User:Maxschmidig/sandbox

History

The first use of turbomachines were technically water wheels between the 3rd and 1st century BCE, credited to the people in the Mediterranean region (see more at water wheel). The first real modern turbomachines did not appear until the late 1880’s. It was not until the industrial revolution, however, steam power started to be utilized with reciprocating engines and turbines, which opened up the potential of steam power. The first impulse type turbine was created by Carl Gustaf de Laval in 1883. This was closely followed by the first practical reaction type turbine in 1884, built by Charles Parsons. Parsons’ first design was a multi-stage axial-flow unit, which George Westinghouse acquired and began manufacturing in 1895, while General Electric acquired de Laval’s designs in 1897. Since then, development has skyrocketed from Parsons’ early design, producing 0.746 kW, to modern nuclear steam turbines producing upwards of 1500 MW. Today, steam turbines account for roughly 90% of electrical power generated in the United States. The first patents for gas turbines were filed in 1791 by John Barber. Then the first functioning industrial gas turbines were used in the late 1890’s to power street lights (Meher-Homji, 2000).

Applications

Power Generation

Hydro electric- Hydro-electric turbomachinery uses potential energy stored in water to flow over an open impeller to turn a generator which creates electricity

Steam turbines- Steam turbines used in power generation come in many different variations. The overall principle is high pressure steam is forced over blades attached to a shaft, which turns a generator. As the steam travels through the turbine, it passes through smaller blades causing the shaft to spin faster, creating more electricity.

Gas turbines- Gas turbines work much like steam turbines. Air is forced in through a series of blades that turn a shaft. Then fuel is mixed with the air and causes a combustion reaction, increasing the power. This then causes the shaft to spin faster, creating more electricity.

Windmills- Also known as a wind turbine, windmills are increasing in popularity for their ability to efficiently use the wind to generate electricity. Although they come in many shapes and sizes, the most common one is the large three-blade. The blades work on the same principle as an airplane wing. As wind passes over the blades, it creates an area of low and high pressure, causing the blade to move, spinning a shaft and creating electricity. It is most like a steam turbine, but work with an infinite supply of wind.  

Marine

Steam turbine- Steam turbines in marine applications are very similar to those in power generation. The few differences between them are size and power output. Steam turbines on ships are much smaller because they don’t need to power a whole town. They aren’t very common because their high cost and expensive machinery that goes with it.

Gas turbines- Gas turbines in marine applications are becoming more popular due to their smaller size, increased efficiency, and ability to burn cleaner fuels. They run just like gas turbines for power generation, but are also much smaller and do require more machinery for propulsion. They are most popular in naval ships as they can be at a dead stop to full power in minutes (Kayadelen, 2013).

Flow of air through a turbocharger and engine

Auto

Turbochargers- Turbochargers are one of the most popular turbomachines. They are used mainly for adding power to engines by adding more air. It combines both forms of turbomachines. Exhaust gases from the engine spin a bladed wheel, much like a turbine. That wheel then spins another bladed wheel, sucking and compressing outside air into the engine.

Superchargers- Superchargers are used for engine-power enhancement as well, but only work off the principle of compression. They use the mechanical power from the engine to spin a screw or vein, some way to suck in and compress the air into the engine.  

General

Pumps- Pumps are another very popular turbomachine. Although there are very many different types of pumps, they all do the same thing. Pumps are used to move fluids around using some sort of mechanical power, from electric motors to full size diesel engines. Pumps have thousands of uses, and are the true basis to turbomachinery (Škorpík, 2017).

Air compressors- Air compressors are another very popular turbomachine. They work on the principle of compression by sucking in and compressing air into a holding tank. Air compressors are one of the most basic turbomachines.

Fans- Fans are the most general type of turbomachines. They work opposite of wind turbines. Mechanical power spins the blades, forcing air through them and forcing out. Basic desk-top fans to large turbofan airplane engines work this way.

Aerospace

Gas turbines- Aerospace gas turbines, or more commonly know jet engines, are the most common gas turbines. They are the most like power generation turbines because the electricity used on the airplane is from the turbines, while also providing the propulsion. These turbines are the smallest out of the industrial turbines, and are most often the most advanced.  

Meher-Homji, C. B. (n.d.). The Historical Evolution of Turbomachinery (Tech.). Retrieved April 10, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6c20/38257b1311073beb15c1a097e40ce394c1b9.pdf

Nagpurwala, Q. (n.d.). Steam Turbines. Retrieved April 10, 2017, from http://164.100.133.129:81/eCONTENT/Uploads/13-Steam%20Turbines%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D.pdf

Soares, C. M. (n.d.). GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE & COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS. 1-72. Retrieved April 10, 2017, from https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Coal/energy%20systems/turbines/handbook/1-1.pdf

Perlman, U. H. (2016, December 2). Hydroelectric power: How it works. Retrieved April 10, 2017, from https://water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html

Škorpík, J. (2017, January 1). Lopatkový stroj-english version. Retrieved April 09, 2017, from http://www.transformacni-technologie.cz/en_11.html

Kayadelen, H. (2013). Marine Gas Turbines. 7th International Advanced Technologies Symposium. Retrieved April 15, 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264353036_Marine_Gas_Turbines

You article does not seem to have any personal implications. As far as i can see there is no place in where you are not showing neutrality. Also the content seems through but for the applications I would possibly go into depth on what way they can be used not just listing the sources. Your souring seems to be right and you have enough sources to be over the minimum. as far as your bibliography and the quality of your sources they seem to be credible bing that they are all wither handbooks or journal article posed by credible people and the last source being a .gov sight looks very credible. but what you need to do is sight it through wikipedia. right now you just have it as citations at the bottom but you need to make them attachment so that it can show up as a wikipedia citation not your APA. other than that you seem to be very close to being done. -noah