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User:Lds/Sandbox/Three Kingdoms era names

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The Three Kingdoms period (220–280) was a period in Chinese history following the loss of de facto power of the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the founding of the state of Cao Wei (220–266) in 220 and the conquest of the state of Eastern Wu (222–280) by the Western Jin dynasty (265–316) in 280. However, many Chinese historians and laymen extend the starting point of this period back to the Yellow Turban Rebellion that took place in 184 during the late Eastern Han dynasty.

The following are tables of the era names adopted by the rulers of the three states. The Eastern Han and Western Jin era names are included for easy reference.

Eastern Han dynasty (25–220)

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Note: Era names before the Zhongping era of Emperor Ling's reign are not shown.
Era name Period Duration Notes
Emperor Ling (r.28 January 168 – 2 May 189)
Zhongping (中平) 19 January 185 – 2 May 189 ≈4 years and 4 months
Emperor Shao (r.15 May – 28 September 189)
Guangxi (光熹) 3 May – 28 August 189 ≈4 months
Zhaoning (昭寧) 29 August – 27 September 189 ≈1 month
Emperor Xian (r.28 September 189 – 25 November 220)
Yonghan (永漢) 28 September – 25 December 189 ≈3 months
Zhongping (中平) 26 December 189 – 22 February 190 ≈2 months
Chuping (初平) 23 February 190 – 8 February 194 ≈4 years
Xingping (興平) 9 February 194 – 16 February 196 ≈2 years
Jian'an (建安) 17 February 196 – 20 April 220 ≈24 years and 2 months
Yankang (延康) 21 April – 12 November 220 ≈7 months

Cao Wei (220–266)

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Era name Period Duration Notes
Cao Pi (r.11 December 220 – 29 June 226)
Huangchu (黃初) 13 November 220 – 3 February 227 ≈6 years and 3 months
Cao Rui (r.29 June 226 – 22 January 239)
Taihe (太和) 4 February 227 – 26 February 233 ≈6 years and 1 month
Qinglong (青龍) 27 February 233 – 12 April 237 ≈4 years and 1 month
Jingchu (景初) 13 April 237 – 9 February 240 ≈2 years and 9 months
Cao Fang (r.22 January 239 – 17 October 254)
Zhengshi (正始) 10 February 240 – 29 April 249 ≈9 years and 3 months
Jiaping (嘉平) 30 April 249 – 28 October 254 ≈5 years and 6 months
Cao Mao (r.1 November 254 – 2 June 260)
Zhengyuan (正元) 29 October 254 – 9 July 256 ≈1 year and 8 months
Ganlu (甘露) 10 July 256 – 25 June 260 ≈4 years and 1 month
Cao Huan (r.27 June 260 – 4 February 266)
Jingyuan (景元) 26 June 260 – 11 June 264 ≈4 years
Xianxi (咸熙) 12 June 264 – 22 January 266 ≈1 year and 6 months

Shu Han (221–263)

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Era name Period Duration Notes
Liu Bei (r.15 May 221 – 10 June 223)
Zhangwu (章武) 10 May 221 – 15 June 223 ≈2 years and 1 month
Liu Shan (r.June 223 – December 263)
Jianxing (建興) 16 June 223 – 1 February 238 ≈14 years and 8 months
Yanxi (延熙) 2 February 238 – 20 February 258 ≈20 years
Jingyao (景耀) 21 February 258 – 20 September 263 ≈5 years and 8 months
Yanxing (炎興) 21 September 263 – 16 January 264 ≈4 months

Eastern Wu (222–280)

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Era name Period Duration Notes
Sun Quan (r.November 222 – 21 May 252)
Huangwu (黃武) 22 November 222 – 10 May 229 ≈6 years and 6 months
Huanglong (黃龍) 11 May 229 – 8 February 232 ≈2 years and 9 months
Jiahe (嘉禾) 9 February 232 – 27 August 238 ≈6 years and 7 months
Chiwu (赤烏) 28 August 238 – 5 June 251 ≈12 years and 10 months
Taiyuan (太元) 6 June 251 – 26 February 252 ≈9 months
Shenfeng (神鳳) 27 February – 25 April 252 ≈2 months
Sun Liang (r.21 May 252 – 9 November 258)
Jianxing (建興) 26 April 252 – 4 February 254 ≈1 year and 10 months
Wufeng (五鳳) 5 February 254 – 4 November 256 ≈2 years and 9 months
Taiping (太平) 5 November 256 – 12 November 258 ≈2 years
Sun Xiu (r.30 November 258 – 3 September 264)
Yong'an (永安) 13 November 258 – 9 August 264 ≈5 years and 9 months
Sun Hao (r.3 September 264 – 1 May 280)
Yuanxing (元興) 10 August 264 – 2 May 265 ≈9 months
Ganlu (甘露) 3 May 265 – 16 September 266 ≈1 year and 5 months
Baoding (寶鼎) 17 September 266 – 10 November 269 ≈3 years and 2 months
Jianheng (建衡) 11 November 269 – 15 February 272 ≈2 years and 3 months
Fenghuang (鳳凰) 16 February 272 – 12 February 275 ≈3 years
Tiance (天冊) 13 February 275 – 27 July 276 ≈1 year and 6 months
Tianxi (天璽) 28 July 276 – 19 February 277 ≈7 months
Tianji (天紀) 20 February 277 – 15 May 280 ≈3 years and 3 months

Western Jin dynasty (265–316)

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Note: Era names after the Xianning era of Emperor Wu's reign are not shown.
Era name Period Duration Notes
Emperor Wu (r.8 February 266 – 16 May 290)
Taishi (泰始) 23 January 266 – 12 February 275 ≈9 years and 1 month
Xianning (咸寧) 13 February 275 – 15 May 280 ≈5 years and 3 months

Table of comparison of era names

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Year Eastern Han dynasty
(25–220)
Cao Wei
(220–266)
Shu Han
(221–263)
Eastern Wu
(222–280)
Western Jin dynasty
(265–316)
184 1. 7th year of Guanghe
2. 1st year of Zhongping
185 2nd year of Zhongping
186 3rd year of Zhongping
187 4th year of Zhongping
188 5th year of Zhongping
189 1. 6th year of Zhongping
2. 1st year of Guangxi
3. 1st year of Zhaoning
4. 1st year of Yonghan
190 1st year of Chuping
191 2nd year of Chuping
192 3rd year of Chuping
193 4th year of Chuping
194 1st year of Xingping
195 2nd year of Xingping
196 1st year of Jian'an
197 2nd year of Jian'an
198 3rd year of Jian'an
199 4th year of Jian'an
200 5th year of Jian'an
201 6th year of Jian'an
202 7th year of Jian'an
203 8th year of Jian'an
204 9th year of Jian'an
205 10th year of Jian'an
206 11th year of Jian'an
207 12th year of Jian'an
208 13th year of Jian'an
209 14th year of Jian'an
210 15th year of Jian'an
211 16th year of Jian'an
212 17th year of Jian'an
213 18th year of Jian'an
214 19th year of Jian'an
215 20th year of Jian'an
216 21st year of Jian'an
217 22nd year of Jian'an
218 23rd year of Jian'an
219 24th year of Jian'an
220 1. 25th year of Jian'an
2. 1st year of Yankang
1st year of Huangchu
221 2nd year of Huangchu 1st year of Zhangwu
222 3rd year of Huangchu 2nd year of Zhangwu 1st year of Huangwu
223 4th year of Huangchu 1. 3rd year of Zhangwu
2. 1st year of Jianxing
2nd year of Huangwu
224 5th year of Huangchu 2nd year of Jianxing 3rd year of Huangwu
225 6th year of Huangchu 3rd year of Jianxing 4th year of Huangwu
226 7th year of Huangchu 4th year of Jianxing 5th year of Huangwu
227 1st year of Taihe 5th year of Jianxing 6th year of Huangwu
228 2nd year of Taihe 6th year of Jianxing 7th year of Huangwu
229 3rd year of Taihe 7th year of Jianxing 1. 8th year of Huangwu
2. 1st year of Huanglong
230 4th year of Taihe 8th year of Jianxing 2nd year of Huanglong
231 5th year of Taihe 9th year of Jianxing 3rd year of Huanglong
232 6th year of Taihe 10th year of Jianxing 1st year of Jiahe
233 1. 7th year of Taihe
2. 1st year of Qinglong
11th year of Jianxing 2nd year of Jiahe
234 2nd year of Qinglong 12th year of Jianxing 3rd year of Jiahe
235 3rd year of Qinglong 13th year of Jianxing 4th year of Jiahe
236 4th year of Qinglong 14th year of Jianxing 5th year of Jiahe
237 1. 5th year of Qinglong
2. 1st year of Jingchu
15th year of Jianxing 6th year of Jiahe
238 2nd year of Jingchu 1st year of Yanxi 1. 7th year of Jiahe
2. 1st year of Chiwu
239 3rd year of Jingchu 2nd year of Yanxi 2nd year of Chiwu
240 1st year of Zhengshi 3rd year of Yanxi 3rd year of Chiwu
241 2nd year of Zhengshi 4th year of Yanxi 4th year of Chiwu
242 3rd year of Zhengshi 5th year of Yanxi 5th year of Chiwu
243 4th year of Zhengshi 6th year of Yanxi 6th year of Chiwu
244 5th year of Zhengshi 7th year of Yanxi 7th year of Chiwu
245 6th year of Zhengshi 8th year of Yanxi 8th year of Chiwu
246 7th year of Zhengshi 9th year of Yanxi 9th year of Chiwu
247 8th year of Zhengshi 10th year of Yanxi 10th year of Chiwu
248 9th year of Zhengshi 11th year of Yanxi 11th year of Chiwu
249 1. 10th year of Zhengshi
2. 1st year of Jiaping
12th year of Yanxi 12th year of Chiwu
250 2nd year of Jiaping 13th year of Yanxi 13th year of Chiwu
251 3rd year of Jiaping 14th year of Yanxi 1. 14th year of Chiwu
2. 1st year of Taiyuan
252 4th year of Jiaping 15th year of Yanxi 1. 2nd year of Taiyuan
2. 1st year of Shenfeng
3. 1st year of Jianxing
253 5th year of Jiaping 16th year of Yanxi 2nd year of Jianxing
254 1. 6th year of Jiaping
2. 1st year of Zhengyuan
17th year of Yanxi 1st year of Wufeng
255 2nd year of Zhengyuan 18th year of Yanxi 2nd year of Wufeng
256 1. 3rd year of Zhengyuan
2. 1st year of Ganlu
19th year of Yanxi 1. 3rd year of Wufeng
2. 1st year of Taiping
257 2nd year of Ganlu 20th year of Yanxi 2nd year of Taiping
258 3rd year of Ganlu 1st year of Jingyao 1. 3rd year of Taiping
2. 1st year of Yong'an
259 4th year of Ganlu 2nd year of Jingyao 2nd year of Yong'an
260 1. 5th year of Ganlu
2. 1st year of Jingyuan
3rd year of Jingyao 3rd year of Yong'an
261 2nd year of Jingyuan 4th year of Jingyao 4th year of Yong'an
262 3rd year of Jingyuan 5th year of Jingyao 5th year of Yong'an
263 4th year of Jingyuan 1. 6th year of Jingyao
2. 1st year of Yanxing
6th year of Yong'an
264 1. 5th year of Jingyuan
2. 1st year of Xianxi
1. 7th year of Yong'an
2. 1st year of Yuanxing
265 2nd year of Xianxi 1. 2nd year of Yuanxing
2. 1st year of Ganlu
1st year of Taishi
266 1. 2nd year of Ganlu
2. 1st year of Baoding
2nd year of Taishi
267 2nd year of Baoding 3rd year of Taishi
268 3rd year of Baoding 4th year of Taishi
269 1. 4th year of Baoding
2. 1st year of Jianheng
5th year of Taishi
270 2nd year of Jianheng 6th year of Taishi
271 3rd year of Jianheng 7th year of Taishi
272 1st year of Fenghuang 8th year of Taishi
273 2nd year of Fenghuang 9th year of Taishi
274 3rd year of Fenghuang 10th year of Taishi
275 1st year of Tiance 1st year of Xianning
276 1. 2nd year of Tiance
2. 1st year of Tianxi
2nd year of Xianning
277 1st year of Tianji 3rd year of Xianning
278 2nd year of Tianji 4th year of Xianning
279 3rd year of Tianji 5th year of Xianning
280 4th year of Tianji 1. 6th year of Xianning
1. 1st year of Taikang