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Further information: List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe

http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/learn-about-the-weather/how-weather-works/highs-and-lows/pressure The following is a list of atmospheric pressure records in Europe and the extra-tropical Atlantic on synoptic scale (it does not include localised events, such as those which may occur in tornados).

Average pressure of 1013 hPa extreme high values 55 hPa above this, while extreme lows are around 100 hPa lower than average.

Polar_front How powerful a low pressure is, depends mainly on how much the temperature difference between the cold and the hot air is. During the autumn, the days begin to shorter and we receive even less heat from the sun. The polar regions get much less solar radiation than the areas around the equator because the solar angle is less than the poles at this time compared with the summer.North of the polar circle is dark. This gives a greater temperature difference and thus potential for more powerful low pressure.https://www.yr.no/artikkel/derfor-er-det-hoysesong-for-ekstremvaer-1.13861700

It is something of a paradox that extremely high values of atmospheric pressure occur, almost invariably, in winter. High pressure values are associated with anticyclones, and at the risk of over-simplification, one could say that these tend to form where the atmosphere, throughout its depth, is relatively cold. When this is so, the column of air above a particular spot will weigh more than a corresponding column elsewhere, and the extra weight causes the pressure at the surface to be higher than the average. For these reasons, summer anticyclones tend to form over relatively cool ocean areas; high pressure in wintertime, on the other hand, is more likely to be found over the cold continents

Record pressure variations see northwest Europe recording the lowest figures for the continent, while northeast Europe recorded the record high. Variation is less to the south and southwest of the continent.

Eurasian winter Blocking

Lamb (1972) reported that the zone of maximum pressure variability closely mirrors the main subpolar cyclone zone, with the highest mean dp(abs)24 values of 11 hPa in winter just off the Atlantic seaboard of Nova Scotia–Newfoundland and near East Greenland–Iceland, reflecting sharp temperature contrasts and pressure changes in these regions; in summer, in accordance with generally much less stormy conditions, the zone of highest mean dp(abs)24 was 6 hPa in the south of Hudson Bay.

The winter months of January is when the highest pressures and lowest pressures are seen, with the summer seeing a lower chance of extreme values.

almost all of these values ​​relate to the winter months. This is because the winter pressure records combine the two types of anticyclone, the thermal and the dynamic. To put it simply, the dynamic anticyclone is due to the subsidence of the air mass from the upper atmosphere; its standard model is the Azores anticyclone. The thermal anticyclone is linked to the weight of very cold and very dense air close to the ground; it does not usually find its trace at high altitude. This type of anticyclone is generally encountered winter on continental shields such as Russia or Canada, and ground pressures regularly exceed 1050 hPa. In winter, both effects usually combine, even if the air close to the ground is not extremely cold. In summer, however, convective ancestries tend to thwart dynamic subsidence and lower the pressure.

It is easy to assume that any truly intense midwinter anticyclone must be an offshoot of an intense ‘Siberian High’ ridging westwards; however, as these accounts show, the majority are more normally ‘Atlantic’ in origin...."in this summary, only the systems in January 1882, January 1907,January 1932 and January 1992 were of thistype. The remaining events developed over the Atlantic as travelling anticyclonesbetween intense depressions (January 1896,January 1957, February 1964) or more locally in the wake of a depression plungingsouth-eastwards across the North Sea (January 1902, December 1926). The systemin January 1905 was a hybrid, in thatalthough it presented as a ‘Continental’ anticyclone,the original high pressure system was of Atlantic origin.

The highest air pressure is achieved in the winter of areas far from the sea. Here cooler ground of without Sun's warming rays, whereby the air takes up less space. Further up in the atmosphere, the space filled by the inflowing air, whereby the total weight of the air above the area becomes higher.-http://illvid.dk/fysik/hvad-er-rekorderne-for-lufttryk

relationship between intense lows and highs... national records for Norway and Denmark in same winter, 2016 October high preceded by 2nd lowest September low in Sweden etc... the development of a series of intense depressions can lead to the rapid intensification of travelling anticyclones, and where both are embedded in a mobile flow rapid changes in atmospheric pressure can result as the systems pass over a point on the surface. Accounts of notable ranges in barometric pressure are harder to come by, but the following serve as examples: ● In January 1902, Aberdeen Observatory recorded a rise of almost 70 mbar in 88 hours, from 984.8 mbar at 0500 and 0600 GMT on 28 January to the British Isles highest of 1053.6 mbar at 2200 GMT on 31 January; ● In February 1938 Deerness, Orkney recorded 948.0 mbar on 1st followed by 1037.1 mbar on 19th, a range of 89.1 mbar within three weeks; ● In May 1943, Dublin recorded 971.0 mbar on 8 May followed by 1042.2 mbar on 16th, a rise of 71 mbar in eight days; ● In early 1962, Lerwick (Shetland) recorded 954.7 mbar on 11 January followed less than six weeks later by 1049.1 mbar on 23 February, a range of 94.4 mbar; ● In late January 1989, the barometric pressure reached 1045 mbar widely across southern England: on 25 February the pressure fell below 949 mbar at Portland, Dorset (see Part 1 for details), a range of 96 mbar in less than four weeks; ● In November–December 2005, the barometric pressure in parts of southwest England fell from 1038 mbar on 22 November to 964 mbar on 2 December before recovering to 1041 mbar on 11 December – a fall of 74 mbar in 10 days followed by a rise of 77 mbar in 9 days

Fox 1905. long noted high pressure follows 3 week period...etc

Lows Intense synoptic events are usually foreshadowed by large abnormalities in the general circulation for periods of a month or more beforehand. In other words, it would seem that these large scale anomalous circulation patterns have predisposed the atmosphere to favour singular events. This alteration can usually be seen in the midtropospheric flow patterns, their sea-level counterparts,and the associated anomalous sea surface temperature (SST)patterns. The mean flow patterns are statistical ensembles that indicate sizeable departures from normal in the prevailing character and intensity of anomalies of temperature, static stability, moisture, and other properties. Sanders and Gyakum in their formula for bomb cyclones note latitude is impt factor in deepening, noting that an equivalent intensification is dependent on latitude: at the poles this would be a drop in pressure of 28 mb/24 hours, while at 25 degrees latitude it would be only 12 mb/24 hours. All these rates qualify for what Sanders and Gyakum called "1 bergeron".

Cold winter anticyclones are those typically generate the greatest high surface pressures. The cold, heavy air stagnates at low levels. The absence of winds at these levels favors no exchange of air masses and displacement of the anticyclone. The powerful dorsal/back/ridge still maintaining the high pressure system in lower layers can be secured at different levels and extended to higher levels, say 500 to 300 hPa. All this generates widespread subsidence manifested in the form of sinking air at different levels. Subsidence eliminates any trace of clouds that prevent heat retention in lower layers, which together with the long, clear nights, generate a cooling of the Earth's surface had increased its clouds. There's a reason our old record was also set in December as it usually takes a cold, arctic air mass to make for our higher pressure readings -- the summer time heat ridges never get this close because warm air is less dense.

Over an average winter season the North Atlantic sees only one or two cases of storms developing below 950mb pressure. it is rare for pressure to rise above 1050 mb or fall below 950 mb.-http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/a/t/No._11_-_Weather_Charts.pdf

somewhat in the same fashion that low pressure systems sometime ‘bomb out’ along the Eastern Seaboard of the United States (and Northern Atlantic) after entraining, in their case, Gulf Stream moisture and Canadian cold, dry air.

North Atlantic oscillation

We observed that the Atlantic produced deeper HF cyclones (pressure wise) than the Pacific. We surmise that this is due to the higher baroclinicity (stronger temperature gradients) of the Atlantic compared to the Pacific. We also found that the Atlantic can produce weaker (pressure wise) HF storms than the Pacific. These are assumed to be due to the orographic influences of Greenland.-http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/april_05/cyclones.shtml

there is a distinct seasonal cycle in atmospheric pressure in Iceland, with winter minima: the month with the lowest mean pressure was January at 998.7 hPa; the highest was May at 1013.2 hPa. There are coherent semi-decadaloscillations in pressure, as indicated by running means (Figure 3). Similarly, the variance changes with timeon a semi-decadal basis (Figure 3). Spectral analysis shows no single dominant peak, but the 12 year peak is suggestive of solar activity, which is known to have an 11 year period, and is suggested in an 11.6 year period found in the GRIP ice core in Greenland (Johnsenet al., 1997) (Figure 4). lagged solar response Europe and Nth Atl.

http://www.ijmet.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/213.pdf Role of the Stratosphere in Explosive Deepening of Extratropical Cyclones

North Atlantic Oscillation scientists say in 150 years, 3/5 all time atmospheric pressure highs & 2/5 record lows occurred in last 10 years https://twitter.com/FranMcElhone/status/509960894433198081

This is also the reason why summer highs can never be so strong, because warm air is less dense than cold.https://www.wetteronline.de/wetternews/2017-02-08-he

low left high right.https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2019/7/7.html

strong contrast, strong jet stream https://www.scientias.nl/luchtdruk-in-nederland-momenteel-bijzonder-hoog/

Global record barometric pressure records

Highest

The World Meteorological Organisation Globally... Siberian high The world record The highest accepted adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia (66°53’N, 93°28’E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).

Highest air pressure ever recorded (above 750 meters): 1084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 19 December 2001. This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level. The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.

The normal high barometric pressure at the Dead Sea, as measured by a standard mercury manometer and blood gas analyzer, was found to be 799 mmHg (1065 hPa).

Lowest

• Land-based measurement 1935_Labor_Day_hurricane 892 hPa also. Dr. Jeff Masters of Weather Underground estimated that Typhoon Haiyan 2013 may have had a central pressure of 888 mb (hPa; 26.23 inHg) when it struck Leyte.

• The lowest non-tornadic atmospheric pressure ever measured was 870 hPa (25.69 inHg), set on 12 October 1979, during Typhoon Tip in the western Pacific Ocean. The measurement was based on an instrumental observation made from a reconnaissance aircraft.

Atlantic 882 millibars Hurricane Wilma.https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/10/19/ten-years-ago-hurricane-wilma-underwent-most-extreme-intensification-in-atlantic-history/

Typhoon_Maysak_(2015) estimated pressure of 905 mb from the JMA-http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~brugge/world2015.html

ex Cyclone Nuri November_2014_Bering_Sea_cyclone 924 hpa since 1977.http://7city.org/main/142-cyclone-in-the-bering-sea-in-1977-broke-the-record.html

The lowest pressure: 850 mbar; recorded during a tornado at Manchester, South Dakota, United States, 2003-06-24

Land-based observations in Europe

Faroe Islands

21 February 1944 Faroe Islands 1053.0. Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA125&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&dq=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/emslp/anselletal2006.pdf anseell et al 2006 10.1175/JCLI3775.1

wizzle.

Ireland

http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/92397/#:~:text=During%2028%2D29%20March%202020,0000%20UTC%20on%2029%20March.

United Kingdom and Ireland

Graph of minimum and maximum monthly air pressure values in the UK.

For the United Kingdom, the Met Office record the record figures for barometric pressure (which are nominally since 1870) as: https://twitter.com/wanstead_meteo/status/1127520499393810432

• Highest air pressure: 31 January 1902, Aberdeen Scotland 1053.6 hPa.

• Lowest air pressure: 26 January 1884, Ochtertyre Scotland 925.6 hPa.

Though may be second to the Night of the big wind low which saw a value of 27.25 inches of mercury (923 hPa) at Sumburgh Head, Shetland on non-calibrated, non-standard equipment 6-7 January 1839, with the mainland at Cape Wrath reporting an observed pressure of 27.32 inches of mercury (925 hPa).

United Kingdom monthly maximum figures for barometric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for barometric pressure UK and Ireland Met Office.

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	Alternative and UK only records
January	31 January 1902	Aberdeen Observatory, Aberdeenshire	1053.6†
February	1 February 1902	Aberdeen Observatory, Aberdeenshire	1052.9
March	9 March 1953	St Mary's Airport, Isles of Scilly	1047.9	An alternative value is reported 9 March 1953, Tynemouth 1048.6 hPa
April	11 April 1938	Eskdalemuir, Dumfriesshire	1044.5
May	16 May 1943	Dublin Airport, Ireland	1042.2	UK value: 1881, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Armagh 1042 hPa. 13 May 2019 1041.7 https://twitter.com/danholley_/status/1128220814589952000
June	14 June 1959	Clones Co. Monaghan	1043.1	UK value: 14 June 1959, "Northern Ireland" 1043 hPa (Irish record is within 1km of UK border). 15 June 1874 Scotland >1040 hPa.
July	16 July 1996	Aboyne, Aberdeenshire	1039.2
August	25 August 1968	Kirkwall, Orkney	1037.4
September	11 September 2009	Ballykelly, Co. Londonderry	1042.0
October	31 October 1956	Dyce, Aberdeenshire	1045.6
November	10 November 1999	Aviemore, Invernessshire	1046.7
December	24 December 1926	Wick, Caithness	1051.9

(† note the value of 1054.7 reported in some literature is an incorrect conversion.)

19 September 1986, Shawbury Shropshire 1041.2 hPa. UK value 1038.9 12 May 2012? Heathrow Airport. 15 June 1874, Scotland >1040

United Kingdom list of barometric pressure over 1050 hPa

List of barometric pressures over 1050 hPa in UK and Ireland (likely incomplete)

Date	Location	pressure hPa
24 February 1808	Gordon Castle, Moray Scotland	1050.0
8—9 January 1820	Kinfauns Castle, Perth Scotland	1051.7
9 January 1896	Ochtertyre, Perth Scotland	1053.4
31 January 1902	Aberdeen, Scotland (UK record)	1053.6
28 January 1905	Falmouth, Cornwall	1053.1
23 January 1907	Aberdeen, Scotland	1051.8
24 December 1926	Wick, Scotland	1051.9
26 January 1932	Stonyhurst, Sheffield and Meltham, West Yorshire	1051.0
16 January 1957	Belmullet, Co Mayo Ireland	1050.9

In the period of instrumental measurement the barometric pressure has exceeded 1048 hPa somewhere over the United Kingdom and Ireland on 17 occasions. On 9 of these times the pressure has exceeded 1050 hPa- a value which has not been exceeded since 1957 in Ireland, but has not been surpassed since 26 January 1932 over the UK. Intense high pressure is usually seen during midwinter with 7 of the 9 occasions where 1050 hPa has been exceeded occurring in January.

Pressure values have been recorded to have exceeded 1050 hPa in all areas of the UK and Ireland except south east England, though values close to this are documented from January 1882 and January 1905.

United Kingdom monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure UK and Ireland Met Office.

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	Alternative and UK only records
January	26 January 1884	Ochtertyre, Perthshire	925.6	Alternative: 6-7 January 1839, Sumburgh Head, Shetland during the Night of the big wind storm 27.25 inches of mercury (922.8 hPa), (value from non-standardised equipment).
February	4 February 1951	Midleton, Co. Cork	942.3	UK value: 9 February 1988, Benbecula 944.0 hPa.
March	9 March 1876	Wick, Caithness	946.2
April	1 April 1948	Malin Head, Co. Donegal	952.9	UK value: 1 April 1948, The Hebrides 953 hPa.
May	8 May 1943	Sealand, Flintshire (listed as Cheshire)	968.0
June	28 June 1938	Lerwick, Shetland	968.4
July	8 July 1964	Sule Skerry, Northern Isles	967.9
August	14 August 1954	Belmullet, Co. Mayo	967.7	UK value: 26 August 1912, Great Yarmouth 978 hPa.
September	21 September 1953	Claremorris, Co. Mayo	957.1	UK value: 16-17 September 1935, "Central England" 960 hPa.
October	14 October 1981	Cawdor Castle, Highland (listed as Nairnshire)	946.8	**Cyclone Oratia
November	11 November 1877	Monach Lighthouse, Outer Hebrides	939.2
December	8 December 1866	Belfast, Antrim	927.2	On the morning of 8 December 1886, the barometer may have fallen as low as 924 mbar over northern Ireland, although the lowest authenticated value was 927.2 mbar at Belfast at 1330h, close to the centre of the depression.-http://www.uktrail.com/colchat/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=913

Corroborative evidence is afforded by the (MSL) readings of 927.2 mbar at Aberdeen at 2330h, 927.3 mbar at Dundee at 2230h, 927.4 mbar at Culloden, near Inverness, at 2300h, 927.5 mbar at Oban at 2100h, 928.8 mbar at Glasgow and 929.6 mbar in Edinburgh. Contemporary sources agree that these were the lowest pressures recorded in Scotland for at least the previous 120 years.-http://www.uktrail.com/colchat/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=913

• • Cyclone Oratia estimated at 941 in peer reviewed, reananlysis of 948.0 in XWS catalogue.-http://www.europeanwindstorms.org/cgi-bin/storms/storms.cgi?storm1=Oratia_Tora though lowest pressure between Aberdeen and Norway at ref ... not a land-based observation, but an estimate of central low. Lowest UK pressure RAF Fylingdales at 951.2 hPa.

7 September 1995, Scilly Isles, 966 hPa. Lowest minimum recorded values for the months May to August within 0.5 of 968 hPa. 17 September 1935

20th Century low pressure record in the UK 20 December 1982: at Sule Skerry it may have dropped as low as 936 mbar on this occasion. I wrote this event up in Weather (Burt SD. 1983. New UK 20th century low pressure extreme. Weather, 38: 208–213, and Burt SD. 1983.-http://www.uktrail.com/colchat/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=913

United Kingdom list of barometric pressure below 950 hPa

• 1821 December 25, London 27.93 inches of mercury (946 hPa).
• 1839 January 7, Night of the big wind, pressure below 28 inches of mercury (950 hPa) at Inchkeith, Peterhead and Aberdeen.
• 1865 December 31, Butt of Lewis Lighthouse 27.69 inches of mercury (938 hPa), with a report of 27.63 inches of mercury (936 hPa) from Hoy which is not supported by observation from Cantick head lighthouse on South Walls.
• 1884 Ochtertyre

• 2013 Cyclone Dirk

Home nation records

Based on Burt 2007

Scotland

Same as UK national records.

• Highest: 31 January 1902, Aberdeen Observatory 1053.6 hPa.
• Lowest: 26 January 1884, Ochtertyre Scotland 925.6 hPa.

Northern Ireland

• Highest: 2020
• Lowest: 8 December 1886, in Belfast 927.2 hPa.(A reading of 922.5 mbar (corrected to MSL) was reported from Omagh in Co. Tyrone...Harding (1887, p 211) the graduation and calibration of the barometer concerned were not considered satisfactory enough “to quote the reading as trustworthy”, storm minimum over the north of Ireland was thought to be close to 924 mbar.)

Wales

• Highest: 27 Jan 1992, Sennybridge Powys 1049.2 hPa.
• Lowest: 22 November 1865, Dolgellau, North Wales 944.8 hpa.

Alt 1992, Trawsgoed, Wales 1050.0 hPa.

England

• Highest: 28 January 1905, Falmouth, Cornwall 1053.1 hPa. 31.097 inches of mercury (1,053.1 hPa)http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/mohippo/pdf/0/3/jan1905.pdf
• Lowest: 8 December 1886, Stonyhurst in Lancashire, where the barometer fell to 940.4 hPa.

-alt North Shields 26th January 1884 27.63" (936mb) https://www.netweather.tv/forum/topic/48934-the-lowest-pressure-reading-recorded-in-the-uk/

25 December 1821, "North London" 945.8 hPa.

Norway

Yr.no the joint venture between the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and the Norwegian Meteorological Institute give the national pressure records as:

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Dalen, Telemark 1 061.3 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 27 January 1907, Bergen 936 hPa.

Both records in same winter as each other and those of Denmark.

15 February 1989 937.1 hPa http://www.synoptische-meteorologie.de/extras/wetterrekorde-europa/wetterrekorde-nordeuropa/

>1050 Norway 8 February 2012-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20120208.gif

1054.5 hPa Blindern 18 November 1985, 1051.6 hPa Oslo 4 Feb 1991, 1055.6 hPa Hansmoen, Tynset 30 January 2012.

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Norway

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	notes
January	23 January 1907	Dalen, Telemark	1061
February	4 February 1991	Oslo	1051.6		Sihccajavri https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/968138893768974338/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yr.no%2F
May	3 May 2017	Trondheim	1039.6		*Local record, may not be national
October	3 October 2016	Hedmark	1050.		*data from 1957, previously October 1971 Bergen 1042.1 hPa.
November	18 November 1985	Blindern	1054.5		*highest at Blindern regardless of month 1952-2012, may not be national record, only local.

1054.3 Otta 309 m a s l

The highest pressure measured at Oslo whatever month is 1054.5 hectopascal 18th November 1985.!?!?!??!? The highest pressure measured at rekordhoyt-trykk-i-europa-1.7980968

--Jan--

• 1056.1 hPa 9 Jan 2010 Drevsjø i Engerdal http://www.verogvind.net/readmore.asp?readmoreid=2383
• 1055 11 hPa Jan 1987 Bråtå mslp 705m alt.

--Feb--

• http://www.verogvind.net/readmore.asp?readmoreid=3457

Minimum

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Norway

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	notes
January	27 January 1884	Bergen area	values range between 935.8–939.8		A value of 702.0 mm Hg at Bergen Lungegård Hospital on January 27, 1884 (935.8 hPa) is reported, which is likely to be from the same low as the UK record from Ochtertyre the previous day. Other sources give a pressure value of 939.8 hPa or 939.7 hPa in Bergen on 27 January 1884.
February	20 February 1907	Skudenes on the island of Karmøy, Rogaland	938.5		20 February 1907 Oksøy Lighthouse, Kristiansand 941.0 hPa

10 February 2020, Solvær III, Lurøy Nordland 942.5 hPa. Yr.no values for date Sklinna_Lighthouse 943.1 hPa http://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/1227191836311203845

north norway https://www.itromso.no/meninger/2020/02/11/Rekordlett-luft-over-Troms%C3%B8-21060866.ece

Hartmut Feb 2018

26 February 2018, Šihččajávri Finmark 1055.6 hPa.https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/968138893768974338/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yr.no%2F 27 February 2018, Harparanda Sweden 1055.8 hPa.https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/summering-av-det-maktiga-hogtrycket-1.131682 (record 2012 Harparanda 1058)

Svalbard

http://svalbardposten.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=3340

The highest air pressure was measured at Karl XII island where it was registered 1054.7 hPa. It erases the previous record of 1051.9 hPa on 28 January 1929.http://www.adressa.no/vaeret/article7270389.ece http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Malte-monster-hoytrykk-i-Arktis-124933b.html

28 January 1929 Spitzbergen 1054.2see Neue methoden below

gridded data 1971-2015 lowest 948 hpa highest -http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber23/ber23-283-297.pdf

low of 958 in may -https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2250017/

25 Jan 2022 938 hPa was measured last night on Kvitøya on Svalbard, the lowest pressure since the station started in 1986 Chart with downwards trend We have not registered such a low pressure before in this area! https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/1485915865635717120

Bjornoya

Bear_Island_(Norway) 20 March 2013 1050.1 hPa, previous record March 20 1969 1043.6 hPa see Greenland

Denmark

The Danish Meteorological Institute report record barometric pressure for the Denmark (since 1874) as:

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Skagen 1062.5 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 20 February 1907, Skagen 943.9 hPa.

Danish records both occurred within a month during the same winter, and same winter as Norwegian records.

September record was beaten on 29 September 2015 with pressure over 1042.2 hPa recorded in Østerbro Copenhagen, previous September record dated from September 18, 1904, where the pressure came up to 1038.8 hPa at Hammer Odde Lighthouse, Bornholm. Den gamle rekord i Thyborøn er fra den 21. september 1998, hvor lufttrykket nåede op på 1038,1 hPa. http://folkebladetlemvig.dk/lemvig/vejret-saetter-rekord-i-thyboroen

The records mentioned above are the conclusion of TV 2 VEJRET based on data from DMI's Technical Report No. 15-02. The records are based on measured air pressure values ​​at the stations mentioned. From 1874 to 1987, the air pressure was measured manually three times a day, whereas from 1987 onwards, it took place automatically first eight times a day and from around the millennium every hour.Before 1987, the air pressure was measured manually in Vestervig and then automatically in Thyborøn and also in Nordby on Fanø and then automatically in Esbjerg. However, the relatively large margins for the old records in comparison with the short distance between the measurement stations make - despite the fewer daily measurements previously - the records considered very likely.http://vejr.tv2.dk/2015-09-29-taarnhoejt-lufttryk-over-danmark-slaar-rekord

Denmark Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Denmark (Italic text based on 1961-1990 data only)

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	23 January 1907	Skagen	1062.5
February	7 February 2012	Thyborøn	1050.3		2012 value exceeds 1961-1990 maximum.
March	30 March 1977	Bornholm Airport	1047.0
April	16 April 1962	Skagen	1040.6
May	3 May 1990	Christiansø Lighthouse	1041.6
June	7 June 1962	Skagen	1038.8
July	16 July 1972	Christiansø Lighthouse	1031.9
August	18 August 1966	Christiansø Lighthouse	1032.8
September	29 September 2015	Østerbro	1042.2		*Previously 18 September 1904, Hammer Odde Lighthouse 1038.8 hPa. (or 29 September 1970, Bornholm Airport 1040.0 hPa)
October	5 October 2016	Skagen	1045.5		*Previously 6 October 1877, Hammer Odde Lighthouse 1044.7 hPa.
November	18 November 1985	Skagen	1052.4
December	24 December 1962	Fornæs Lighthouse and Værløse Air Base	1051.6

Denmark monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Denmark (Italic text based on 1961-1990 data only)

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	14 January 1984	Skagen	950.2
February	20 February 1907	Skagen	943.9
March	25 March 1986	Skrydstrup Airport	961.4
April	21 April 1967	Skagen	975.7
May	28 May 1972	Thyborøn	985.1
June	6 June 1977	Skagen	985.1
July	30 July 1965	Skagen	982.5
August	6 August 1985	Thyborøn	980.1
September	22 September 1990	Thyborøn	970.1
October	18 October 1967	Tirstrup	966.7	FYI Hvide Sand reported low 30 Oct 2000 (Oratia) unknown if lowest, unknown time, 976.4.http://www.geodata.us/weather/show.php?usaf=060580&uban=99999&m=10&c=Denmark&y=2000 Thyboron 978.2.http://www.geodata.us/weather/show.php?usaf=060520&uban=99999&m=10&c=Denmark&y=2000
November	6 November 1985	Aalborg Airport	953.0
December	10 December 1965	Thyborøn	955.2

5 January 2012 lowest pressure in Denmark in 5 years 962.7 hPa på Anholt, lowest since 18 March 2007 nåede lufttrykket i Skagen ned på 958,6 hPa.

Denmark list of barometric pressure over 1050 hPa

Above 1050 hPa

Date	Location	pressure hPa
7 February 2012	Thyborøn	1050.3	8 February 2012 north jutland >1050-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20120208.gif
18 November 1985	Thyborøn	1050.3
1962	Denmark	1052
23 January 1907	Skagen	1062.5

Sweden

The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute give the nation's barometric records as:

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907 in Kalmar and Visby 1063.7 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 6 December 1895 Härnösand 938.4 hPa.

Sweden monthly maximum figures for barometric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for barometric pressure Sweden

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	23 January 1907	Kalmar and Visby	1063.7
February	1 February 2012	Haparanda	1058.0
March	1 March 1971	Svartbyn-Överkalix	1055.7
April	15 April 1860	Uppsala	1047.1
May	7 May 1893	Umeå	1048.0
June	3 June 1979	Sveg	1044.8
July	28 July 1963	Sveg and Särna	1035.6
August	25 August 1968	Riksgränsen	1038.8
September	16 September 1903	Sveg	1042.0		*29 September 2015, Hagshult (Småland) 1042.9 hPa.
October	14 October 1896	Stockholm	1048.6
November	18 November 1985	Malung and Rännberg-Östmark, Värmland.	1056.0
December	15 December 1946	Sveg	1059.2

Sweden monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure Sweden

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	30 January 2000	Krångede, Jämtland	946.2		Kerstin, Orkanen Reidun
February	27 February 1990	Understen, Uppland	940.5		Vivian
March	8 March 1920	Abisko, Lappland	948.3
April	6 April 1943	Gäddede, Jämtland	960.3
May	12 May 1898	Karlstad	971.3
June	29 June 1938	Storlien	976.2
July	9 July 1931	Ulricehamn	977.1
August	6 August 1941	Måseskär	975.7
September	29 September 1956	Klutmark, Västerbotten	960.9
October	19 October 1970	Edsbyn	954.1
November	1 November 1921	Holmögadd, .	948.3
December	6 December 1895	Härnösand	938.4

13 March 1996 saw a high of 1050.5 recorded at Vilhelmina airport. March record Svartbyn-Overkalix 1971.

Sweden logged its highest pressure reading in 40 years on Sunday. The reading of 1057.0 hPa at Haparanda was the highest since 1059.9 hPa on 30th January 1972.

Also, Kalliojoki Kuhmo in eastern Finland recorded air pressure of 1062.0 hPa on Sunday

http://www.smhi.se/nyhetsarkiv/hoga-lufttryck-svenskt-februarirekord-1.19784 http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/index.php?/topic/89180-pressure-watch-eastern-europe-27th-jan-onwards-10683-hpa-khoseda-khard-%E2%80%A2new-all-time-record%E2%80%A2/page__st__20

Sweden has only twice seen low pressure below 950 hPa both times in December, the all-time record and again following a similar track across mid-Sweden on 16 december 1982 at Sundsvall Airport at 940.1 hPa. Pressure fell to about 939 mbar over the Gulf of Bothnia (between Sweden and Finland) on the morning of 16 December 1982.

Sweden list of barometric pressure over 1060 hPa

Sweden has only ever recorded air pressure above 1060 hPa during the month of January 1907.

Above 1060 hPa

Date	Location	pressure hPa
23 January 1907	Kalmar	1063.7
23 January 1907	Visby	1063.7 incomplete

Ave pressure 27-29 Sept 2017 over Europe, high pressure area "Rosi" (FUB)

https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/extremt-hogt-septemberlufttryck-vantas-nasta-vecka-1.125171 September record for Norrland 2017 https://twitter.com/forecasverige/status/912575031179403265

• http://blogg.foreca.se/2017/09/hogtryck-pa-hosten-nytt-septemberrekord-i-hogtryck/
• https://www.smhi.se/nyhetsarkiv/nytt-svenskt-lufttrycksrekord-for-september-1.125412
• FUB Rosi

Finland

According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute:

• Highest air pressure:22 January 1907, Helsinki 1066 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 27 February 1990 Kuuskajaskari, Rauma 940 hPa.

Though reported low value by Weather Underground weather historian Christopher Burt on 1 March 1990 at unknown location at low of 939.7 hPa. -reanalysis http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1990/Rrea00119900301.gif note Sweden February record is on 27 feb 1990 (Associated with the more northerly tracking of the two low centres of Vivian (storm).

Cooper/Dieter 29 January 2012, Suomussalmi Pesio in Finland at 1061.3 hPa -http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/index.php?/topic/89180-pressure-watch-eastern-europe-27th-jan-onwards-10683-hpa-khoseda-khard-%E2%80%A2new-all-time-record%E2%80%A2/

1067.1 22 January 1907 Helsinki.https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=luftdruck+hoch+1882+januar&source=bl&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&sig=c_iYq7vbXbJeHq7shW1h0t4akCk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZkMSV_LHOAhWFIsAKHZ20DMAQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose

Front Cover Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Finland

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	22 January 1907	Heksinki	1066	2nd 30/01/1972 Kuusamo. Finland air pressure record, 1066 hPa.-http://saaseuranta.munblogi.com/2015/03/07/ Kuusamo lentoasema 1063.7.https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations
February	1 February 2012	Kuhmo Kalliojoki	1062.8	1 Feb 2012 0610 UTC Kuhmo Kalliojoki 1062.9 hPa.
March	15-17 March 2015	Finland	1049	"Luisa" (FUB) (1054 Lake Ladoga) -http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/Lebensgeschichten/Hoch_LUISA_09_03_15.htm
December	7 December 2002	Kallan lighthouse, Pietarsaari	1060	http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZKeBToAsAfcJ:ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/c/document_library/get_file%3Fuuid%3Ddaf66752-74a6-46d0-b390-f622df4c1c7a%26groupId%3D30106+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us 7 Dec 2002 00:33 Pietarsaari Kallan UTC 1060.2 https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/download-observations

Korkein ilmanpaine 1060 hPa 7.12.20

April low https://twitter.com/mikarantane/status/1511249062082793475

Baltics

Deutsche Seewarte atmospheric pressure map Wetterbericht von 23 Januar 1907

Maximum pressure in Europe 22-23 January 1907 recorded in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar. The Free University of Berlin state the European air pressure record is 23 January 1907 in Riga at 1068.7 hPa.

Estonia

As reported by the Estonian Weather Service

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Tallinn 1060.3 hPa.‡
• Lowest air pressure: 16 December 1982 Väike-Maarja 936.0 hPa.

‡The Estonian Weather Service report on their website the record maximum observed air pressure in the country as 1060.3 hPa recorded 23 January 1907 in Tallinn. This figure is not supported by NOAA reanalysis charts and the values reported from neighbouring Finland and Latvia probably make this figure an underestimation or error. A possible maximum pressure value for the whole of Europe is thought to have occurred during the 22-23 January 1907 high pressure event with a record set in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar. Though this value is exceeded by the value on 23 January 1907 in Riga reported at 1068.7 hPa by the Free University of Berlin's student generated reports.

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Estonia 2004–Present.

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	Notes
January	22 January 2006	Kuusiku	1058.1		January 1907
February	1 February 2012	Narva-Jõesuu	1053.4
March	16 March 2015	Jõhvi	1052.7
April	2 April 2004	Kihnu	1037.9
May	6 May 2006	Kunda	1039.0
June	1 June 2009	Lääne-Nigula	1037.5
July	2 July 2006	Võru	1033.6
August	21 August 2015	Lääne-Nigula	1032.3
September	28 September 2018	Jõhvi	1043.9
October	31 October 2015	Võru	1041.6
November	16 November 2018	Valga	1043.2		21 November 1993 Narva 1057.2.
December	30 December 2015	Valga	1048.0

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Estonia 2004–Present, based on hourly station observations.

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	Notes
January	11 January 2005	Ristna	962,6
February	10 January 2019	Ristna	965.3
March	26 March 2008	Narva-Jõesuu	966.6
April	3 April 2020	Pakri	977.3
May	2 may 2019	Kunda	977.1
June	27 June 2007	Ristna	981.7
July	9 July 2009	Ristna	986.6
August	10 August 2005	Kihnu	985.0
September	14 September 2017	Vilsandi	981.4
October	29 October 2017	Kunda	972.4
November	23 November 2008	Tiirikoja	951.3
December	6 December 2013	Vilsandi	966.1		16 December 1982, Naissaar 947.6 hPa

Latvia

• Highest air pressure: 22—23? January 1907 Liepāja 1065.9 hPa‡
• Lowest air pressure: 12 February 1962 Vidzeme Upland 932.9 hPa

http://www.meteolapa.lv/blogs/305/ciklons-un-anticiklons

recent high 790 millimetres of mercury (1,050 hPa) 28-29 January 2012.https://www.apollo.lv/5898211/atmosferas-spiediens-augstakais-pedejo-tris-gadu-laika

probable ref for values... page 6 top. http://www.nauticalive.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Meteorolog%CC%A7ija.pdf

Lithuania

• Highest December 1889 Vilnius 1058.5 hPa
• Lowest January 1931 Ukmergė and Dotnuva 951.6 hPa.

23 January 1907 1065.1 hPa.

Kaliningrad/Königsberg

• Highest 23 January 1907 1064.7 hPa

European Russia

• 3 January 2008, Kargopol Arkhangelsk Oblast 1063.5 named as "Evi" by FUB.-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20080103.gif
• 30-31 January 1972, northwest Russia, south of Archangel (58°N, 44°E) 1064
• 16 December 1997, western Russia (53°N, 32°E) 1059 (60 km north of Gomel Belarus).

Except from Daily Weather Report 16 February 1956 chart showing a 1072 isobar

• 16 February 1956 centred over *16 february 1956, northern Urals 1070 hPa mentioned in student generated reports from FUB. 1067 hPa in another student report from FUB. Others give a figure for this high of 1065 mslp.- isobar of 1072 over Russia on Met Office Daily Weather Report 16 February 1956 centred about the town of Vorkuta, [[Komi Republic].
• 17 February 1954 N Russia >1060. http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1956/Rrea00119560216.gif claimed over 1070 hPa by Free University Berlin.
• 7 January 1907, St Petersburg in January 1907, when the barometer's arrow was shown at 1,064 hPa (798 mm Hg), are unmatched.

... Источник: https://rueconomics.ru/277726-sinoptiki-peterburga-obyasnili-chem-vyzvano-anomalnoe-atmosfernoe-davlenie#from_copy

30- January 2012 "Dieter" 2012 1032 hPa!?! http://sputniknews.com/voiceofrussia/2012/01/30/64960457/

"Cooper" 29 January 2012, Repola Khoseda-Khard up to 1065.6 hPa mslp now ( 1053.1 hPa stattion reading ) -http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/index.php?/topic/89180-pressure-watch-eastern-europe-27th-jan-onwards-10683-hpa-khoseda-khard-%E2%80%A2new-all-time-record%E2%80%A2/

• "Thomas"10/12/2012-25/12/2012 >1060 hPa 14/12/12.http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20121214.gif http://neven1.typepad.com/blog/2012/12/looking-for-winter-weirdness-3.html

Air pressure average "Thomas" December 10-21 2012

• Luisa" 17 March 2015 1054 hPa Yefimovsky http://www.wetteronline.de/wetterticker?postId=post_1615613

• Low Pressure Moscow 720.8 mm Hg!?!!? 11 January 2015 720mm= 28.3464567 inches = 959.811024 hectopascals, in 1941 the pressure has dropped to the level of 721 mm Hg.

EMULATE data:

• Archangelsk pressure over 1060 hPa 4 times, 21 Jan 1907, 30 Jan 1920, 17 Feb 1956 and 30 Jan 1972. for period 1870-2000.
• St Petersburg pressure over 1060 on 3 occasions, 16 January 1869 1061.74 hPa, 21-22 January 1907 1063.81 hPa, and 13 December 1946 1060.18 hPa 1850-2000.
• Moscow has recorded pressure over 1060 on 4 occasions between 1866-2000, on 16 Jan 1869 1060.06 hPa, 5 December 1869 1060.44 hPa, 14 December 1944 1062.25 hPa and 31 January 1972 1061.28 hPa.
• http://latestnewsresource.com/da/news/v-moskve-zafiksirovali-rekordno-nizkoe-atmosfernoe-davlenie
• Kazan >1060: 25 Feb 1898 1060.97, 27 Nov 1910 1062.99, 30 Jan 1920 1065.12, 4 Jan 1969 1061.38, 31 Jan 1972 1060.76.https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/projects/emulate/LANDSTATION_MSLP/CORRECTED/EMULATE_KAZAN_TS_DIURNAL_AD.AS 1855-31 Oct 1941 1 Jan 1951-2000

773.2 millimetres of mercury (1,030.8 hPa)http://tass.ru/obschestvo/1833627

"Peter the great" Oct 2016 http://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2016/10/30.html

Average atmospheric pressure map january and july russia maps https://geographyofrussia.com/atmosfernoe-davlenie-v-rossii/

Moscow records

In Moscow, according to the available series of instrumental observations, the lowest pressure value - 945.3 hPa (709 mm Hg) - was noted on November 25, 1973, and the highest - 1042.3 hPa (782 mm Hg) - December 14, 1944.

Moscow monthly

774.6 mm Hg of 1984https://it.sputniknews.com/mondo/201802145648961-russia-meteorologia-pressione-atmosferica/ ↑

• August Moscow record 25 August 1944, 761 millimetres of mercury (1,015 hPa).https://www.msk.kp.ru/daily/26718/3744441/
• September Moscow record 27 September 2017, 1022.6 hPa, previously 1973 27 September
• November Moscow record unknown date November, 1034.6 hPa.

↓

• January 2016 a record low atmospheric pressure was recorded in Moscow. So, the morning of January 13 the pressure dropped to 721.7 millimetres of mercury (962.2 hPa), which is a record since 1946. https://tvrain.ru/news/davlenie-419107/
• June 28 2019 728 millimetres of mercury (971 hPa).https://www.tellerreport.com/life/2019-06-28---in-moscow--recorded-a-record-low-pressure-.HJZCSBDQxB.html

St Petersburg monthly

↑

• September St Petersburg record unknown date 1906 - 1041.2 hPa. On 26 September 2017 morning, atmospheric pressure in St. Petersburg reached 1042 hPa (782 mm Hg), exceeding the absolute September record for all the years of regular instrumental observations, which was noted in 1906 (1041.2 hPa).

Scherhag

Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA125&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&dq=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false

• 23 Jan 1907 Riga 1068.6
• 13 Dec 1944 Kazan 1068.0
• 22 Jan 1907 Helsinki 1067.1
• 15 January 1940 Myggbukta, Greenland 1064.8
• 6 February 1895 Vardø, Norway 1059.1
• 23 January 1907 Hamburg 1056.7
• 9 January 1896 Fort William 1054.4
• 28 January 1929 Spitzbergen 1054.2
• 15 January 1892 Stykkisholmur 1053.8
• 21 February 1944 Faroe Islands 1053.0
• 16 January 1882 Hamburg 1048.8
• 26 January 1932 Hamburg 1048.7
• 26 January 1925 Hamburg 1046.7
• 13 January 1929 Seydisfjordur 1046.7

Belarus

>1060 23 January 1907 -http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1907/Rrea00119070123.gif

Belarus state hydrometeorological service, The Center of Hydrometeorology, Radioactive Contamination Control and Environmental Monitoring

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Norway

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	4 January 1977	Bragin (Brahin)	1036.9
February	24 February 1976 in	Bragin	1036.5
March	13 March 1995	Polotsk	1032.4
April	16 April 2003	Verhnedvinsk (Verkhnyadzvinsk)	1021.6
May	28 May 1968	Polotsk	1023
June	3 June 1979	Grodno	1016.3

Maximum air pressure at station level recorded October 28, 1987 in Bragin Brahin- 1033.9 hPa (777 mmHg) at a rate on this item 1005.5 hPa (756 mm Hg).

Maximum air pressure at station level recorded September 29, 1986 in Bragin - 1023.3 hPa (769 mm Hg) at a rate on this item 1002.7 hPa (754 mm Hg).

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Belarus

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	4 January 1981	Novogrudok (Navahrudak)	941.6
February	5 February 1999 in	Novogrudok	939.9
March	27 March 1995	Navahrudak	943.2
April	11 April 1997	Novogrudok	944.6
May	5 May 1998	Novogrudok	951.9
June	16 June 1985 in Novogrudok	Novgrudok	958.9

there was September 6, 1992 The absolute minimum air pressure at station level, in Novogrudok - 954.1 hPa (717 mmHg) at a rate of 982.6 hPa (739 mm Hg).

The absolute minimum air pressure at station level observed 21 October 1996 at the Polesskaya http://www.geographic.org/global_weather/belarus/poleskaya_015.html(52.3000 Longitude in decimal degrees: 26.7000 - 945.7 hPa (711 mm Hg).

Jersey

• Highest air pressure: 29 January 1905, Jersey 1051.7 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Jersey 953.8 hPa.

France

Météo-France figures from 1951-2012.

• Highest air pressure: 3 March 1990, Pointe de Chémoulin, Saint-Nazaire Loire-Atlantique 1048.9 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Cap de La Hague, Cherbourg 951.8 hPa.

"A titre de comparaison, on citera le record de pression au niveau de la mer mesuré en France : 948 hPa le 16 octobre 1987 à Ouessant"-http://www.annales.org/ri/2002/425/bessemoulin009-14.pdf though http://www.europeanwindstorms.org/cgi-bin/storms/storms.cgi?storm1=Great87 gives minimum ~956 from reanalysis.

though other figures are also listed which predate Météo-France's records.

• Highest air pressure: 6 February 1821 Paris 1050 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 25 December 1821 Boulogne sur mer 947.1 hPa.

29 January 1905, a powerful anticyclone covers all of Europe and the atmospheric pressure reached a record value of 1049.3 hPa in Paris.

local record high values Yörn 2016 http://www.keraunos.org/actualites/fil-infos/2016/decembre/anticyclone-decembre-2016-record-pression-france-stabilite-orages-deficit http://www.meteo-express.com/actualite/28-12-16.html

On 28 January 1905 values of 31.04 inches of mercury (1,051 hPa) in Biarritz, and 31.01 inches of mercury (1,050 hPa) in Brest are listed in the Met Office Daily Weather Report.

http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3050z (search Renou)

Monthly maximum

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure France

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	Notes
January	20 January 2020	Abbeville	1049.7
February	6 February 1821	Paris	1050	https://www.meteo-paris.com/actualites/pressions-atmospheriques-exceptionnelles-sous-l-anticyclone-yorn-28-decembre-2016.html	*Possibly: February 15, 1934 Cap De La Hague 1,048.2 hPa.
March	3 March 1990	Pointe de Chémoulin, Saint-Nazaire Loire-Atlantique	1048.9 hPa
May	13 May 2019	Dunkirk	1040.7
September	25 September 2018	Valenciennes	1040.0		*Previously 19 September 1986 Dunkirk 1038.4

Monthly min

|- | October | | | | | *Possibly (very tentative) 15 October 1987, Brest 957 hPa. Ushant is claimed to have reported a pressure of 948 hPa on this date. Brest-Guipavas described as an absolute record for the station since 1945, 948 hPa.

October *Possibly 15 October 1987 Ouessant 948 hPa. Ushant 948, Brest 957 -http://tempetes.meteo.fr/spip.php?article129

980 -https://actu.fr/normandie/vire-normandie_14762/cette-nuit-l-oeil-de-la-tempete-alex-va-traverser-la-region-de-vire-normandie_36487546.html

December 25, 1991:

1044.8 hPa in Lille http://twitter.com/pablosanchez_tv/status/813699873300217856

https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/lille-lesquin/valeurs/07015.html

Corsica

https://twitter.com/GaetanHeymes/status/1056981881487609857 Pression minimale 979 hPa à Calvi record mensuel pour la Corse non loin du record absolu 975 hPa au Cap Corse en mars 2009.

Belgium

The Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute gives the national record values as:

• Highest air pressure: 27 January 1932, Uccle 1048 hPa.

1882 date claim for 1048 max http://www.meteobelgie.be/klimatologie/artikels-en-dossiers/allerlei/1099-de-klimatologische-records.html

1048,2 hPa à Elsenborn 27 December 2016 https://www.facebook.com/geoclimat.org/posts/1294877337239718:0 Meteobelgique.com give lower Uccle value https://www.meteobelgique.be/article/releves-et-analyses/annee-2016/2183-resume-decembre-2016.html

Chievres https://twitter.com/ZdenekNejedly/status/1219157455415971841

• Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Blankenberge 954 hPa.

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Belgium (since 20 century)

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
May	13 May 2019	Uccle	1039.2	https://twitter.com/DDehenauw/status/1127966220882513920
June	6 June 1962	Uccle	1034.9
September	27 September 1906	Uccle	1037.9
October	23 October 1958	Uccle	1039.5

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Belgium (since 20 century)

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
February	25 February 1989	Uccle	956.8		*Alt On 25 February 1989 a value reported at Blankenberge of 954 hPa.
August	24 August 1956	Uccle	980
September	11 September 1903	Uccle	976.8
October	10 October 1964	Uccle	971.0
November	29 November 1965	Uccle	967

Netherlands

The Dutch Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute lists the following as national records:

• KNMI Highest air pressure: 26 January 1932, De Bilt, Utrecht 1050.0 hPa.

A value on 23 januari 1907 of 1053.0 hPa in Eelde is also given online.

• KNMI Lowest air pressure: 27 November 1983, Eelde, Drenthe 954.2 hPa.http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/28293/lage_luchtdrukrecords

On 26 January 1932 was in De Bilt measured a pressure of 1050.0 hPa, the highest pressure ever by KNMI measured. The air pressure was extremely high for several days: averaged over 48 hours was calculated in De Bilt 1048 hPa. On 23 January 1907, the air pressure in De Bilt rose to 1047.9 hPa and on 23 December 1962 1047.8 hPa was measured. The highest pressure values ​​are typically in the winter months is measured. In the summer barometers suggest rarely above 1035 hPa and also the daily pressure variations much smaller than in other seasons. In the fall, especially from mid-October, the air pressure can change from day to day and quickly be measured as a rule the lowest values. Thus, the air pressure in July in De Bilt never come higher than 1033 hPa and for August is the age record at 1034 hPa. The wintry pressure areas are known for their high pressure values. Especially above Siberia comes in the winter often pressure for more than 1050 hPa. On December 31, 1968 was in place Agata in Siberia (350 km southeast of Norilsk ) established a record of 1083.8 hPa. This is up to now still reduced the highest value up to sea level air pressure ever recorded in the world. Most home-garden and kitchen barometers indicate that value even once. The lowest air pressure ever by the KNMI is measured in De Bilt is 956.4 hPa on 26 February 1989 . In Flushing was that day measured a pressure of 954.4 hPa, but the age record for the Netherlands amounts to 954.2 hPa, measured on November 27, 1983 in Eelde . The century record of the pressure on the British Isles is 936 hPa measured in the night of 19 on December 20 1982 in northwest Scotland . On 26 January 1884, the air pressure in Scotland was even lower, to 925.6 hPa.

Luchtdrukextremen: De laagste luchtdruk die ooit in De Bilt is gemeten bedraagt 956,4 hPa op 26 februari 1989. In Vlissingen werd die dag een luchtdruk gemeten van 954.4 hPa, maar het eeuwrecord voor ons land bedraagt 954.2 hPa, gemeten op 27 november 1983 in Eelde. Op 26 januari 1932 werd in De Bilt een luchtdruk gemeten van 1050,0 hPa, de hoogste druk ooit door het KNMI gemeten. De luchtdruk was toen enkele dagen achtereen extreem hoog: gemiddeld over 48 uur werd in De Bilt 1048 hPa berekend. Op 2 februari 1993 werd in De Bilt een barometerstand bereikt van 1042 hPa en gemiddeld over de eerste tien dagen (decade) van die maand bedroeg de luchtdruk in De Bilt 1036 hPa, een nieuw record voor deze periode. Het record voor november bedraagt 1044.2 hPa en voor december 1047.0 hPa.-http://www.meteolink.nl/weer-records-nederland-en-de-wereld/

High pressure record for March 2003 -http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/16712/maart_2003_hoogste_luchtdruk_in_maart

http://weergegevens.nl/extremes_mon.aspx?station=9999999&extreem=X_PG&order=2&maand=12&country=3&iscomplete=True&include=True===Netherlands monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure===

Netherlands monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

• January Low pressure record for 23 january 2009 Hoek van Holland, 961.0 hPa.-http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/7855/uitzonderlijk_lage_barometerstanden cyclone Klaus
• May Low pressure record for 5 May 2000 De Bilt 983.5 hPa, which surpassed the previous record set on 13 May 1867 at 984,3 hPa.-http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/11553/luchtdrukrecord_voor_mei_2000
• 27 November 1983, Eelde, Drenthe 954.2 hPa

Schorse in Europe. 26 September 2018 -http://www.severe-weather.eu/mcd/a-record-breaking-high-pressure-system-across-central-europe-today-sept-26th/

• https://twitter.com/JillPeetersWX/status/1044968940521377799
• https://twitter.com/meteoSI/status/1044498114235772928
• https://www.3bmeteo.com/giornale-meteo/meteo-europa---alta-pressione-da-record-anche-in-italia--tutti-i-dettagli-208553
• https://www.facebook.com/ArsoVreme/posts/2156283591062371
• https://www.facebook.com/geoclimat.org/photos/a.832272180166905/2016536188407159/?type=3&theater
• https://twitter.com/i/status/1045347486683066369

Xerxes

• https://twitter.com/EKMeteo/status/1052578232262946816

Germany

The German weather service (DWD) give the

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907,Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1060.8 hPa.http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/generator/DWDWWW/Content/Presse/Broschueren/Wetterrekorde__PDF,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/Wetterrekorde_PDF.pdf
• Lowest air pressure: 27 November 1983 in Emden, Lower Saxony at 954.4 hPa.

Other figures and locations are also presented as -https://wdnow.wordpress.com/2012/01/12/hochdruck-und-tiefdruck-lufdruckrekorde-in-deutschland/

• 23 January 1907 Dahlem (Berlin) 1057.8 hPa. claimed this is an incorrect correction to mslp and correct value is 1056.7 hPa.-http://www.wzforum.de/forum2/read.php?7,1734185,1734847#msg-1734847

http://wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com/neue-luftdruckrekorde-durch-hoch-yoern/

Alternative values on the internet

• 27 November 1983 Bremen 955.4 hPa. which is not lower than the DWD value.
• 26 February 1989 in Osnabrück 949.5 hPa. http://wetterstation-geislingen.de/wetterrekorde.html 948.6

• 16 January 1882 sw e germany >1050-http://meteolive.leonardo.it/meteoforum/post507864.html

Yörn 2016 -http://www.wetter.de/cms/der-satellitenfilm-vom-27-bis-29-dezember-hoch-yoern-macht-richtig-druck-4058432.html

Germany monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Germany based on DWD CDC data 1949-Present (tentative)

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	Altitude (m)	ref	Notes
January	23 January 1907	Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	1060.8			National record.
February	15 February 1959	Mühldorf, Bavaria	1050	405.6
March	4 March 1990	Garmisch Partenkirchen, Bavaria	1048.5	719
April	21 April 2002	Greifswalder Oie, Mecklenberg Vorpommern	1039.3	12		Based on Berlin record.
May	13 May 2019	Norderney, Lower Saxony	1041.1	11.47		Based on NL record.
June	7 June 1962	List on Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein	1037.8	24.7		Based on NL & DK.
July	16 July 2006	Waren (Müritz)	1034.3	72.6		Based on Berlin.
August	4 August 1981	Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Rhineland-Palatinate	1038.3	163		Based on Berlin
September	29 September 2015	Schönhagen (Ostseebad), Schleswig-Holstein	1041.4	0.79		Based on former NL and DK.
October	18 October 1993	Parow Airport	1042.8	4		Based on Berlin.
November	18 November 1985	Arkona	1046.5	42		Based on DK, offshore same value at Kiel Leuchtturm.
December	23 December 1963	Berlin Tempelhof Airport	1049.6	48

Germany monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Germany based on DWD CDC data 1949-Present (tentative)

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	23 January 2009	Kalkar, North Rhine-Westphalia	963.7	alt 31m Based on nl FUB "Joris"
February	26 February 1989	Norderney	957.9	alt 11.47 m based on nl, pl, Berlin
March	25 March 1986	List on Sylt	960.8	CDC based on dk
April	7 April 1959	List on Sylt	979.6	24.7m
May	6 May 1997	Eggebek,	982	17m based on Berlin
June	26 June 2007	Arkona, MKBVP	984.7	Based on Berlin, Augsberg 966.2 hPa 18:00 5 June 1977 appears to be an erroneous value.
July	18 July 1954	Schleswig	983.9	18 July 1954 bad data, based on Berlin
August	25 August 1956	Lingen, Lower Saxony	974.6	DWD CDC based on Berlin
September	21 September 1990	List on Sylt	976.3	Based on Berlin.
October	27 October 1959	List on Sylt	969.1	Based on nl, Berlin only value 968.6 hPa am 7 October 1901.
November	27 November 1983	Emden	954.4	National record. DWD CDC
December	16 December 1962	List on Sylt	960.7	Based on Berlin

German States

• Baden-Württemberg

  High: February 16 1959 Stuttgart-Echterdingen 1046.7 hPa. 15 February 1959 Konstanz 1048.1 hPa (check altitude). supported by 9am reading 1048.1 Konstanz -DWD Climate Data Center.

  1907 24 January, Friedrichshafen 780.5 millimetres of mercury (1,040.6 hPa)

• Bavaria

  1882

  1907 23 January Bamberg 782.8 millimetres of mercury (1,043.6 hPa). seewarte 24 Jan morning Munich 30.80 inches of mercury (1,043 hPa) UK Met DWP

  1959, 15 February Mühldorf 1050 at 9am -DWD Climate Data Center.

  "Ekart" 21 January 2020 Oberstdorf 1050.0 hPa (806m altitude) 20 January 2020 Nuremburg 1047.9 hPa.

  18 February 2015 Straubing and Fürstenfeld, 1043.3 hPa.

• 1976, 2 December 06:00 Würzburg (3 hourly readings) 969.6 hPa.-DWD CDC

• Berlin

  (since 1875)

  Highest Berlin 23 January 1907 1056.6 hPa.

  Lowest Berlin 26 February 1989 965.2 hPa.

  • Berlin min max http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/~manfred/extrema.htm#luftdruck

  https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.fu-berlin.de%2F~manfred%2FDruckextreme.xls

  Berlin area https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.fu-berlin.de%2F~manfred%2FDruckextreme.xls

• Berlin Tempelhof 23 December 1963 1049.6 (21:00 reading, every 3 hrs).-DWD CDC

Monthly figures for atmospheric pressure Berlin (Since 1951)

Month	Max Date	Maximum pressure hPa	Min Date	Minimum pressure hPa	Notes
January	23 January 2006	1049.8	17 January 1955	966.6	23 January 1907 1056.6 hPa.
February	16 February 1959	1048	26 February 1989	965.2
March	15 March 2003	1044.7	1 March 1990	972.7
April	21 April 2002	1037.5	7 April 1959	983.5
May	2 May 1990	1037.5	6 May 1997	984.4
June	13 June 1957	1035.0	26 June 2007	992.6
July	16 July 2006	1032.4	18 July 1954	989.6
August	4 August 1981	1031.5	25 August 1956	984.2
September	7 September 1953	1038.5	21 September 1990	987.2
October	18 October 1993	1042.1	22 October 1974	979.3
November	21 November 1998	1043.3	27 November 1983	966.8
December	23 December 1963	1049.6	16 December 1962	970.2	1049.4 FU Berlin value

• Brandenburg

  1907, 22 January 1907 Potsdam 1049.42 -CRU Emulate data.

  1991, 10 December 1991 Potsdam 1048.08 -CRU Emulate data.

  1989, 26 Feb 14:00 UTC Potsdam 963.9 hPa.-DWD CDC

• Bremen

  1907

  16 Feb 2008 Bremerhaven 1048.

  1983, 27 November Bremen 955.4 hPa 14:00 hrs. DWD cdc

• Hamburg

  1907, 23 January Hamburg 791.9 millimetres of mercury (1,055.8 hPa) 08:00 morning reading Deutsche Seewarte. 23 January 1907 Hamburg 1056.7.Neue Methoden der Wetteranalyse und Wetterprognose Richard Scherhag Springer-Verlag, 9 Mar 2013 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA125&ots=bTCFSSh-Lf&dq=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q=luftdruck%20hoch%201882%20januar&f=false

  1047,7 hPa am 16.02.2008

• 25 December 1821 Hamburg 956.4 hPa.

• Hesse

  15 February 1959 Frankfurt Airport 1048.0 hPa.

• Lower Saxony

  Highest 23 January 1907...Deutsche Seewarte 23 Jan 1907 8:00 am reading at Cuxhaven 791.1 millimetres of mercury (1,054.7 hPa).

  Lowest: 27 November 1983 in Emden, Lower Saxony at 954.4 hPa.

• Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

  23 January 1907,Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1060.8 hPa

Arkona value and Seewarte value 8 am 23 January Wustrow 794.4 millimetres of mercury (1,059.1 hPa).

• 1991, December 10 Goldberg 1049.0 hPa.DWD CDC

  1997, December 16 Ueckermünde 1043.8 hPa.DWD CDC

• North Rhine-Westphalia

  ~probably Feb 1959, the over 60 year old record Essen 1047.8

  17 February 1959 Aachen 1045.6 hPa.https://wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com/luftdruck-im-bereich-der-rekordwerte/ 1932?

  20 January 2020 Cologne Bonn Airport 1049.4 hPa.

  1907, 23 Jan 8 am reading Aachen 785.0 millimetres of mercury (1,046.6 hPa).-seewarte

ologne-Bonn the record should be 1049.7 hPa from February 1959...

1983, 27 November 14:00 and 15:00 UTC Bad Salzuflen 963.2 hPa.-DWD CDC

2009, 23 January 14:00 UTC Kalkar 963.7 hPa.-DWD CDC

1990, 28 February 20:00 UTC Essen-Bredeney 964.8 hPa.-DWD CDC

• Rhineland Palatinate

  Yörn or February 15, 1959 Trier-Petrisberg, 1047.4 hPa.

• Saarland

  15 February 1959 Saarbrücken Airport 1047.4 hPa.Supported by 09:00 reading DWD CDC.

• Saxony

  1907 23 January Dresden 791.1 millimetres of mercury (1,054.7 hPa)

  2020, 20 January Plauen 1048.5 hPa 20:00 hrs DWD Climate Data Center

• Saxony-Anhalt

  1907 23 January Magdeburg 790.8 millimetres of mercury (1,054.3 hPa) seewarte

• Schleswig-Holstein

  1907, 23 January 8am Keitum (Sylt) 792.8 millimetres of mercury (1,057.0 hPa).-seewarte

• Thuringia

  1907 CRU Emulate data 23 January 1907 Jena 1048.44

  1881 CRU Emulate data 16 January 1881 Jena 1047.1

• CRU Emulate give readings ~1046 in location 11/11/1859, 17/1/1882, 27/1/1932, 23/12/1963, and a reading 11/5/1992 (which might be a mistake (though values above 1040 in preceding week, though doesn't fit numbers either side or have support from reanalysis charts)).

CRU low Jena

• 1) 26 Feb 1989 969.32
• 2) 2 Dec 1976 972.58
• 3) 25 Feb 1989 975.37
• 4) 27 Nov 1983 975.39
• 5) 20 Jan 1873 977.30

• 16 December 2011 Jena 972 hPa (storm Joachim) since 1999.https://www.jenaer-nachrichten.de/stadtleben/12537-das-wetter-eah-jena-misst-rekordhoch http://wetter.mb.eah-jena.de/station/index.html

-CDC DWD lowest during Joachim as being 963.8 minima in Brunswick and Lugde-Paenbruch

• 1976 December 2 972.58 Emulate data

Central Europe

Switzerland

• QFE P at location, QNH mean SLP, QFF mean SLP + temp.

• A high pressure from MeteoSwiss: 16 January 1882 at Zürichberg 1047 hPa.

Other high pressures in Switzerland are given as 29 January 1989 Schaffhausen 1047.2 hPa, which was the highest pressure in the country since the 1950s, when values on 15 February 1959 at Kloten 1047.1 hPa. A high value of 1050.2 hPa at Bern on 17 January 1882 is proposed as having occurred (on an internet forum).

15 February 1959 unknown location 1045 hPa. Other high values are given as http://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/actualite/meteosuisse-blog.subpage.html/fr/data/blogs/2016/12/une-pression-atmospherique-record--.html

-http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home/aktuell/meteoschweiz-blog.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2015/4/april-mit-hochdruck-rekord.html

• 27–28 December 2016 record value at astation since 1949, (not MSLP value) http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home/aktuell/meteoschweiz-blog.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2016/12/luftdruck-in-zuerich-in-rekordhoehe.html http://www.meteosvizzera.admin.ch/home/attualita/meteosvizzera-blog.subpage.html/it/data/blogs/2016/12/pressione-alle-stelle.html

Yörn http://wetter.li/de/News/N5678/Dezember-2016_-Ein-Monat-voller-Rekorden%21 unreduced http://wetter.li/de/News/N5675/Rekordhoch-Y%C3%B6rn-beschert-uns-extremen-Luftdruck%21 http://meteonews.ch/de/News/N5675/Rekordhoch-Y%C3%B6rn-beschert-uns-extremen-Luftdruck! http://www.srf.ch/meteo/meteo-news/dezember-2016-rekorde-bei-sonnenschein-und-trockenheit http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/natur/Hoch-Yoern-bringt-Luftdruck-wie-seit-Jahren-nicht-mehr/story/19192335 http://wetterkanal.kachelmannwetter.com/neue-luftdruckrekorde-durch-hoch-yoern/

Switzerland monthly maximum figures

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Switzerland

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	Notes
January	29 January 1989	Schaffhausen	1047.2		Alt 17 January 1882 Zürichberg 1047
February	15 February 1959	Kloten	1047.1		Alt 15 February 1959 unknown location 1045
March	3-4 March 1990	Zürich Airport	~1047
April	7 April 2015	Zürich-Fluntern	1036.5		since 55 years (measurement) at station (not national)
May	22 May 1991 and 13 May 2019	Zurich Kloten	QFE: 981.1 hPA, QNH: 1032.2 hPA	https://twitter.com/srfmeteo/status/1127890549137117184 https://www.srf.ch/meteo/meteo-news/europawetter-kraeftiges-hoch-ueber-der-nordsee
September	26 September 2018	Neuchâtel	978.2 hPa (ou 1036.2 hPa pour le QNH)		Romandy only
December	26 December 2016

Switzerland monthly minimum figures for barometric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Switzerland

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
October	29-30 Octber 2018	Swiss		https://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/content/dam/meteoswiss/de/service-und-publikationen/Publikationen/doc/201810_d.pdf	Named Vaia FUB *October 2018 Vaia depression https://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/content/dam/meteoswiss/fr/service-und-publikationen/publikationen/doc/201810_f.pdf?topic=/content/meteoswiss/tags/topics/klima

7 April 2015, Zürich-Fluntern a new record for April since 55 years was measured with a station pressure of 968.2 hPa (1036.5 hPa reduced to mean sea level). https://www.facebook.com/meteocentrale.ch/posts/1349469565087884

• A low pressure (from internet forums): 26 February 1989 Basel 968 hPa.

http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home/suche.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2015/1/extrem-tiefer-luftdruck.html?query=rekorde+hoch+luftdruck

Bern highest pressure since measurement began a new all-time record was registered at the station with 976.1 hPa (equivalent to sea level 1045.7 hPa) Thus the record value of 4 March 1990 was exceeded by 0.1 hPa.

http://www.prevision-meteo.ch/climat/mensuel/bischofszell/2016 469 alt 1048.3 hPa.

Liechtenstein

A private weather station in Balzers, southwest Liechtensterin reported on 28 December 2016 a value of 1046.4 hPa under the high named Yörn.

Austria

• Deutsche Seewart weather summary gives a value on the morning of 24 January 1907 in Vienna as 790.7 millimetres of mercury (1,054.2 hPa).
• A high pressure on 16 January 1882 northern Austria >1050-http://meteolive.leonardo.it/meteoforum/post507864.html, 16 January 1882 Vienna 1050.5 hPa, the highest there since 1775.

  21 January 2020 Imst 1050.7 hPa.https://wetter.tv/de/a/extrem-hoher-luftdruck 2020 Austia state high values https://www.heute.at/s/wetter-in-osterreich-luftdruck-ist-derzeit-extrem-hoch-50283730#:~:text=Wo%20genau%20ist%20der%20Luftdruck,3%20hPa%20in%20Reutte%20gemessen

• A low pressure could possibly be 2 or 3 Dec 1976 (Based on HU and CZ records) <970 hPa.

746.2 millimetres of mercury (994.9 hPa) klagenfurt-http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Car-I_72_0074-0076.pdf

Poland

• In Poland the record high pressure is listed on 16 December 1997 with 1054.4 hPa recorded in Suwalki.

It is likely 23 January 1907 saw a pressure of 1064.8 ± 0.5 mbar over polish territory. Other high pressures are reported as 1051.1 hPa January 22, 2006, 1050 hPa January 3, 1993 and 1048 hPa 10 December 1991.

• The lowest post WWII value of 965.2 hPa is reported from February 26, 1989 in Szczecin and Lodz.

Reanalysis data show a low record likely occurred on 17 January 1931 when a below 960 hPa low moved over the Baltic skirting the very north of today's Polish territory.

Czech Republic

• 23 January 1907 Brno 1050,3 hPa.

A pressure value above >1050 hPa is also proposed on internet forums on 16 January 1882.

• Lowest (26?) February 1989 Čáslav 967 hPa appeared in press citing a Czech Hydrometeorological Institute employee.

Alternate low records are cited on the internet: 26 February 1989 at Mariánské Lázně 967,3 hPa, also 2 December 1976 Hradec Králové 970.1 hPa.

since 1950 above 1046 in 1959, 1991, 2006, 2019.https://www.in-pocasi.cz/clanky/vyznacne/vyse-evropa-19.1.2020/

Slovakia

• Highest air pressure according to a social media post of Slovakian Hydrometeorological Institute: 24 January 1907 Hurbanovo 1055.4 hPa.

>absolute record fell in 1907, when the air pressure in our territory was around 1055 hPa.-https://www.topky.sk/cl/10/1854365/Na-Slovensko-sa-vali-rekordne-vysoky-tlak--Varovanie--Toto-nam-hrozi

• Czech met soc estimate pressure in Slovakia 1907 ~1060 hPa.

• Lowest air pressure: unknown, possibly 2 or 3 December 1976 (based on CZ and HU records) <970 hPa.-http://www.wetterzentrale.de/pics/archive/ra/1976/Rrea00119761203.gif

• http://www.shmu.sk/sk/?page=2049&id=587

Hungary

The Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ) gives the following values:

• Highest air pressure: 24 January 1907 Budapest 1055.9 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 2 December 1976 Nagykanizsa 968.6 hPa.

Slovenia

The Slovenian Environment Agency tweeted that pressure on 20 January 2020 reached 1048 hPa, slightly below the values seen on January 24 1907 and 24 December 1963.

• A high pressure: 30 January 1989 Ljubljana and Novo Mesto, 1047 hPa.

During this high pressure Maribor Airport and Murska Sobota saw a peak of 1046 hPa, in Nova Gorica 1040 hPa and 1039 hPa in Portoroz.

• A low pressure: 30 January 2015, in the middle of the day, the air pressure in our unusually low, the conversion value at sea level will amount to only about 970 hPa (ie. Mbar), which will be among the lowest levels in decades.

Nad osrednjo in jugovzhodno Evropo se je zadrževal izjemno močan anticiklon, v Sloveniji so bile izmerjene rekordno visoke vrednosti zračnega tlaka. Ob 7. uri zjutraj je tlak, preračunan na morski nivo, v Murski Soboti znašal 1052 hPa, v Mariboru 1051 hPa, v Novem mestu 1050 hPa in v Ljubljani 1049 hPa.

attributed to ARSO 24 December 1963, An extremely strong anticyclone hovered over Central and South-Eastern Europe, and record high air pressure values were measured in Slovenia. At 7 o'clock in the morning, the pressure, calculated at sea level, was 1052 hPa in Murska Sobota, 1051 hPa in Maribor, 1050 hPa in Novo mesto and 1049 hPa in Ljubljana. https://www.slovreme.net/preteklost.asp?l=2016&m=12&d=24 http://mbizilj.blogspot.com/2012/12/zanimivi-vremenski-dogodki-24-decembra.html https://twitter.com/vremenolovec/status/1219324734678192129/photo/1

1048 hPa 5 January 1993-https://web.archive.org/web/20160204103519/http://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/app/text.html?/uploads/probase/www/climate/text/sl/onThisDay.html

Croatia

• Highest air pressure: January 1907 Gradec, Zagreb 1049 hPa.

(provisionally) 20 January 2020 Maksimir, Zagreb 1047.8 hPa.

Previously 17 February 2008, 1047.0 hPa.

CRU Emulate data Zagreb 1862-2000 https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/projects/emulate/LANDSTATION_MSLP/CORRECTED/EMULATE_ZAGREB_TS_DIURNAL_A.ASC 1050.99 24 January 1907 1047.50 15 Jan 1882 1045.75 13 Feb 1959

Romania

Deutsche Seewarte give an evening reading on 24 January 1907 Sibiu (Hermannstadt) 791.1 millimetres of mercury (1,054.7 hPa).

Serbia

Deutsche Seewarte give an evening reading on 24 January 1907 Belgrade of 791.2 millimetres of mercury (1,054.8 hPa).

Ukraine

Kiev CRU Emulate 1907 1 23 1057.78

 1907     1    24   1056.48

Italy

• A high pressure: 16 January 1882, Turin 1049.3 hPa.-http://datimeteoasti.it/landamento-del-clima-a-torino-dal-settecento-a-oggi/

• A low pressure: 2 December 1976, Turin 971.7 hPa.-http://datimeteoasti.it/landamento-del-clima-a-torino-dal-settecento-a-oggi/

17 February 2008, 1043.7 hPa -http://www.mirandolameteo.it/recordstorici.html Pressione atmosferica massima 1042.6mb at Rome on 16th.https://www.netweather.tv/forum/topic/67928-high-pressure-dominated-middle-of-january-1882/ Trieste 1046. 16 jan 1882 and similar 17 feb 2008 1046-http://www.umfvg.org/drupal/node/203

Emulate data 16 January 1882 and 24 January 1907 in Milan both at 1046.7 hPa.-https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/projects/emulate/LANDSTATION_MSLP/CORRECTED/EMULATE_MILAN_TS_DIURNAL_AD.ASC Emulate dirunal value Padua 1046.56 24 January 1907

1882 gazeta ufficiale del regno d'italia. 16 feb, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y5BQAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA1084&ots=YgNmDI589g&dq=alta%20pressione%20italiano&pg=PA740#v=onepage&q=alta%20pressione%20italiano&f=false 17 feb, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y5BQAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA756&ots=YgNmDI6aej&dq=pressione%20febbraio%201882&pg=PA756#v=onepage&q=pressione%20febbraio%201882&f=false 20 feb, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y5BQAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA1084&ots=YgNmDI589g&dq=alta%20pressione%20italiano&pg=PA796#v=onepage&q=alta%20pressione%20italiano&f=false

Turin http://datimeteoasti.it/landamento-del-clima-a-torino-dal-settecento-a-oggi/ The minimum atmospheric pressure: 971.7 hPa (December 2nd, 1976) [ card 500 hPa , paper 850 hPa ] The maximum atmospheric pressure: 1049.3 hPa (16 January 1882) [ card 500 hPa , paper 850 hPa ] "Il clima di Torino", published in 2008 Gennaro di Napoli and Luca Mercalli

~January 21 2020~

• Concordia Sagittaria, Veneto 1048 hPa.
• Bolzano, South Tyrol, 1048 hPa.

RIVISTA AGRARIA METEOROLOGICA DELL' ANNO 1882 https://www.jstor.org/stable/45248215?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A4eb8170cd3c7e29b29c3aff8006e6032&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents

Italy monthly maximum figure for atmospheric pressure

• September 2018 -http://forum.meteo4.com/showthread.php?25315-26-settembre-2018-PRESSIONE-RECORD!!!

Italy monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Italy

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref	Notes 1	CRU EMULATE diurnal pressure 1850-1998
January	23 January 1897	Turin	978.0		*investigate 29 January 2015 968 (not found)hPa http://www.arpa.veneto.it/temi-ambientali/meteo/riferimenti/documenti/documenti-meteo/20150210_Pressione_Gennaio.pdf	CRU EMULATE Milan 23 Jan 1897 982
February	26 February 1989	Turin	972.1			CRU EMULATE Milan 26 Feb 1989 978.54
March	19 March 1797	Turin	976.9		*975.2 hPa il 5 Marzo 2009-http://www.mirandolameteo.it/recordstorici.html	CRU EMULATE Milan 28 March 1864 985
October	20 October 20 1825	Turin	979.7			CRU EMULATE 28 Oct 1959 Milan 984.47
December	2 December 1976,	Turin	971.7			CRU Emulate Milan 2 Dec 1976 977.1

Italy list of atmospheric pressure below 980 hPa (incomplete)

Pressure below 980 hPa recorded only 7 times in Italy peninsular from the late eighteenth century to the present (always in central north). Never less than 970 hPa.

• 19 March 1797, Turin 976.9 hPa
• 20 October 1825, Turin 979.7 hPa
• 23 February 1879, Turin 979.3 hPa
• 23 January 1897, Turin 978.0 hPa
• 2 December 1976 Turin 971.7 hPa
• 26 February 1989 Turin 972.1 hPa

to which can be added

• 5 March 2009, it's down to 978 hPa (provisional value not yet validated, and referred to the area of ​​Turin Caselle).

Pressione atmosferica piu' bassa: 975.2 hPa il 5 Marzo 2009-http://www.mirandolameteo.it/recordstorici.html

• December 1999 Cavallino Treporti, Veneto 976.5 hPa.
• March 2006 Cavallino Treporti, Veneto 976 hPa.
• 30 January 2015 Asiago and Malo, Veneto 974 hPa.

investigate 29 January 2015 968hPa

Iberia

>1050 along north coast of Spain in January 1905 31.0 inches of mercury (1,050 hPa).

Spain

High pressure Iberia 2015(felix elon)

• A provisional highest atmospheric pressure: 9 January 2015 Castile and León ~1050 hPa. Benavente, Zamora reached 1050.6 hPa breaking the previous record from 10 December 1980 at L'Estartit north eastern Spain at 1045 hPa.

• http://www.cazatormentas.net/el-anticiclonazo-puede-batir-registros-historicos-de-presion-atmosferica/

1905 DWR additions 30 January Corunna 30.92 inches of mercury (1,047 hPa).https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_04af3c6b-d669-465f-b7f5-e701579a24f2/

On 29 January 1905 Instituto Central Meteorológico report in Santander an evening reading of 788.5 millimetres of mercury (1,051.2 hPa).

• A low air pressure: February 1941, Santander 950 hPa.

Balearic islands

• Highest air pressure: 9 January 2015, Ibiza Airport 1041.1 hPa. The 9 January 2015 air pressure was 0.3 hPa more than the previous record from January 1983.

Gibraltar

From CRU Emulate dataset 1850-2002 1903 feb 21 1038.68 hPa, 1983 jan 26 1038.47 hPa (1039.6 https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/1983/1/26/Historical-Weather-on-Wednesday-January-26-1983-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure 9 January 2015 30.775 inhg ~1042 hPa https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/2015/1/9/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-January-9-2015-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure),

1851 June 2 986.74 hPa.

• 8 Nov 2014 29.09 inches of mercury (985 hPa).https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/2014/11/28/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-November-28-2014-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure
• 7 March 1991 29.09 inches of mercury (985 hPa).https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/1991/3/7/Historical-Weather-on-Thursday-March-7-1991-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure

10 February 1979 28.94 inches of mercury (980 hPa).https://weatherspark.com/h/d/147711/1979/2/10/Historical-Weather-on-Saturday-February-10-1979-at-Gibraltar-International-Airport-Gibraltar#Figures-Pressure

Portugal

• Highest air pressure: 9 January 2015 Chaves and Bragança, Portugal 1050.3 hPa. The first time values over 1050 hPa had been recorded in continental Portugal.

• A low air pressure: 15 February 1941 Évora 931 hPa is reported by one source, which also reports a minimum value of 937 hPa in Coimbra and 950 hPa in Lisbon during the passage of this low pressure. Other sources only give minimum values of around 950 hPa in Lisbon as the minimum during the passage of this low.

Coimbra !?937 hPa.http://www.meteopt.com/forum/topico/severa-tempestade-de-15-fevereiro-1941-em-portugal.793/

Braganca values of 1046.1 hPa, recorded on January 6, 2005 and 1045.4 recorded in February 1989 were the highest values of atmospheric pressure https://www.gpp.pt/images/Agricultura/Seca/meteo_jan2015.pdf

Malta

1961 to 1990 The highest value of 1,029.1 hPa was reached during January.

9 January 2015 >1035 hPa according to KNMI analysis chart -http://www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/klimatologie/daggegevens/weerkaarten 2004-present 9 Jan 2015 30.62 inches of mercury (1,037 hPa)https://weatherspark.com/h/d/148306/2015/1/9/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-January-9-2015-at-Malta-International-Airport-Malta#Figures-Pressure

31 December 2006 and 1 January 2007 30.71 inches of mercury (1,040 hPa)https://weatherspark.com/h/d/148306/2006/12/31/Historical-Weather-on-Sunday-December-31-2006-at-Malta-International-Airport-Malta#Figures-Pressure

• 7 Nov 2014 Malta international Airport 29.06 inches of mercury (984 hPa) https://weatherspark.com/h/d/148306/2014/11/7/Historical-Weather-on-Friday-November-7-2014-at-Malta-International-Airport-Malta#Figures-Pressure
• {{convert29.12

Emulate 1869 3 23 989.91

25 January 1907 8 am morning reading only Malta 777.4 millimetres of mercury (1,036.4 hPa).https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Docs/Foreign-Climate-Data/Egypt-Climate-Data#o44513570

Greece

• A high pressure: 24 January 1907 Athens 8 am daily morning reading 787.7 millimetres of mercury (1,050.2 hPa).

https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Docs/Foreign-Climate-Data/Egypt-Climate-Data#o44513570

Cyprus

24 and 25 January 1907 Limassol 8 am morning readings only 774.2 millimetres of mercury (1,032.2 hPa).https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Docs/Foreign-Climate-Data/Egypt-Climate-Data#o44513570

Notable North Atlantic non-tropical pressures

• https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2209510/ Jan 7 1952, Jan 15 1933, feb 8 1925

• ✔ ERICA IOP-4 5 January 1989 60W 40N 938 hPa http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281993%29121%3C2452%3ASOOEIM%3E2.0.CO%3B2
• Kurt (pre lothar)

• ✔ 1989 29 October 926 hPa http://www.wetterzentrale.de/maps/archive/1989/cfsr/CFSR_1_1989102918_1.png https://twitter.com/WorldClimateSvc/status/1050814054367932418

• 1990 January - (8 January 939 mb) MWLhttps://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112104094245;view=1up;seq=53 In January 1990, for example, an extreme storm hit the south coast of Iceland. At its peak intensity, the atmospheric pressure plunged to 928 millibars at a location 200 km southwest of the country.

• 10 February 2011 "Paolini" 935 hPa http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/Lebensgeschichten/Tief_PAOLINI_11_02_11.htm http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Prognose_20110211.gif .24 HOUR FORECAST LOW E OF AREA NEAR 56N32W 928 MB. OVER https://www.americanwx.com/bb/topic/13167-intense-natl-low/ 935http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_11/MWL_1211.pdf

• Anne 951 hPa MWL http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201408/northatlantic.shtml

• "Nadja" 938 http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/201408/northatlantic.shtml

• 7 January 2015 SW of Greenland low named "Christian" by FUB 936 hPa.http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20150107.gif 940 FUBhttp://www.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/Lebensgeschichten/Tief_CHRISTIAN_05_01_15.htm

• Rachel/Hermann 14-15 January 2015 http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Images/ImageLibrary/DAT_2520477.html see lacunae/22 943 hPa

• 20 December 2016 in region of Jan Mayen low named "Zarina" by FUB 937 hPa.-http://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2187023/ (technically Arctic Ocean) UK Met office 00utc 21 December chart also 937. MWL 940 hPa 70N 13W at 0000 UTC on

the 21 December.

• 25 feb 2017 https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/835243314790207489 UDO (FUB) 939 NWS OPC 25 feb,-https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/835243314790207489 https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/835512308877127680 lowest on Met Office charts, 940 isobar FUB 25 feb

http://oceanweatherservices.com/blog/2017/02/23/938mb-hurricane-force-storm-forecast-off-greenland/

• 21 October 2017 938 hPa Met Office surface chart for 22 october 0000UTC. FUB "Florenz" http://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2204816/

• 15 January 2018 Evi 940 hPa-https://twitter.com/Meteorologene/status/951870709608960006

935 1800 UTC 14 Jan 2018 UKMO Analysis http://www1.wetter3.de/Archiv/UKMet/18011418_UKMet_Analyse.gif, 940 FUB http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20180115.gif , 950 dwd tdt https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2018/1/14.html Trausti 934 https://twitter.com/hungurdiskar/status/952559367584387074

• 8 January 2020 Bianca DWD just below 940, UKMO analysis nadir over arctic .http://www1.wetter3.de/Archiv/UKMet/20010806_UKMet_Analyse.gif https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2020/1/7.html

https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2244563/

• 10-11 January 2020 Elisa ukmo chart 943

• 13 Jan Brendan 939 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-51174008

• ✔7 February Ruth 935 FUB, 928 gfs, nws opc 930 https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/1225917997610500097

• ✔14 February 2020 Uta 933

• 15 February 20202 Victoria (Dennis) https://twitter.com/SimonLeeWx/status/1228771725954965510

Long-term trends

10.1038/news030317-6

1950–2015 trend in MSLP (hPa -1) Dec–Feb

long term analysis by Stephen Burt

appears to be a correlation between record high and low (1907), which could be...

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7557/full/nature14550.html

Decline in Siberian High intensity is observed in tandem with the positive mode of the Arctic oscillation. Spatial correlation analyses indicate that enhanced cyclogenetic conditions over the eastern flank of the Icelandic Low are associated with a milder Siberian High. http://www.theweatheroutlook.com/twoother/latest.aspx?type=buzz&id=3426&title=Winters+have+got+milder

Recent

more recently high pressure 13 March 2015 above 1050. Luisa, 15 March 2015 highest air pressure value for 20 years in Sweden, 1049.8 hPa max in Sweden at Vilhelmina Airport. The Finnish station Lappeenranta Hiekkapakka recorded 1055.1 hPa 10 o'clock 16 March. I och för sig rapporterades hela 1055,8 hPa från norska Finsevatn Finsevatnet under söndagsmorgonen, men eftersom den stationen ligger 1 210 meter över havet så blir det alltid en viss osäkerhet när man försöker korrigera lufttrycket att motsvara havets nivå. >1050 centred over Lake Ladoga 16 march

cooper/dieter >1050 swe fin ru ee dk no lv-http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20120208.gif

Notes

The unit of pressure in the International System (SI) is the Newton per metre squared (Nm-2) to which has been given the name Pascal and the symbol Pa. The unit for measuring atmospheric pressure for international meteorological purposes, however, remains the millibar (mb).1 mb = 100 Pa = 1 hPa = 33.864 inches

See also

Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom -remove duplication of pressure under winds section. United_Kingdom_weather_records List_of_weather_records -make other Barometric/Atmospheric pressure -see also to list of this page

External links

• Climatic Research Unit corrected MSLP data for Emulate
  • !TEMP! location facit
• http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/data_rescue_germany.html#top
• http://eca.knmi.nl/

List of atmospheric pressure records in North America (and Pacific)

Greenland

Model forecast MSLP over central Greenland should always be interpreted with significant uncertainty because the surface is at 700 hPa / 3km above sea level -https://twitter.com/SimonLeeWx/status/1597600418452103169

https://twitter.com/dmidk/status/1377601722038812672

http://www.meteolink.nl/weer-records-nederland-en-de-wereld/ Luchtdruk: Hoogst: 1059,6 hPa, 18 januari 1958 in Upernarvik Laagst: 936,2 hPa, 14 december 1986, 16 januari 1988 resp. Ikermiuarsuk en Paamiut

DMI 1958-2016 http://www.dmi.dk/groenland/arkiver/vejrekstremer/ Højeste lufttryk: 1059,6 hPa 18. januar 1958 Upernavik

Laveste lufttryk: 936,2 hPa 14. december 1986 Ikermiuarsuk 16. januar 1988 Paamiut

15 January 1940 1070 hPa est with 15 January 1940 Myggbukta, Greenland 1064.8 reported by Norwegians https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8WSXBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=16+Jan+1882++luftdruck&source=bl&ots=bTCFQTl2Hc&sig=5kya5z4POJ5K9iYEw1hFLQ0sw-s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiu2MOcyKzOAhXTFsAKHW9DB2IQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=16%20Jan%201882%20%20luftdruck&f=false

1062.3 hectopascals (millibars) at 06.00 this morning was the previous record of 1059.6 millibars set 18 January 1958 in Upernarvik http://www.adressa.no/vaeret/article7270389.ece http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Malte-monster-hoytrykk-i-Arktis-124933b.html

Research has suggested that very quiet solar periods with reduced sunspot activity are connected to zones of high pressure in the high latitudes, which favor colder than normal air in the eastern United States and Western Europe. Records for high pressure over Greenland were set in 2009-2010, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/06/21/its-very-early-but-signs-are-growing-that-next-winter-could-be-snowy-in-washington/?Ssfdsdfsfddsfsdfds&utm_term=.7e2165c9bacd

https://trj.blog.is/blog/trj/entry/2276639/

Canada

La pression atmosphérique (réduite au niveau de la mer) la plus élevée a été enregistrée à Dawson, Yukon avec 1079,50 hPa le 02/02/1989 ;

La pression atmosphérique (réduite au niveau de la mer) la plus basse a été de 940,20 hPa à Rue Anthony, Nfld le 20/01/1977 ; http://la.climatologie.free.fr/record0.htm#divers

while the lowest on record at Gander, Newfoundland between 1942 and 1971 was 946.3mbar on 9 February 1964 (Ludlum 1971).Burt1986

USA

https://www.wunderground.com/resources/pressure_records.asp?MR=1 http://www.weather.gov/gid/106227

• highest 31 January 1989 Northway, Alaska 1078.6 hPa 31.85 inHg.

The highest measured barometric pressure in the U.S. is 1078.6 millibars which was recorded on January 31, 1989 -http://www.weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/arctic-blast-record-high-pressure-plains at Dawson City, Yukon, next door to Alaska, but in Canada a higher reading of 1079.6 mb (31.88”) was measured a few days later on February 2, 1989.- http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=51 +In the contiguous United States, the highest-pressure reading yet measured is 1064 mb (31.42”) at Miles City, Montana on December 24, 1983. Many people may remember this as the coldest Christmas in modern U.S. history (at least for almost everywhere east of the Rockies).The second highest pressure was also recorded in Montana, this time at Helena on January 10, 1962 with a reading of 1063.3 mb (31.40”). The cold wave associated with this event was just as extreme as that of 1989. The January 1962 event is considered the greatest anti-cyclone ever observed in the United Sates although its point maximum is just shy of that of in 1983.

2015 http://www.weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/arctic-blast-record-high-pressure-plains +Extreme anti-cyclones are not unique to land masses. Stephen Burt points out that a mid-Atlantic anti-cyclone resulted in a pressure of 1057 mb (31.21”) at a location around 51°N 27°W on January 28, 2003.

A value of 31.43 in (1063.6 mbars) was recorded at Barrow, AK, on 3 January 1970 (Schmidli, 1983). This is the record high pressure for the U.S.

North America’s highest sea level pressure is 31.85 in (1078.6 mbars) and was recorded at Northway, AK [62”59’N, 141043’ W] on 31 January 1989 (Ludlum, 1989; LeComte, 1990). Ludlum notes that during January 1989, a massive Siberian high pressure system brought record cold temperatures to over 20 stations in Alaska. Temperatures dipped to -76°F (-60”C) at Tanana and -75°F (-59.4”C) at McGrath, and Nome had its coldest month since records began in 1906. This record high pressure surpassed the old record of 31.53 in (1067.7 mbars) that occurred at Mayo, Yukon Territory, Canada on 1 January 1974 (Schmidli, 1983), and appeared in the 1985 version of “World Weather Extremes.”

Central Nebraska Regional Airport at Grand Island reached 1056.9 millibars around mid-day on the 7th, breaking the previous high sea level pressure record of 1054.5 millibars set back on December 24, 1983.-http://www.weather.gov/gid/106227

• Lowest

January_1913_Atlantic_coast_storm The lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading, 955.0 mb (28.20 inHg), for a non-tropical system in the continental United States (CONUS) was recorded during this storm at Canton, New York.[2][3]

equalled at Block Island, Rhode Island on 7 March 1932 (Ludlum 1962). Burt1986

October_2010_North_American_storm_complex, The cyclone's lowest minimum pressure of 953 mbar (28.11") made it the most intense extratropical cyclone ever recorded in the continental United States, surpassing the lowest US pressure of 958 mbar from the Great Ohio Blizzard of 1978.

https://thinkprogress.org/masters-strongest-storm-ever-recorded-in-the-midwest-smashes-all-time-pressure-records-1bb37c7a7667#.sl6jvdxw0

On the West Coast the lowest pressure measured on land was 962 mb (28.40”) at Quillayute, Washington on December 1, 1987. However, a ship near the mouth of the Umpqua River in Oregon measured a pressure of 955 mb (28.20”) during the Storm King of Jan.9, 1880.http://www.climate.washington.edu/stormking/January1880.html

US cities records-https://www.wunderground.com/resources/pressure_records.asp

North America’s lowest sea level pressure (TROPICAL) is 26.35 in (892.3 mbars) and occurred at Matecumbe Key, FL, U.S. [-24”56N, 80°37’ W], on 2 September 1935 (Schmidli,1983).

Sandy 940? Don't forget about the Norfolk and Long Island hurricane of 1821. You could say that the observations aren't reliable(1821..:whistle:) but the wind obs(adjusted for latitude), argue for something below or around 930mb. The classic 1938 long island express bottomed out around 938mb.https://www.americanwx.com/bb/topic/13167-intense-natl-low/

949.5mb - September 21, 1938 (Hurricane of '38)https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/weather-news/stories/exceptionally-low-barometric-pressure/2220629/

Alaska lowest August https://twitter.com/Climatologist49/status/1300296620441874434 Alaska lowest-https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/extrema-hogtryck-och-lagtryck-kring-arsskiftet-1.167539

Pacific

Aleutian cyclone 2015 924 hPa tying the record for lowest wintertime pressure in the North Pacific Ocean since records began in the winter of 1969-1970. The low equals the record set by post-tropical Nuri November_2014_Bering_Sea_cyclone (920 hPa) in November 2014.

• http://mashable.com/2015/12/15/massive-alaska-storm/#J38Xi2sk8iqE
• https://www.facebook.com/NWSOPC/videos/973195089405889/
• https://twitter.com/NWSOPC/status/676053741393616896
• https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/bering-sea-superstorm-alaska-aleutians-20141105
• https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2014/11/08/bering-sea-storm-now-strongest-on-record-in-north-pacific/

25-26 de octubre de 1977. Dutch Harbor, en la isla Aleutian de Unalaska, registró una presión mínima de 926 mb en la tarde del 25 de octubre.http://www.tiempo.com/ram/25845/los-records-del-mundo-de-bajas-presiones-parte-iii-y-final/ 926, Burt.

April 6 2011, Bering Sea on April 6th with a minimum pressure of 939 mb (27.73”).

S Korea

Lowest: Sarah 1959 951.5 hPa

• Maysak 3 Sept 2020, Tongyeong 952.5 hPa-https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1301453496672120833
• Maemi 2003, 954 hPa https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1301172428177981443

https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2020/09/typhoons-maysak-and-hashien-may-deal-south-korea-a-one-two-punch/

Japan

https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1300968941074882561 https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/morisayaka/20200904-00196299/ https://twitter.com/sayakasofiamori/status/1571410700144345088 https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/09/hurricane-fiona-deluges-puerto-rico-typhoon-nandamol-hits-japan/

Arctic

[August] An intense cyclone is currently moving into the Arctic Ocean & deepening as it interacts with an upstream TPV. The GFS modeled MSLP min of 967 hPa would be near the record lowest for the North American side of the Arctic per an hourly 1979-2018 ERA5 climo (h/t @splillo). https://twitter.com/burgwx/status/1164944382509928449 https://twitter.com/splillo/status/1164936322877931521

So Hem

1048 Trewin http://forum.weatherzone.com.au/ubbthreads.php/topics/74443/Very_high_atmospheric_pressure

Aus

Australia’s highest pressure on record was 1044.3 mb (30.84”) at Launceston, Tasmania on June 7, 1967.https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/world-and-us-anticyclonic-high-barometric-pressure-records

An estimate, based on Dvorak intensity, during Cyclone Monica in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria. The U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated a pressure of 879 mb (25.96”) and perhaps as low as 869 mb (25.66”) based on the Dvorak intensity on April 23, 2006. These figures, however, are not accepted by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology that places a minimum pressure for the storm at 905 mb (26.72”) on the same date and location. The lowest pressure actually measured in Australia was also 905 mb on the North Rankin A Gas Platform of the coast of Western Australia during Cyclone Orson on April 22, 1989.It was later surpassed by Severe Tropical Cyclone Gwenda in 1999 when that storm attained a pressure of 900 hPa (mbar).

NZ

Highest

1045.9 set in Wellington in 1889.

Niwa the highest air pressure ever recorded in the South Island and Chatham Islands has just been recorded at 1044hPa, the centre of the high (East of East Cape) is estimated to today touch 1050hPa. South island record at this point?

Lowest

The lowest on record for New Zealand is 954 mbar at Taiaroa Head, Otago Peninsula on 16 January 1939, although 945.1 mbar was recorded at Campbell Island (52°S 169°W, almost midway between New Zealand and Antarctica) on 18 July 1982 (Collen 1983), the lowest at that site since records commenced in 1941.

Falkland Islands

955 hPa

South Georgia

In the South Atlantic the lowest recorded pressure at Grytviken on South Georgia (54° 16' S 36° 30' W) in 36 years 1929-64 was 942mbar (Meteorological Office 1967),

Antarctica

casey

Aside from this remarkable figure the lowest other readings from the region include 934 mb (27.59”) at Halley Bay, Antarctica on Aug. 11, 1994, 942 mb (27.82”) at Grytviken on South Georgia Island (54° 16’S 36° 30’W) sometime between 1929-1964, and 945.1 mb (28.17”) at Campbell Island located about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica (52°S 69°W) on July 18, 1982.https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/world-and-us-lowest-barometric-pressure-records

https://www.tiempo.com/ram/borrasca-record-de-bajas-presiones-de-900-hpa-sorprende-a-los-meteorologos.html 923 https://twitter.com/WxTca/status/1581856999154733057

Russian winter (meteorology)

"Beast from the east", russian whip, nl siberian bear

1991 (no ssw) hig pressure Norway.cold winter weather in Western Europe is not always the result of an SSW. This is clearly visible when we look at the five coldest February months in the Netherlands, based on the cold number, over the past 60 years. In these years only the cold February of 1963 was preceded by an SSW, the others of 1985, 1986, 1991 and 2012 did not follow an SSW. The SSW of 12 February this year was the harbinger of the current winter cold in the Netherlands, which was predicted for a long time by the weather models.-http://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/koude-week-door-verzwakte-poolwervel

planetary vorticity -http://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/02/08/when-does-a-displaced-polar-vortex-becomes-a-split-vortex/ polar vortex splits and bombs http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/01/17/1179397/-Sudden-Stratospheric-Warming-Split-the-Polar-Vortex-in-Two

"Russian Winter" http://www.livescience.com/31153-keeping-europe-cold-snowy.html http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2012-02-14

"The ice-free areas of the ocean act like a heater as the water is warmer than the Arctic air above it. This favours the formation of a high-pressure system near the Barents Sea, which steers cold air into Europe."confirmed a link between the loss of Arctic sea ice and the development of high-pressure zones in the polar region, which influence wind patterns at lower latitudes further south.But UK climate researcher Adam Scaife said other complexities are almost certainly influencing the current cold spell. "There is a pretty clear link between the current event and the upper level winds... The winds up at 30km (18.6 miles) altitude are very weak," he said. "We have verified several times using computer model experiments that this leads to high pressure across northern Europe and cold winter conditions in the UK as we see now."-http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/science-behind-the-big-freeze-is-climate-change-bringing-the-arctic-to-europe-6358928.html

National ice days

1956, 12-18 feb Sweden-https://www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/langre-perioder-med-nationella-isdygn-1.131313 and https://www.smhi.se/kunskapsbanken/vad-ar-isdygn-och-frostdygn-1.35582

schweiz-62-63 http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home.subpage.html/de/data/blogs/2018/2/eiszeit-in-der-schweiz.html

1956

Three extreme instances of 1000–500mbar thicknesses of 500dam or lower have been recorded in the UK during the last 60 years: in a northerly airflow at Stornoway, Outer Hebrides, where exactly 500dam was measured by radiosonde at 1200 utc on 7 February 1969; at Hemsby, Norfolk, where 497dam was reported at 1200 utc on 1 February 1956 and, again at 1200 utc, on 12 January 1987. For our purposes, we shall define these rare cold pools of 500dam or lower over the UK in winter as extreme. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.666/full

1956 cold Austria http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MittNatVerSt_87_0069-0073.pdf “It’s the worst snow since 1956,”http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/02/05/tragic-winter-weather-in-europe-doesnt-fit-the-mannian-narrative/ 1956 cold wave France http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/33129618-fevrier-1956-vague-de-froid-en-france

from Cold wave-*1956 European cold wave – February 1956 was the coldest month of the twentieth century over large areas of Western Europe, with mean temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) as far south as Marseilles being utterly unprecedented in records dating back into the eighteenth century.

2012

The strong surface anticyclone was associated with a strong mid-tropospheric anticyclone at 500 hPa. Strong anticyclones over Russiaridging into Western Europe are historically linked to record cold episodes in central and WesternEurope. Similar to previous massive anticyclones over Russia, this anticyclone pushed arcticair into eastern,central, eventually into WesternEurope. the anticyclone was able to tap cold air from Siberia and advect it westward and this second air mass was considerable colder than the initial “news worthy” air mass which affected the region on 30-31 January 2012. After that, the high pressure system further developed and expanded over northwestern Russia and northern Europe. In accordance with the westward expansion of the high pressure system, cold air mass around Kazakhstan flowed westward over the southern side of the high pressure and reached eastern and central Europe in early February.

Climatologies of northern hemisphere anticyclones (Galarneauet al. 2008;Bell and Bosart 1989, and Barriopedro2006) suggestthis event occurred in region where closed500 hPa anticyclones and surface anticyclonestypically form during the winter months.Interestingly, northern hemispheric blocking events were found to be stronger and more frequent during La Niña year than El Niño years.

Based on NCEP/NCAS re-analysis data pressure greater than 1064 hPa observed (globally/nth hemosphere???) observed 941 times since 1948. Values over 1080 hPa observed 6 times, with three occurrences in winter 1958, and one time each in 1955, 1960 and 2010. (misses or omits the record value 1968) http://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/2012/02/09/whats-bringing-the-cold-weather-to-europe-and-the-uk/

"*No* blocky N Atl winters since '70 outside +/- 2 yrs of solar mins. Probably not coincidence. Next min 4-5 yrs away "https://twitter.com/tcrawf_nh/status/646702459646251008

BAMS 2012 SIDEBAR 7.4: COLD SPELL IN EURASIA IN WINTER 2011/12— B. MÜHR, C. EHMANN, P. BISSOLLI, D. PARKER, J. KENNEDY, S. TANAKA, AND K. YOSHIMATSU Mühr, B., C. Ehmann, P. Bissoli, D. Parker, J. Kennedy, S. Tanaka, K. Yoshimatsu, 2013: Cold Spell in Eurasia in Winter 2011/12, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 182-183.

El Nino & Russian winters

El Niño Years 1902-1903 1905-1906 1911-1912 1914-1915 1918-1919 1923-1924 1925-1926 1930-1931 1932-1933 1939-1940 1941-1942 1951-1952 1953-1954 1957-1958 1965-1966 1969-1970 1972-1973 1976-1977 1982-1983 1986-1987 1991-1992 1994-1995 1997-1998 -http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/eln/def.rxml

solar minima -http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/paulhudson/entries/d99e9ee4-2a79-3500-a1d4-07028ecb58d1 List_of_solar_cycles

Cold winters in Europe

Great_Frost_of_1709

1940 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0jzs_YndQecC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=high+air+pressure+europe&source=bl&ots=rFnAEyF4EZ&sig=FW9WUBlXnB4CMt4DrLunZcxuhsI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwirjYuDrtnIAhUDPj4KHVfcDn8#v=onepage&q=high%20air%20pressure%20europe&f=false