User:Madalibi/New structure for Yongzheng

See also: Yongzheng Emperor

War and territorial expansion

The Dzungar campaigns

Continuing his father the Kangxi emperor's efforts against the resilient Dzungars, Yongzheng sent massive armies to Turkestan in 1730, but despite the recent death of Dzungar leader Tsewang Rabtan, the Qing troops were routed by the enemy. A small victory the following year allowed the Qing to negotiate a truce, after which Yongzheng decided to adopt a defensive approach by erecting a series of border fortifications. Seeing that direct war would lead nowhere, both sides engaged in peace negotiations. The negotiations started in 1734 and were finally concluded in 1739 under the Qianlong emperor. The Qing did not defeat the Dzungar for good until 1759 under the reign of Qianlong.

Relations with Russia

Bura Treaty (August 20, 1727) and Treaty of Kyakhta (October 21, 1727). Both went into effect on June 14, 1728.

The problem of Chinese loyalty

Zeng Jing and the Dayi juemi lu

Treason by the Book.

References

• Bergholz, Fred W. (1993). The Partition of the Steppe: The Struggle of the Russians, Manchus, and the Zunghar Mongols for Empire in Central Asia, 1619-1758; A Study in Power Politics. American University Studies. New York: Peter Lang.