User:Mr. Ibrahem/Gallbladder cancer
| Gallbladder cancer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Specialty | General surgery, oncology |
| Symptoms | None, abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, vomiting[1] |
| Complications | Spread to other parts of the body[2] |
| Usual onset | >65 years old[3] |
| Types | Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma[1] |
| Causes | Often unknown[4] |
| Risk factors | Inflammation of the gallbladder, salmonella typhi, isoniazid, radon, smoking, obesity, primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory bowel disease[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests, medical imaging, biopsy[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Cholecystitis, bile duct tumors[1] |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy[1] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival rate ~19% (US)[5] |
| Frequency | 11,740 (2017 US)[1] |
| Deaths | 3,830 (2017 US)[1] |
Gallbladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins within the gallbladder.[2] Symptoms may vary from none, to right sided abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, and vomiting.[1] Complications may include spread to other organs such as the liver.[2]
The cause is often unknown.[4] Risk factors include gallstones, gallbladder polyps, and congenital biliary cysts, as these can result in inflammation of the gallbladder.[1] Other risk factors include long-term infection by salmonella typhi, isoniazid, radon, smoking, obesity, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.[1] Diagnosis may be based on blood tests, medical imaging, and biopsy.[2]
Early stage disease may be curable with surgery.[1] In certain cases chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be used.[1] The overall five year survival rate in the United States is 19%, though this varies from 62% for early disease to 2% if the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.[5]
Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon, with fewer than 2 new cases per 100,000 people per year in the United States.[6] Females are more commonly affected than males.[2] Those affected are generally over the age of 65.[3] It occurs more commonly in South America, India, Pakistan, Japan, and South Korea, with rates as high as 10 per 100,000 in Chile.[1][7] It also affects certain ethnicities more frequently including Native Americans.[1] It was first described in 1777 by Maximilian de Stoll.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Recio-Boiles, A; Kashyap, S; Babiker, HM (January 2020). "Gallbladder Cancer". PMID 28723031.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f "Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 24 March 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Risk Factors for Gallbladder Cancer". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ a b Hoppe, Richard; Phillips, Theodore L.; Roach, Mack (2010). Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology - E-Book: Expert Consult. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 829. ISBN 978-1-4377-3775-2.
- ^ a b "Gallbladder Cancer - Statistics". Cancer.Net. 25 June 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ "CDC - Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Death Rates". www.cdc.gov. 2018-09-27. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
- ^ a b Barreto, Savio George; Windsor, John A. (2018). Surgical Diseases of the Pancreas and Biliary Tree. Springer. p. 392. ISBN 978-981-10-8755-4.