User:Mr. Ibrahem/Laryngomalacia
| Laryngomalacia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Congenital laryngeal stridor, congenital laryngomalacia[1] |
 | |
| Omega shaped epiglottis, seen in laryngomalacia | |
| Specialty | ENT surgery |
| Symptoms | Stridor[2] |
| Complications | Bluish skin, failure to thrive[2] |
| Duration | Long-term[3] |
| Causes | Unknown[1] |
| Risk factors | Prematurity, reflux[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Fiberoptic laryngoscopy[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Vocal fold paralysis, laryngeal papillomatosis, subglottic stenosis, tracheomalacia, foreign body aspiration[2] |
| Treatment | Conservative management, surgery[2] |
| Prognosis | Generally resolves by 18 months of age[2] |
| Frequency | 1 in 2,500 babies[2] |
Laryngomalacia is an abnormal voice box that collapses when breathing in, resulting in brief periods of airway obstruction.[1] Symptoms generally include noisy breathing or stridor that begins at or shortly after birth.[2][1] The condition generally lasts a relatively long time.[3] Complications may include bluish skin, apnea, and failure to thrive.[2][1]
The cause is unknown.[1] Risk factors may include prematurity and reflux.[2] Proposed mechanisms include problems with neuromuscular coordination and anatomical changes.[1] Diagnosis is generally confirmed by fiberoptic laryngoscopy.[2]
Management is generally conservative in those with mild to moderate symptoms.[2] This may include feeding well upright and antireflux therapy.[2] In most cases symptoms resolve by 18 months of age.[2] In the 15% of cases with severe symptoms surgery may be indicated.[2]
About 1 in 2,500 babies are affected.[2] Males and females appear to be affected equally frequently.[2] It is the most common cause of stridor in children under the age of 1 year old.[2] The condition was first described in the early 1800s.[4] The term "laryngomalacia" is from the Greek for "soft larynx".[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g "Laryngomalacia". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Klinginsmith, M; Goldman, J (January 2020). "Laryngomalacia". PMID 31334986.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Stridor - Pulmonary Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ a b Allen, Jacqueline; Nouraei, S. A. Reza; Sandhu, Guri S. Laryngology: A Case-Based Approach. Plural Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-944883-60-7. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-02-14.