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Page 2 of my sandbox  :)

Calendar projections

[edit]

This assumes that these calendars continue in use, without further adjustments.

(Some of these are not astronomical events.)

Years from now Gregorian
date 		Event
Astronomy and astrophysics 56 2077 Beginning of the 16th century in the Islamic calendar.
Mathematics 79 2100, March 1 First century non-leap year since 1900.
Mathematics 79 2100, March 14 March 14 (which will be February 29 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar has the same day of the week for each day of the year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February 28, 2200 of the Gregorian Calendar.
Mathematics 193 2214 Rosh Hashanah will fall on October 6 for the first time.
Astronomy and astrophysics 218 2239 September 30 The Year 6000 begins in the Hebrew Calendar.
Mathematics 239 2260 Rosh Hashanah will fall on September 6 for the last time.
Mathematics 264 2285 Unless changes are made in the religious calendar, the Western Easter will fall on March 22 for the first time since 1818, the earliest possible date on which Easter can occur.
Mathematics 779 2800, March 1 The Revised Julian and Gregorian calendars will differ by a day.
Mathematics 2751 4772 October 13 The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, assuming a turnover value of 20 b'ak'tuns, will require a sixth order.
Mathematics 3988 6009 The first Strobogrammatic numbered year since 1961.
Astronomy and astrophysics 10,000
—
 The Gregorian calendar will have drifted by about 10 days in relation to the seasons.
Astronomy and astrophysics 10,868 June 10, AD 12,892 In the Hebrew calendar, due to a gradual drift in relation to the solar year, Passover will fall on the northern summer solstice (it has historically fallen around the spring equinox).
Astronomy and astrophysics 18,850 AD 20,874 The lunar Islamic calendar and the solar Gregorian calendar will share the same year number. After this, the shorter Islamic calendar will slowly overtake the Gregorian.[1]
Astronomy and astrophysics 25,000
—
 The Tabular Islamic calendar will be roughly 10 days out of sync with the Moon's phases.
Astronomy and astrophysics 46,877 March 1, AD 48,901[note 1] The Julian calendar (365.25 days) and Gregorian calendar (365.2425 days) will be one year apart.[2]
The Julian day number (a measure used by astronomers) at Greenwich mean midnight (start of day) is 19 581 842.5 for both dates.

Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 2019

[edit]
No. Issue date Song Artist(s)
re January 5 "Thank U, Next" Ariana Grande
1081 January 12 "Without Me" Halsey
1082 January 19 "Sunflower" Post Malone and Swae Lee
re January 26 "Without Me" Halsey
1083 February 2 "7 Rings" Ariana Grande
February 9
February 16
February 23
March 2
1084 March 9 "Love Wins" Carrie Underwood
1085 March 16 "Sucker" Jonas Brothers
re March 23 "7 Rings" Ariana Grande
March 30
April 6
1086 April 13 "Old Town Road" † Lil Nas X
April 20 Lil Nas X featuring Billy Ray Cyrus[a]
April 27
May 4
May 11
May 18
May 25
June 1
June 8
June 15
June 22
June 29
July 6
July 13
July 20
July 27
August 3
August 10
August 17
1087 August 24 "Bad Guy" Billie Eilish
1088 August 31 "Señorita" Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello
1089 September 7 "Truth Hurts" Lizzo
September 14
September 21
September 28
October 5
October 12
1090 October 19 "Highest in the Room" Travis Scott
re October 26 "Truth Hurts" Lizzo
1091 November 2 "Someone You Loved" Lewis Capaldi
1092 November 9 "Lose You to Love Me" Selena Gomez
re November 16 "Someone You Loved" Lewis Capaldi
November 23
1093 November 30 "Circles" Post Malone
December 7
1094 December 14 "Heartless" The Weeknd
1095 December 21 "All I Want for Christmas Is You" Mariah Carey
December 28

Monarchs of sovereign states with verifiable reigns by exact date

[edit]

Twenty-five longest-reigning monarchs of states that were internationally recognized as sovereign for most or all of their reign.

No. Portrait Name State Reign Duration
From To (days) (years, days)
1 Louis XIV
14 May 1643 1 September 1715 26,407 72 years, 110 days
2 Elizabeth II
6 February 1952 8 September 2022 25,782 70 years, 214 days[b]
3 Bhumibol Adulyadej
(Rama IX) 		 Thailand 9 June 1946 13 October 2016 25,694 70 years, 126 days
4 Johann II  Liechtenstein 12 November 1858 11 February 1929 25,658 70 years, 91 days
5 Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I Palenque (Mexico) 27 July 615[c] 29 August 683 24,870 68 years, 33 days
6 Franz Joseph I
2 December 1848 21 November 1916 24,825 67 years, 355 days
7 Chan Imix Kʼawiil Copán (Honduras) 8 February 628 18 June 695 24,602 67 years, 130 days
8 Ferdinand III
6 October 1759 4 January 1825 23,831 65 years, 90 days
9 Victoria  United Kingdom 20 June 1837 22 January 1901 23,226 63 years, 216 days
10 James I Crown of Aragon 12 September 1213 27 July 1276 22,964 62 years, 319 days
11 Emperor Shōwa[d]
(Hirohito) 		 Japan 25 December 1926 7 January 1989 22,659 62 years, 13 days
12 Kangxi Emperor[e]  China 5 February 1661 20 December 1722 22,597 61 years, 318 days
13 Honoré III  Monaco 29 December 1731 19 January 1793 22,302 61 years, 21 days
14 Itzamnaaj Bahlam III Yaxchilan (Mexico) 23 October 681 15 June 742 22,149 60 years, 235 days
15 Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat Quiriguá (Guatemala) 2 January 725 31 July 785 22,125 60 years, 210 days
16 Qianlong Emperor[f]  China 18 October 1735 9 February 1796[g] 22,029 60 years, 114 days
17 Christian IV  Denmark–Norway 4 April 1588 28 February 1648 21,879 59 years, 330 days
18 George III
25 October 1760 29 January 1820 21,644 59 years, 96 days
19 Louis XV
1 September 1715 10 May 1774 21,436 58 years, 251 days
20 Pedro II  Brazil 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 21,407 58 years, 222 days
21 Al-Mustansir Billah Fatimid Caliphate (Egypt) 13 June 1036 29 December 1094 21,383 58 years, 199 days
22 Nicholas I
13 August 1860 26 November 1918 21,288 58 years, 105 days
23 Wilhelmina  Netherlands 23 November 1890 4 September 1948 21,104 57 years, 286 days
24 James VI  Scotland 24 July 1567 27 March 1625 21,066 57 years, 246 days
25 Conrad I Burgundy 12 July 937[i] 19 October 993 20,553 56 years, 99 days
26 Alfonso VIII  Castile 31 August 1158 5 October 1214 20,489 56 years, 35 days [7]
27 Henry III England 19 October 1216 16 November 1272 20,482 56 years, 28 days [j] Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
29 Rainier III  Monaco 9 May 1949 6 April 2005 20,421 55 years, 332 days [8]
30 Victor Amadeus II Savoy 12 June 1675 [k] 3 September 1730 20,171 55 years, 83 days [3][10]
31 Ismail Morocco 14 April 1672 22 March 1727 20,064 54 years, 342 days [11]
32 File:.jpg Renzong Western Xia (China) 1 July 1139 [l] 16 October 1193 19,831 54 years, 107 days [14][15]
33 Han Wudi Han Dynasty (China) 7 March 141 BC 29 March 87 BC 19,745 54 years, 22 days [16]
34 Thutmose III Egypt 28 April 1479 BC 11 March 1425 BC 19,675 53 years, 317 days [17]
35 Frederick III  Holy Roman Empire 2 February 1440 19 August 1493 19,557 53 years, 198 days [18]
36 Cosimo III  Tuscany 23 May 1670 31 October 1723 19,518 53 years, 161 days [19]
37 John II [m]  Navarre 8 September 1425 20 January 1479 19,492 53 years, 134 days [20]
38 File:.jpg Chongzong Western Xia (China) 11 September 1086 1 July 1139 18,199 52 years, 303 days [21][22]
39 Eric III Norway 8 September 1389[n] 4 June 1442 19,261 52 years, 269 days [12]
40 Frederick I Sicily 17 May 1198 [o] 13 December 1250 19,203 52 years, 210 days [23][24]
41 File:.jpg Abdullah I [p] Kuwait 10 January 1762 [q] 3 May 1814 19,105 52 years, 113 days [25]
42 Henry IV  Holy Roman Empire 17 July 1054 7 August 1106 19,013 52 years, 21 days [26]
43 Margrethe II  Denmark 14 January 1972 14 January 2024 18,993 52 years, 0 days [27]
44 Tahmasp I Persia 23 May 1524 14 May 1576 18,984 51 years, 357 days [28]
45 Casimir  Lithuania 29 June 1440 7 June 1492 18,971 51 years, 344 days [29]
46 Haakon VII  Norway 18 November 1905[r] 21 September 1957 18,935 51 years, 307 days [30][31]
47 Abdulaziz
List
Saudi Arabia
(1932–1953) 		13 January 1902 9 November 1953 18,928 51 years, 300 days [34]
48 Jogaila  Lithuania 3 October 1382 1 June 1434 18,868 51 years, 241 days [35]
49 Said II Oman [s] 20 November 1804 4 June 1856 18,824 51 years, 197 days [36]
50 Yeongjo Joseon (Korea) 26 October 1724 [t] 22 April 1776 18,806 51 years, 179 days [5]


Notes:
The following states were British dominions at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became republics during her reign:

  •  Pakistan (became a republic on 23 March 1956.)
  •  South Africa (became a republic on 31 May 1961.)
  •  Ceylon (became the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka on 22 May 1972.)


The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign and later became republics during her reign:

  •  Ghana (became sovereign on 6 March 1957 and became a republic on 1 July 1961.)
  •  Nigeria (became sovereign on 1 October 1960 and became a republic on 1 October 1963.)
  •  Sierra Leone (became sovereign on 27 April 1961 and became a republic on 19 April 1971.)
  •  Tanganyika (became sovereign on 9 December 1961 and became a republic on 9 December 1962.)
  •  Trinidad and Tobago (became sovereign on 31 August 1962 and became a republic on 1 August 1976.)
  •  Uganda (became sovereign on 9 October 1962 and became a republic on 9 October 1963.)
  •  Kenya (became sovereign on 12 December 1963 and became a republic on 12 December 1964.)
  •  Malawi (became sovereign on 6 July 1964 and became a republic on 6 July 1966.)
  •  Malta (became sovereign on 21 September 1964 and became a republic on 13 December 1974.)
  •  The Gambia (became sovereign on 18 February 1965 and became a republic on 24 April 1970.)
  •  Guyana (became sovereign on 26 May 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970.)
  •  Barbados (became sovereign on 30 November 1966 and became a republic on 30 November 2021.)
  •  Mauritius (became sovereign on 12 March 1968 and became a republic on 12 March 1992.)
  •  Fiji (became sovereign on 10 October 1970 and became a republic on 6 October 1987.)


The following states were not sovereign at the start of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in 1952, but became sovereign during her reign:


Length of reign applies to the independent states that have remained monarchies since her accession: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United Kingdom.

Frequency of names of popes/patriarchs of Rome, Constantinople (Istanbul), and Alexandria

[edit]

R=Rome; C=Constantinople; A=Alexandria

Name R C A Notes
Abraham 0 0 1
Acacius 0 1 0
Achillas 0 0 1
Adeodatus 2 0 0
Adrian 6 0 0
Agapetus 2 0 0
Agathangelus 0 1 0
Agatho 1 0 1
Agrippinus 0 0 1
Alexander 7 1 2 Alexander V of Rome was an antipope.
Alypius 0 1 0
Anacletus 1 0 0 Anacletus is often called Cletus.
Anastasius 4 1 1
Anatolius 0 1 0
Andrew 0 1 0
Andronicus 0 0 1
Anianus 0 0 1
Anicetus 1 0 0
Anthimus 0 7 0
Anthony 0 4 0
Arsacius 0 1 0
Arsenius 0 1 0
Athanasius 0 5 3
Athenagoras 0 1 0
Athenadorus 0 1 0
Atticus 0 1 0
Avilius 0 0 1
Bartholomew 0 1 0
Basil 0 3 0
Benedict 15 0 0 Benedict X was an antipope.
Benjamin 0 1 2
Boniface 8 0 0 Boniface VII was an antipope.
Caius 1 0 0
Callinicus 0 5 0 Callinicus III was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for only one day in 1726; he is sometimes not counted among the patriarchs.
Callixtus 3 2 0
Castinus 0 1 0
Celadion 0 0 1
Celestine 5 0 0
Chariton 0 1 0
Christodulus 0 0 1
Chrysanthus 0 1 0
Clement 14 1 0
Conon 1 0 0
Constantine 1 6 0
Constantius 0 1 0
Cornelius 1 0 0
Cosmas 0 3 3
Cyprianus 0 1 0
Cyril 0 7 6
Cyrus 0 1 0
Damasus 2 0 0
Damian 0 0 1
Demetrius 0 1 2
Demophilus 0 1 0
Diogenes 0 1 0
Dionysius 1 5 1
Dioscorus 0 0 2
Dometius 0 1 0
Donus 1 0 0
Dositheus 0 1 0
Eleutherius 1 1 0
Epiphanius 0 1 0
Eudoxius 0 1 0
Eugene 4 2 0
Eumenius 0 1 0
Euphemius 0 1 0
Eusebius 1 1 0
Eustathius 0 1 0
Eustratius 0 1 0
Euthymius 0 2 0
Eutychian 1 0 0
Eutychius 0 1 0
Euzois 0 1 0
Evagrius 0 1 0
Evaristus 1 0 0
Fabian 1 0 0
Felix 3 1 0 Felix II of Rome was an antipope.
Flavian 0 2 0
Florentius 0 1 0
Formosus 1 0 0
Francis 1 0 0
Gabriel 0 4 8
Gelasius 2 0 0
Gennadius 0 2 0
George 0 2 0
Gerasimus 0 3 0
Germanus 0 5 0
Gregory 16 7 0
Heraclas 0 0 1
Hilarius 1 0 0
Honorius 4 0 0
Hormisdas 1 0 0
Hyginus 1 0 0
Ignatius 0 1 0
Innocent 13 0 0
Isaac 0 0 1
Isaias 0 1 0
Isidore 0 2 0
James 0 1 1
Jeremias 0 4 0
Joachim 0 4 0
Joannicius 0 3 0
Joasaph 0 2 0
John 21 14 19 John XVI of Rome was an antipope, while there was no John XX of Rome because John XXI counted John XIV twice due to an error in the Liber Pontificalis.
John Paul 2 0 0
Joseph 0 2 2
Julian 0 0 1
Julius 3 0 0
Justus 0 0 1
Kedron 0 0 1
Lando 1 0 0
Lawrence 0 1 0
Leo 13 1 0
Leontius 0 1 0
Liberius 1 0 0
Linus 1 0 0
Lucius 3 0 0
Luke 0 1 0
Macarius 0 1 3
Macedonius 0 2 0
Manuel 0 2 0
Marcellinus 1 0 0
Marcellus 2 0 0
Marcianus 0 0 1
Marinus 2 0 0 Marinus I and II were mistakenly read as "Mar[t]inus I" and Mar[t]inus II".
Mark 1 2 8
Martin 3 0 0 see Marinus
Matthew 0 2 4
Maximianus 0 1 0
Maximus 0 5 0
Meletius 0 4 0
Menas/Mina 0 1 2
Methodius 0 3 0
Metrophanes 0 3 0
Michael 0 4 6
Miltiades 1 0 0
Nectarius 0 1 0
Neophytus 0 8 0
Nephon 0 2 0
Nestorius 0 1 0
Nicephoras 0 2 0
Nicetas 0 2 0
Nicholas 5 4 0
Nilus 0 1 0
Olympianus 0 1 0
Onesimus 0 1 0
Pachomius 0 2 0
Paisius 0 2 0
Parthenius 0 4 0
Paschal 2 0 0
Paul 6 4 0
Pelagius 2 0 0
Pertinax 0 1 0
Peter 1 1 7
Philadelphus 0 1 0
Philotheus 0 1 1
Photius 0 2 0
Pius 12 0 0
Plutarch 0 1 0
Polycarpus 0 2 0
Polyeuctus 0 1 0
Pontian 1 0 0
Primus 0 0 1
Probus 0 1 0
Proclus 0 1 0
Procopius 0 1 0
Pyrrhus 0 1 0
Raphael 0 2 0
Romanus 1 0 0
Rufinus 0 1 0
Sabinian 1 0 0
Samuel 0 1 0
Sedecion 0 1 0
Seraphim 0 2 0
Sergius 4 2 0
Severinus 1 0 0
Shenouda 0 0 3
Silverius 1 0 0
Simeon 0 1 2
Simplicius 1 0 0
Siricius 1 0 0
Sisinnius 1 2 0
Sixtus 5 0 0
Sophronius 0 3 0
Soter 1 0 0
Stachys 0 1 0
Stephen 9 2 0
Sylvester 3 0 0
Tarasius 1 0 0
Telesphorus 1 0 0
Theodore 2 2 2
Theodosius 0 2 2
Theodotus 0 2 0
Theoleptus 0 2 0
Theonas 0 0 1
Theophanes 0 2 0
Theophilus 0 0 2
Theophylactus 0 1 0
Thomas 0 2 0
Timothy 0 2 0
Titus 0 1 0
Tryphon 0 1 0
Urban 8 0 0
Valentine 1 0 0
Victor 3 0 0
Vigilius 1 0 0
Vitalian 1 0 0
Zacharias 1 0 1
Zephyrinus 1 0 0
Zosimus 1 0 0
  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference islam was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference greg2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Pharo, Lars Kirkhusmo (2013). The Ritual Practice of Time: Philosophy and Sociopolitics of Mesoamerican Calendars. Brill. p. 92. ISBN 9789004252363.
  4. ^ Parmington, Alexander (2011). Space and Sculpture in the Classic Maya City. Brill. pp. 51, 95. ISBN 9789004252363.
  5. ^ a b c "Rudolfinger". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  6. ^ "Rudolf II | king of Burgundy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Alfonso VIII". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  8. ^ "Biographies of the Princes and Princesses". House of Liechtenstein.
  9. ^ Parmington, Alexander (2011). Space and Sculpture in the Classic Maya City. Brill. pp. 51, 95. ISBN 9789004252363.
  10. ^ "K'inich Janaab' Pakal I (Great-Sun-Shield), King of Palenque, depicted on an incense burner". museums.gov.il. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  11. ^ "Franz Joseph | emperor of Austria-Hungary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  12. ^ a b c d Martin, Simon; Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 201 & 122. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325.
  13. ^ Harrys, John; Stearns, Stephen K. (1997). Understanding Maya Inscriptions. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 134, 136, 218. ISBN 9780924171413.
  14. ^ Looper, Matthew G. (2003). Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua. University of Texas Press. p. 211. ISBN 9780292705562.
  15. ^ Newsome, Elizabeth A. (2001). Trees of Paradise and Pillars of the World. University of Texas Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780292755727.
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  18. ^ "James I | king of Aragon". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
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  20. ^ "Kangxi | emperor of Qing dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  21. ^ Charavay, Étienne (1892). Correspondance générale de Carnot: publiee avec des notes historiques et biographiques. Imprimerie nationale. p. 372.
  22. ^ Dippel, Horst, ed. (2010). Constitutional Documents of France, Corsica and Monaco. De Gruyter. p. 254. ISBN 9783598356964.
  23. ^ Looper, Matthew G. (2003). Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 57, 186. ISBN 0-292-70556-5.
  24. ^ Fitzsimmons , James L. (2010). Death and the Classic Maya Kings. University of Texas Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780292781986.
  25. ^ "Qianlong | emperor of Qing dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica (in eng). Retrieved 2020-04-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  26. ^ "Christian IV | Scandinavian king". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
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  28. ^ "Louis XIV | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  29. ^ "Pedro II | emperor of Brazil". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  30. ^ a b c "MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM". ismaili.net. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  31. ^ a b "MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  32. ^ Cohen, Mark R. (2014). Jewish Self-Government in Medieval Egypt. Princeton University Press. p. 218. ISBN 9781400853588.
  33. ^ Ayman Fu'ad Sayyid (2002). The Fatimids and Their Successors in Yaman. I.B. Tauris. p. 5. ISBN 9781860646904.
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  35. ^ "Wilhelmina | queen of the Netherlands". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
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  1. ^ Manually calculated from the fact that the calendars were 10 days apart in 1582 and grew further apart by 3 days every 400 years. March 1 AD 48900 (Julian) and March 1 AD 48901 (Gregorian) are both Tuesday.


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