User:Mr. Ibrahem/Bedwetting
| Bedwetting | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Nighttime urinary incontinence, sleepwetting, nocturnal enuresis |
 | |
| Urine mark on bedding caused by a nocturnal enuresis episode. | |
| Specialty | Pediatrics |
| Symptoms | Involuntary loss of urine while asleep[1] |
| Complications | Urinary tract infections[2] |
| Usual onset | > 5 years old[1] |
| Types | Primary, secondary[2] |
| Risk factors | Family history, urinary tract infections, constipation, ADHD, diabetes, stress, obstructive sleep apnea[2][3][1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and examination[1] |
| Treatment | Restricting fluids before bed, voiding before bed, bedwetting alarms, desmopressin[1] |
| Frequency | Common[2] |
Bedwetting, also called nocturnal enuresis, is the repeated involuntary loss of urine while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually begins.[1] Bedwetting in children and adults can result in emotional stress or physical abuse.[2][1] Occasionally lose of urine may occur during the day or other urinary symptoms may be present.[1] Complications can include urinary tract infections.[2]
Most bedwetting is results from slow development or excess urine production—not an emotional or physical problem.[3] Bedwetting more commonly occurs in those whose parents were affected.[2] Other factors may include urinary tract infections, constipation, ADHD, diabetes, stress, spina bifida, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).[2][3][1] The underlying mechanism may involve lack of vasopressin, bladder instability, or an inability to wake up as a result of signals from the bladder.[4] Bedding wetting is classified as primary when a child has not yet had a prolonged period of being dry and secondary when wetting begins after having stayed dry for six months.[2]
Treatment is based on the underlying cause and potentially associated disorders.[1] This may include restricting fluids 2 to 4 hours before bed and voiding before bed.[1] Bedwetting alarms and the medication desmopressin.[1] Other efforts include treating constipation.[1] In those with OSA, tonsillectomy may resolve the disorder.[1] The condition otherwise generally resolves with time.[1] It is recommended that caregivers be counseled regarding appropriate reactions to bedwetting, with punishment having no role.[1]
Bedwetting is common in children affected 17% at age 5, 13% at age 6, 10% at age 7, and 1.5% at age 15.[2] Boys are more frequently affected than girls; though after the age of 10 this difference is less.[1][2] The condition has been described since the time of the Ancient Egyptians.[5] The term "enuresis" is from the Greek meaning "to void urine".[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Gomez Rincon, M; Leslie, SW; Lotfollahzadeh, S (January 2020). "Nocturnal Enuresis". PMID 31424765.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Definition & Facts for Bladder Control Problems & Bedwetting in Children". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. September 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ a b c "Symptoms & Causes of Bladder Control Problems & Bedwetting in Children | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ Butler RJ, Holland P (August 2000). "The three systems: a conceptual way of understanding nocturnal enuresis". Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 34 (4): 270–7. doi:10.1080/003655900750042022. PMID 11095087. S2CID 35856153.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Sleep. Academic Press. 2012. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-12-378611-1.
- ^ Urogynecology and pelvic reconstructive surgery (First ed.). New Delhi. 2016. p. 147. ISBN 9789385891984.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)