, 1783) MA SA Bodd 1783 6
Blackish rail Pardirallus nigricans (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 7
Plumbeous rail Pardirallus sanguinolentus (Swainson, 1838) SA Swai 1838 8
Uniform crake Amaurolimnas concolor (Gosse, 1847) MA SA Goss 1847 9
Rufous-necked wood rail Aramides axillaris Lawrence, 1863 MA SA Lawr 1863 10
Little wood rail Aramides mangle (Spix, 1825) SA Spix 1825 11
Russet-naped wood rail Aramides albiventris Lawrence, 1868 MA Lawr 1868 12
Grey-cowled wood rail Aramides cajaneus (Müller, PLS, 1776) MA SA Müll 1776 13
Brown wood rail Aramides wolfi Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884 SA Berl 1884 14
Giant wood rail Aramides ypecaha (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 15
Red-winged wood rail Aramides calopterus Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1878 SA Scla 1878 16
Slaty-breasted wood rail Aramides saracura (Spix, 1825) SA Spix 1825 17
Ridgway's rail Rallus obsoletus Ridgway, 1874 MA NA Ridg 1874 18
Clapper rail Rallus crepitans Gmelin, JF, 1789 MA NA Gmel 1789 19
Aztec rail Rallus tenuirostris Ridgway, 1874 MA Ridg 1874 20
Mangrove rail Rallus longirostris Boddaert, 1783 MA SA Bodd 1783 21
King rail Rallus elegans Audubon, 1834 MA NA Audu 1834 22
Plain-flanked rail Rallus wetmorei Zimmer, JT & Phelps, WH, 1944 SA Zimm 1944 23
Virginia rail Rallus limicola Vieillot, 1819 NA Viei 1819 24
Bogota rail Rallus semiplumbeus Sclater, PL, 1856 SA Scla 1856 25
Ecuadorian rail Rallus aequatorialis Sharpe, 1894 SA Shar 1894 26
Austral rail Rallus antarcticus King, PP, 1828 SA King 1828 27
Water rail Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 PAL Linn 1758 28
Brown-cheeked rail Rallus indicus Blyth, 1849 PAL Blyt 1849 29
African rail Rallus caerulescens Gmelin, JF, 1789 AF Gmel 1789 30
Madagascar rail Rallus madagascariensis Verreaux, J, 1833 AF Verr 1833 31
African crake Crecopsis egregia (Peters, W, 1854) AF Pete 1854 32
Rouget's rail Rougetius rougetii (Guérin-Méneville, 1843) AF Guér 1843 33
White-throated rail Dryolimnas cuvieri (Pucheran, 1845) AF IO Puch 1845 34
Reunion rail Dryolimnas augusti Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Ribes & Moutou, 1999 IO Mour 1999 35
Corn crake Crex crex (Linnaeus, 1758) PAL Linn 1758 36
Snoring rail Aramidopsis plateni (Blasius, W, 1886) AU Blas 1886 37
Slaty-breasted rail Lewinia striata (Linnaeus, 1766) AU OR Linn 1766 38
Brown-banded rail Lewinia mirifica (Parkes & Amadon, 1959) OR Park 1959 39
Lewin's rail Lewinia pectoralis (Temminck, 1831) AU Temm 1831 40
Auckland rail Lewinia muelleri (Rothschild, 1893) AU Roth 1893 41
Hawkins's rail Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi (Forbes, HO, 1892) AU Forb 1892 42
Calayan rail Aptenorallus calayanensis (Allen, D, Oliveros, Española, Broad & Gonzalez, 2004) OR Alle 2004 43
Invisible rail Habroptila wallacii Gray, GR, 1861 AU Gray 1861 44
Weka Gallirallus australis (Sparrman, 1786) AU Spar 1786 45
Chestnut rail Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould, 1844 AU Goul 1844 46
New Caledonian rail Cabalus lafresnayanus (Verreaux, J & des Murs, 1860) AU Verr 1860 47
Chatham rail Cabalus modestus (Hutton, FW, 1872) AU Hutt 1872 48
Okinawa rail Hypotaenidia okinawae (Yamashina & Mano, 1981) PAL Yama 1981 49
Barred rail Hypotaenidia torquata (Linnaeus, 1766) AU Linn 1766 50
Buff-banded rail Hypotaenidia philippensis (Linnaeus, 1766) AU PO Linn 1766 51
Guam rail Hypotaenidia owstoni Rothschild, 1895 PO Roth 1895 52
Pink-legged rail Hypotaenidia insignis (Sclater, PL, 1880) AU Scla 1880 53
Roviana rail Hypotaenidia rovianae (Diamond, 1991) AU Diam 1991 54
Woodford's rail Hypotaenidia woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1889) AU Ogil 1889 55
Bar-winged rail Hypotaenidia poeciloptera (Hartlaub, 1866) PO Hart 1866 56
Lord Howe woodhen Hypotaenidia sylvestris (Sclater, PL, 1870) AU Scla 1870 57
Dieffenbach's rail Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii (Gray, GR, 1843) AU Gray 1843 58
Tahiti rail Hypotaenidia pacifica (Gmelin, JF, 1789) PO Gmel 1789 59
Wake Island rail Hypotaenidia wakensis Rothschild, 1903 PO Roth 1903 60
Spot-flanked gallinule Porphyriops melanops (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 61
Sora Porzana carolina (Linnaeus, 1758) NA Linn 1758 62
Spotted crake Porzana porzana (Linnaeus, 1766) PAL Linn 1766 63
Australian crake Porzana fluminea Gould, 1843 AU Goul 1843 64
Black-tailed nativehen Tribonyx ventralis (Gould, 1837) AU Goul 1837 65
Tasmanian nativehen Tribonyx mortierii Du Bus de Gisignies, 1840 AU Bus 1840 66
Lesser moorhen Paragallinula angulata (Sundevall, 1850) AF Sund 1850 67
Dusky moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa Gould, 1846 AU Goul 1846 68
Common gallinule Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1818) NA SA PO Lich 1818 69
Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) AF OR IO PO PAL Linn 1758 70
Tristan moorhen Gallinula nesiotis Sclater, PL, 1861 AO Scla 1861 71
Gough moorhen Gallinula comeri (Allen, JA, 1892) AO Alle 1892 72
Makira woodhen Gallinula silvestris (Mayr, 1933) AU Mayr 1933 73
Samoan woodhen Gallinula pacifica (Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871) PO Hart 1871 74
Red-fronted coot Fulica rufifrons Philippi & Landbeck, 1861 SA Phil 1861 75
Horned coot Fulica cornuta Bonaparte, 1853 SA Bona 1853 76
Giant coot Fulica gigantea Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841 SA Eydo 1841 77
Red-gartered coot Fulica armillata Vieillot, 1817 SA Viei 1817 78
Eurasian coot Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 AU OR PAL Linn 1758 79
Red-knobbed coot Fulica cristata Gmelin, JF, 1789 AF PAL Gmel 1789 80
Mascarene coot Fulica newtonii Milne-Edwards, 1867 IO Miln 1867 81
Hawaiian coot Fulica alai Peale, 1849 PO Peal 1849 82
American coot Fulica americana Gmelin, JF, 1789 MA NA SA Gmel 1789 83
Andean coot Fulica ardesiaca Tschudi, 1843 SA Tsch 1843 84
White-winged coot Fulica leucoptera Vieillot, 1817 SA Viei 1817 85
Allen's gallinule Porphyrio alleni Thomson, 1842 AF Thom 1842 86
Purple gallinule Porphyrio martinica (Linnaeus, 1766) MA NA SA Linn 1766 87
Azure gallinule Porphyrio flavirostris (Gmelin, JF, 1789) SA Gmel 1789 88
Western swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758) AF PAL Linn 1758 89
African swamphen Porphyrio madagascariensis (Latham, 1801) AF Lath 1801 90
Grey-headed swamphen Porphyrio poliocephalus (Latham, 1801) OR PAL Lath 1801 91
Black-backed swamphen Porphyrio indicus Horsfield, 1821 AU OR Hors 1821 92
Philippine swamphen Porphyrio pulverulentus Temminck, 1826 OR Temm 1826 93
Australasian swamphen Porphyrio melanotus Temminck, 1820 AU PO Temm 1820 94
White swamphen Porphyrio albus (Shaw, 1790) AU Shaw 1790 95
North Island takahe Porphyrio mantelli (Owen, 1848) AU Owen 1848 96
South Island takahe Porphyrio hochstetteri (Meyer, AB, 1883) AU Meye 1883 97
Ocellated crake Micropygia schomburgkii (Schomburgk, 1848) SA Scho 1848 98
Russet-crowned crake Rufirallus viridis (Müller, PLS, 1776) SA Müll 1776 99
Chestnut-headed crake Rufirallus castaneiceps (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869) SA Scla 1869 100
Swinhoe's rail Coturnicops exquisitus (Swinhoe, 1873) PAL Swin 1873 101
Yellow rail Coturnicops noveboracensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) NA Gmel 1789 102
Speckled rail Coturnicops notatus (Gould, 1841) SA Goul 1841 103
Yellow-breasted crake Laterallus flaviventer (Boddaert, 1783) MA NA SA Bodd 1783 104
Black rail Laterallus jamaicensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) MA NA SA Gmel 1789 105
Galapagos crake Laterallus spilonota (Gould, 1841) SA Goul 1841 106
Dot-winged crake Laterallus spiloptera (Durnford, 1877) SA Durn 1877 107
Inaccessible Island rail Laterallus rogersi (Lowe, 1923) AO Lowe 1923 108
Ruddy crake Laterallus ruber (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1860) MA Scla 1860 109
Rufous-sided crake Laterallus melanophaius (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 110
Rusty-flanked crake Laterallus levraudi (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869) SA Scla 1869 111
Rufous-faced crake Laterallus xenopterus Conover, 1934 SA Cono 1934 112
Red-and-white crake Laterallus leucopyrrhus (Vieillot, 1819) SA Viei 1819 113
Grey-breasted crake Laterallus exilis (Temminck, 1831) MA SA Temm 1831 114
White-throated crake Laterallus albigularis (Lawrence, 1861) MA SA Lawr 1861 115
Black-banded crake Laterallus fasciatus (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868) SA Scla 1868 116
Ascension crake Mundia elpenor (Olson, 1973) AO Olso 1973 117
St. Helena rail Aphanocrex podarces Wetmore, 1963 AO Wetm 1963 118
Black crake Zapornia flavirostra (Swainson, 1837) AF Swai 1837 119
Sakalava rail Zapornia olivieri (Grandidier, G & Berlioz, 1929) AF Gran 1929 120
Ruddy-breasted crake Zapornia fusca (Linnaeus, 1766) OR Linn 1766 121
Band-bellied crake Zapornia paykullii (Ljungh, 1813) PAL Ljun 1813 122
Black-tailed crake Zapornia bicolor (Walden, 1872) OR Wald 1872 123
Brown crake Zapornia akool (Sykes, 1832) OR Syke 1832 124
Baillon's crake Zapornia pusilla (Pallas, 1776) AU AF OR PAL Pall 1776 125
St. Helena crake Zapornia astrictocarpus (Olson, 1973) AO Olso 1973 126
Little crake Zapornia parva (Scopoli, 1769) PAL Scop 1769 127
Spotless crake Zapornia tabuensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AU OR Gmel 1789 128
Kosrae crake Zapornia monasa (Kittlitz, 1858) PO Kitt 1858 129
Tahiti crake Zapornia nigra (Miller, JF, 1784) PO Mill 1784 130
Henderson crake Zapornia atra (North, 1908) PO Nort 1908 131
Hawaiian rail Zapornia sandwichensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) PO Gmel 1789 132
Laysan rail Zapornia palmeri (Frohawk, 1892) PO Froh 1892 133
Slaty-legged crake Rallina eurizonoides (Lafresnaye, 1845) AU OR Lafr 1845 134
Andaman crake Rallina canningi (Blyth, 1863) OR Blyt 1863 135
Red-legged crake Rallina fasciata (Raffles, 1822) OR Raff 1822 136
Red-necked crake Rallina tricolor Gray, GR, 1858 AU Gray 1858 137
Blue-faced rail Gymnocrex rosenbergii (Schlegel, 1866) AU Schl 1866 138
Talaud rail Gymnocrex talaudensis Lambert, 1998 AU Lamb 1998 139
Bare-eyed rail Gymnocrex plumbeiventris (Gray, GR, 1862) AU Gray 1862 140
Nkulengu rail Himantornis haematopus Hartlaub, 1855 AF Hart 1855 141
New Guinea flightless rail Megacrex inepta D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879 AU Albe 1879 142
White-browed crake Poliolimnas cinereus (Vieillot, 1819) AU OR Viei 1819 143
Striped crake Aenigmatolimnas marginalis (Hartlaub, 1857) AF Hart 1857 144
Watercock Gallicrex cinerea (Gmelin, JF, 1789) OR Gmel 1789 145
White-breasted waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769) AU OR Penn 1769 146
Plain bush-hen Amaurornis olivacea (Meyen, 1834) OR Meye 1834 147
Talaud bush-hen Amaurornis magnirostris Lambert, 1998 AU Lamb 1998 148
Isabelline bush-hen Amaurornis isabellina (Schlegel, 1865) AU Schl 1865 149
Pale-vented bush-hen Amaurornis moluccana (Wallace, 1865) AU Wall 1865 150
Red rail Aphanapteryx bonasia (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1848) IO Sély 1848 151
Rodrigues rail Erythromachus leguati Milne-Edwards, 1873 IO Miln 1873 152


Rallidae genera

[edit]
Genus + authority spp Br.
range
au yr id Comment
Canirallus Bonaparte, 1856 1 AF Bona 1856 1
Mustelirallus Bonaparte, 1856 4 NA MA SA Bona 1856 2 Mustelirallus is resurrected for Ash-throated Crake, formerly included in Porzana, but which is closest to Neocrex and other members of the Aramides clade (Garcia-R et al. 2014; SACC 650). Expand Mustelirallus to include species formerly assigned to Neocrex and Cyanolimnas which is supported by phylogenetic analyses and some morphological features (Garcia-R et al. 2014, 2021; Brown et al. 2022; Depino et al. 2023; Chesser et al. 2023).
Pardirallus Bonaparte, 1856 3 MA SA Bona 1856 3
Amaurolimnas Sharpe, 1893 1 MA SA Shar 1893 4
Aramides Pucheran, 1845 8 MA SA Puch 1845 5
Rallus Linnaeus, 1758 14 NA AF PAL MA SA Linn 1758 6
Crecopsis Sharpe, 1893 1 AF Shar 1893 7
Rougetius Bonaparte, 1856 1 AF Bona 1856 8
Dryolimnas Sharpe, 1893 2 AF IO Shar 1893 9
Crex Bechstein, 1803 1 PAL Bech 1803 10
Aramidopsis Sharpe, 1893 1 AU Shar 1893 11
Lewinia Gray, GR, 1855 4 OR AU Gray 1855 12
Aptenorallus Kirchman, McInerney, Giarla, Olson, Slikas & Fleischer, RC, 2021 1 OR Kirc 2021 14 Gen. nov.: Aptenorallus is a newly described genus for the phylogenetically distinct Calayan Rail formerly placed in Gallirallus (Kirchman et al. 2021; Kirchman 2021).
Habroptila Gray, GR, 1861 1 AU Gray 1861 15
Gallirallus Lafresnaye, 1841 1 AU Lafr 1841 16
Eulabeornis Gould, 1844 1 AU Goul 1844 17
Cabalus Hutton, FW, 1874 2 AU Hutt 1874 18 Recognition of this genus and its order in the sequence follows Kirchman (2012) and Dickinson & Remsen (2013). May be embedded within Hypotaenidia (Boast et al. 2019).
Hypotaenidia Reichenbach, 1853 12 AU PO PAL Reic 1853 19 The species in Hypotaenidia are often included in Gallirallus s.l., but the sequence in Kirchman (2012) shows them to be paraphyletic to Gallirallus s.s. Recognition follows Dickinson & Remsen (2013). Includes Nesoclopeus.
Porphyriops Pucheran, 1845 1 SA Puch 1845 20
Porzana Vieillot, 1816 3 AU NA PAL Viei 1816 21 Revisions of Porzana crakes include separation of twelve species to Zapornia, and others to Mustelirallus, Laterallus and Poliolimnas (Slikas et al. 2002; H&M 4; Garcia-R et al. 2014, 2020; Boast et al. 2019; Stervander et al. 2019; SACC 650).
Tribonyx Du Bus de Gisignies, 1840 2 AU Du 1840 22 Two species of nativehen are moved from Gallinula to Tribonyx (Livezey 1998; Christidis & Boles 2008).
Paragallinula Sangster, Garcia-R & Trewick, 2015 1 AF Sang 2015 23 Move Lesser Moorhen from Gallinula to monotypic Paragallinula (García-R et al. 2014; Sangster et al. 2015).
Gallinula Brisson, 1760 7 OR AU AO NA AF IO PO PAL SA Bris 1760 24
Fulica Linnaeus, 1758 11 OR AU NA AF IO PO PAL MA SA Linn 1758 25
Porphyrio Brisson, 1760 12 OR AU NA AF PO PAL MA SA Bris 1760 26
Micropygia Bonaparte, 1856 1 SA Bona 1856 27
Rufirallus Bonaparte, 1856 2 SA Bona 1856 28 The genus Rufirallus Bonaparte, 1856 has priority over Anurolimnas Sharpe, 1893 when Chestnut-headed Crake and Russet-crowned Crake are treated as congeneric (Dickinson & Remsen 2013; HBW; Garcia-R et al. 2020).
Coturnicops Gray, GR, 1855 3 NA PAL SA Gray 1855 29
Laterallus Gray, GR, 1855 13 AO NA MA SA Gray 1855 30 Recent phylogenies show that Laterallus is paraphyletic relative to Yellow-breasted Crake (Garcia-R et al. 2014; Stervander et al. 2019). One solution is to treat Yellow-breasted Crake in its own monotypic genus Hapalocrex Ridgway, 1920 and separate out the "American Black" clade of Laterallus (which includes jamaicensis, spilonota, spiloptera, and rogersi) as Creciscus Cabanis, 1857 (Stervander et al. 2019).


Zapornia Leach, 1816 15 OR AU AO AF PO PAL Leac 1816 33 Zapornia includes species formerly assigned to Porzana and Amaurornis (Slikas et al. 2002; Dickinson & Remsen 2013;  Stervander et al. 2019, Garcia-R et al. 2014; Boast et al. 2019).
Rallina Gray, GR, 1846 4 OR AU Gray 1846 34
Gymnocrex Salvadori, 1875 3 AU Salv 1875 35
Himantornis Hartlaub, 1855 1 AF Hart 1855 36
Megacrex D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879 1 AU Albe 1879 37
Poliolimnas Sharpe, 1893 1 OR AU Shar 1893 38
Aenigmatolimnas Peters, JL, 1932 1 AF Pete 1932 39
Gallicrex Blyth, 1852 1 OR Blyt 1852 40 Sequence between Aenigmatolimnas and Amaurornis is consistent with recent phylogenetic studies (Garcia-R et al. 2020).
Amaurornis Reichenbach, 1853 5 OR AU Reic 1853 41 Revision of three species of Amaurornis (akool, flavirostra, olivieri) to Zapornia (Slikas et al. 2002; H&M 4; Stervander et al. 2019).



References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.2). https://www.worldbirdnames.org
  2. ^ IOC Ranges