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Microchannel in microtechnology is a channel with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm, usually 1–99 μm.^[1] Microchannels are used in fluid control (see Microfluidics), heat transfer (see Micro heat exchanger) and cell migration observation.^[2] They are more efficient than their 'marco' counterparts, because of a high surface-area to volume ratio yet posses a multitude of challenges due to their small size.^[3]

Materials

Different types of materials are required for the different uses of microchannels. These are the three main categories.^[4]

Polymeric and glass substrates

polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used as a solution to a wide range of microfluidic devices due to it's low cost and easier fabricating methods.^[4] Silicon elastomers can be used for situations in which elasticity and deformation is necessary.^[5]

Metallic substrates

Metallic substrates are often chosen for their advantageous metallic properties, such as withstanding high temperatures and transferring heat faster. They can be subject to corrosion.^[4]^[6]

Semiconductors, ceramics and composites

History

The concept of the microchannel was proposed for the first time by researchers Tuckerman and Pease of Stanford Electronics Laboratories in 1981.^[7] They suggested an effective method for designing microchannels in the laminar and fully developed flow.^[8]

Common uses

Microchannels are extensively used in the pharmaceuticals, and biochemical industries due to short diffusion distances, higher interfacial area, and higher heat/mass transfer rates.^[9]

Sources

^ Kandlikar, Satish G. (2006). Heat transfer and fluid flow in minichannels and microchannels. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V. pp. 450. ISBN 978-0-08-044527-4.
^ "Microchannels". 4Dcell. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
^ Puccio, Kris (2020-02-10). "Understanding Microchannel Heat Exchangers & Their Use Cases". Therma. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c Prakash, Shashi; Kumar, Subrata. "Fabrication of microchannels: A review". Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 229(8).
^ Yuen, Michelle C; Kramer, Rebecca K. "FABRICATING MICROCHANNELS IN ELASTOMER SUBSTRATES FOR STRETCHABLE ELECTRONICS" (PDF). MSEC2016. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 54 (help)
^ Andou, F.; Yamamoto, A.; Kawai, T.; Ohmori, H.; Ishida, T.; Takeuchi, Y. (2007-01-01), Arai, Eiji; Arai, Tatsuo (eds.), "MICROCHANNEL ARRAY CREATION BY MEANS OF ULTRAPRECISION MACHINING", Mechatronics for Safety, Security and Dependability in a New Era, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 163–168, ISBN 978-0-08-044963-0, retrieved 2022-07-15
^ Tuckerman, D. B., & Pease, R. F. W. (1981). High-performance heat sinking for VLSI. IEEE Electron device letters, 2(5), 126-129. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EDL.1981.25367
^ Salimpour, M. R., Al-Sammarraie, A. T., Forouzandeh, A., & Farzaneh, M. (2019). Constructal design of circular multilayer microchannel heat sinks. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 11(1), 011001. https://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4041196
^ Jaiswal, P., Kumar, U., Biswas, K. G.(2021) Liquid-Liquid Flow through Micro Dimensional Reactors: A Review on Hydrodynamics, Mass Transfer, and Reaction Kinetics. Exp. Comput. Multiph. Flow 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-020-0092-0

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[Kandlikar-1] Kandlikar, Satish G. (2006). Heat transfer and fluid flow in minichannels and microchannels. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V. pp. 450. ISBN 978-0-08-044527-4.

[2] "Microchannels". 4Dcell. Retrieved 2022-07-15.

[3] Puccio, Kris (2020-02-10). "Understanding Microchannel Heat Exchangers & Their Use Cases". Therma. Retrieved 2022-07-15.

[:0-4] Prakash, Shashi; Kumar, Subrata. "Fabrication of microchannels: A review". Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 229(8).

[5] Yuen, Michelle C; Kramer, Rebecca K. "FABRICATING MICROCHANNELS IN ELASTOMER SUBSTRATES FOR STRETCHABLE ELECTRONICS" (PDF). MSEC2016. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 54 (help)

[6] Andou, F.; Yamamoto, A.; Kawai, T.; Ohmori, H.; Ishida, T.; Takeuchi, Y. (2007-01-01), Arai, Eiji; Arai, Tatsuo (eds.), "MICROCHANNEL ARRAY CREATION BY MEANS OF ULTRAPRECISION MACHINING", Mechatronics for Safety, Security and Dependability in a New Era, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 163–168, ISBN 978-0-08-044963-0, retrieved 2022-07-15

[7] Tuckerman, D. B., & Pease, R. F. W. (1981). High-performance heat sinking for VLSI. IEEE Electron device letters, 2(5), 126-129. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EDL.1981.25367

[8] Salimpour, M. R., Al-Sammarraie, A. T., Forouzandeh, A., & Farzaneh, M. (2019). Constructal design of circular multilayer microchannel heat sinks. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 11(1), 011001. https://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4041196

[9] Jaiswal, P., Kumar, U., Biswas, K. G.(2021) Liquid-Liquid Flow through Micro Dimensional Reactors: A Review on Hydrodynamics, Mass Transfer, and Reaction Kinetics. Exp. Comput. Multiph. Flow 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-020-0092-0

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