User:Mr. Ibrahem/Genital wart

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Genital warts
Other namesCondylomata acuminata, venereal warts, anal warts, anogenital warts[1]
File:SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-around-anus.jpg
Severe case of genital warts around the anus of a female
SpecialtyInfectious disease
SymptomsSmall bumps of genital skin, varying sizes and shapes, typically protrude out, burning, itch[2]
Usual onset1-8 months following exposure[3]
CausesHPV types 6 and 11[4]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, can be confirmed by biopsy[4]
Differential diagnosisMolluscum contagiosum, skin tags, condyloma latum, squamous cell carcinoma[5]
PreventionHPV vaccine, condoms[3][6]
TreatmentMedications, cryotherapy, surgery[4]
MedicationPodophyllin, imiquimod, trichloroacetic acid[4]
Frequency~1% (US)[3]

Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).[1] They typically appear as small bumps on the skin of the penis, vulva, cervix and anus.[2] They may be flat or project out from the surface of the skin, and their color may vary; brownish, white, pale yellow, pinkish-red, or gray.[1][2][5] There may be a few individual warts or several, either in a cluster or merged together in a cauliflower shape.[2][7] Usually they cause few symptoms, but can occasionally be painful.[4] They can be itchy or burn.[2] Typically they appear one to eight months following exposure.[3] Warts are the most easily recognized symptom of genital HPV infection.[3]

HPV types 6 and 11 are the typical cause of genital warts.[4] It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner.[3] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and can be confirmed by biopsy.[4] The types of HPV that cause cancer are not the same as those that cause warts.[8]

Some HPV vaccines can prevent genital warts as may condoms.[3][6] Treatment options include creams such as podophyllin, imiquimod, and trichloroacetic acid.[4] Cryotherapy or surgery may also be an option.[4] After treatment warts often resolve within six months.[3] Without treatment, in up to a third of cases they resolve on their own.[3]

About 1% of people in the United States have genital warts.[3] Many people, however, are infected and do not have symptoms.[3] Without vaccination nearly all sexually active people will get some type of HPV at one point in their lives.[8][9] The disease has been known at least since the time of Hippocrates in 300 BC.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "19. Viral diseases: genital warts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 406–410. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  2. ^ a b c d e Tripathi, Anuj; Sahu, Utkarsha (2022). "1. An overview of HPV: causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations". In Khare, Prashant; Jain, Ashish (eds.). Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies. London: Elsevier. pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-0-323-98644-1. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Juckett, G; Hartman-Adams, H (Nov 15, 2010). "Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention". American Family Physician. 82 (10): 1209–13. PMID 21121531.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "CDC - Genital Warts - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines". www.cdc.gov. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier. p. 1376. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  6. ^ a b "Genital warts". NHS. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  7. ^ Madoff, Robert D.; Melton-Meax, Genevieve B. (2020). "136. Diseases of the rectum and anus: anal warts". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 938. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1. Archived from the original on 2023-03-17. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  8. ^ a b US National Cancer Institute. "HPV and Cancer". Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  9. ^ US Centers for Disease Control. "Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  10. ^ Syrjänen, Kari J.; Syrjänen, Stina M. (2000). Papillomavirus infections in human pathology. Chichester [u.a.]: Wiley. p. 1. ISBN 9780471971689.
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