User:Mr. Ibrahem/Naltrexone
 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /ˌnælˈtrɛksoʊn/ |
| Trade names | ReVia, Vivitrol, others |
| Other names | EN-1639A; UM-792; N-Cyclopropyl-methylnoroxymorphone; N-Cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydro-morphinone; 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a685041 |
| License data |
|
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | By mouth, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous implant |
| Drug class | Opioid antagonist[1] |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 5–40% |
| Protein binding | 21% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | Naltrexone: 4 hours 6β-Naltrexol: 13 hours |
| Excretion | Urine |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C20H23NO4 |
| Molar mass | 341.407 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 169 °C (336 °F) |
| |
| |
  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Naltrexone, sold under the brand names ReVia and Vivitrol among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol or opioid dependence.[1] An opioid-dependent person should not receive naltrexone before detoxification.[1] It is taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle.[1] Effects begin within 30 minutes.[1] A decreased desire for opioids, though, may take a few weeks.[1]
Side effects may include trouble sleeping, anxiety, nausea, and headaches.[1] In those still on opioids, opioid withdrawal may occur.[1] Use is not recommended in people with liver failure.[1] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy.[1][3] Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist and works by blocking the effects of opioids, both those from inside and outside the body.[1]
Naltrexone was first made in 1965 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984.[1][4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5] As of 2019, the wholesale cost of tablets is about US$0.80 per day in the United States.[6] The extended-release injections cost about $1,267 per month ($41 per day).[6] Naltrexone, as naltrexone/bupropion, is also used to treat obesity.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ Tran TH, Griffin BL, Stone RH, Vest KM, Todd TJ (July 2017). "Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women". Pharmacotherapy. 37 (7): 824–839. doi:10.1002/phar.1958. PMID 28543191.
- ^ Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A.; Sussman, Norman (2012). Kaplan & Sadock's Pocket Handbook of Psychiatric Drug Treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 265. ISBN 9781451154467. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05.
- ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
- ^ a b "NADAC as of 2019-07-17 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 2019-07-16. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ "Naltrexone/bupropion for obesity". Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin. 55 (11): 126–129. November 2017. doi:10.1136/dtb.2017.11.0550. PMID 29117992.