User:Mr. Ibrahem/Amoxicillin
Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn/ |
Trade names | Hundreds of names[1] |
Other names | Amoxycillin, amox, amoxycillin (AAN AU) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a685001 |
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
Drug class | β-lactam antibiotic |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 95% by mouth |
Metabolism | less than 30% biotransformed in liver |
Elimination half-life | 61.3 minutes |
Excretion | Kidneys |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C16H19N3O5S |
Molar mass | 365.40 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Density | 1.6±0.1 [2] g/cm3 |
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Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.[3] These include middle ear infection, strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, and urinary tract infections among others.[3] It is taken by mouth, or less commonly by injection.[3][5]
Common adverse effects include nausea and rash.[3] It may also increase the risk of yeast infections and, when used in combination with clavulanic acid, diarrhea.[6] It should not be used in those who are allergic to penicillin.[3] While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased.[3] Its use in pregnancy and breastfeeding does not appear to be harmful.[3] Amoxicillin is in the beta-lactam family of antibiotics.[3]
Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into medical use in 1972.[7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children.[10] Amoxicillin is available as a generic medication and is relatively inexpensive.[3][11] In 2017, it was the 18th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 27 million prescriptions.[12][13]
References[edit]
- ^ "International brand names for amoxicillin". www.drugs.com. Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ "Amoxicillin". www.chemsrc.com. Archived from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Amoxicillin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "Amoxicillin Sodium for Injection". EMC. 10 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ^ Gillies, M; Ranakusuma, A; Hoffmann, T; Thorning, S; McGuire, T; Glasziou, P; Del Mar, C (17 November 2014). "Common harms from amoxicillin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for any indication". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. 187 (1): E21–31. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140848. PMC 4284189. PMID 25404399.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 490. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
- ^ Roy, Jiben (2012). An introduction to pharmaceutical sciences production, chemistry, techniques and technology. Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. p. 239. ISBN 9781908818041. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ Kelly, Deirdre (2008). Diseases of the liver and biliary system in children (3 ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 217. ISBN 9781444300543. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
- ^ Hanno, Philip M.; Guzzo, Thomas J.; Malkowicz, S. Bruce; Wein, Alan J. (2014). Penn Clinical Manual of Urology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-323-24466-4. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Amoxicillin Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 1 December 1981. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.