User:Mr. Ibrahem/Overactive bladder
| Overactive bladder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Overactive bladder syndrome |
 | |
| Specialty | Urology |
| Symptoms | Frequent feeling of needing to urinate[1] |
| Complications | Urinary incontinence[1] |
| Usual onset | More common with age[2] |
| Duration | Often years[2] |
| Causes | Unknown[2] |
| Risk factors | Obesity, caffeine, constipation[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Urinary tract infections, neurological conditions[4][2] |
| Treatment | Pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, drinking moderate fluids, weight loss[5] |
| Prognosis | Not life-threatening[2] |
| Frequency | ~15% men, 25% women[2] |
Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by a group of urinary symptoms including a frequent urge to pass urine during the day, at night, or both.[1] It occurs to a degree that negatively affects a person's quality of life.[4][6] More than 40% of people also have involuntary leaking of urine.[1][3] Conversely, about 40% to 70% of urinary incontinence is due to overactive bladder.[7] Overactive bladder is not life-threatening,[2] but most people with the condition have problems for years.[2]
The cause of overactive bladder is unknown.[2] Risk factors include obesity, caffeine, and constipation.[3] Poorly controlled diabetes, poor functional mobility, and chronic pelvic pain may worsen the symptoms.[2] People often have the symptoms for a long time before seeking treatment and the condition is sometimes identified by caregivers.[2] Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms and requires other problems such as urinary tract infections or neurological conditions to be excluded.[4][2] The diagnosis may be supported by urodynamics.[8] The amount of urine passed during each urination is relatively small.[2] Pain while urinating suggests that there is a problem other than overactive bladder.[2]
Specific treatment is not always required.[2] If treatment is desired pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, and other behavioral methods are initially recommended.[5] Weight loss in those who are overweight, decreasing caffeine consumption, and drinking moderate fluids, can also have benefits.[5] Medications, typically of the anti-muscarinic type, are only recommended if other measures are not effective.[5] They are no more effective than behavioral methods; however, they are associated with side effects, particularly in older people.[5][9] Some non-invasive electrical stimulation methods appear effective while they are in use.[10] Injections of botulinum toxin into the bladder is another option.[5] Urinary catheters or surgery are generally not recommended.[5] A diary to track problems can help determine whether treatments are working.[5]
Overactive bladder is estimated to occur in 7-27% of men and 9-43% of women.[2] It becomes more common with age.[2] Some studies suggest that the condition is more common in women, especially when associated with loss of bladder control.[2] Economic costs of overactive bladder were estimated in the United States at US$12.6 billion and 4.2 billion Euro in 2000.[11]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Lightner, Deborah J.; Gomelsky, Alexander; Souter, Lesley; Vasavada, Sandip P. (September 2019). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Overactive Bladder (Non-Neurogenic) in Adults: AUA/SUFU Guideline Amendment 2019". The Journal of Urology. 202 (3): 558–563. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000000309. ISSN 1527-3792. PMID 31039103. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r American Urological Association (2014). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Overactive Bladder (Non-Neurogenic) in Adults: AUA/SUFU Guideline" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ a b c Gibbs, Ronald S. (2008). Danforth's obstetrics and gynecology (10 ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 890–891. ISBN 9780781769372. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
- ^ a b c Gormley EA, Lightner DJ, Faraday M, Vasavada SP (May 2015). "Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline amendment". The Journal of Urology. 193 (5): 1572–80. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.087. PMID 25623739.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gormley EA, Lightner DJ, Burgio KL, Chai TC, Clemens JQ, Culkin DJ, Das AK, Foster HE, Scarpero HM, Tessier CD, Vasavada SP (December 2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline". The Journal of Urology. 188 (6 Suppl): 2455–63. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.079. PMID 23098785.
- ^ "Urinary Bladder, Overactive". Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ Ghosh, Amit K. (2008). Mayo Clinic internal medicine concise textbook. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Scientific Press. p. 339. ISBN 9781420067514. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
- ^ Hallner, Barry G.; Krlin, Ryan M.; Winters, J. Christian (2015). "5. Urodynamic evaluation of the overactive bladder". In Corcos, Jacques; MacDiarmid, Scott; Heesakkers, John (eds.). Overactive Bladder: Practical Management. Wiley Blackwell. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-118-64061-6. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
- ^ Ruxton K, Woodman RJ, Mangoni AA (August 2015). "Drugs with anticholinergic effects and cognitive impairment, falls and all-cause mortality in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 80 (2): 209–20. doi:10.1111/bcp.12617. PMC 4541969. PMID 25735839.
- ^ Stewart F, Gameiro LF, El Dib R, Gameiro MO, Kapoor A, Amaro JL (December 2016). "Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12: CD010098. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010098.pub4. hdl:2164/8446. PMC 6463833. PMID 27935011.
- ^ Abrams, Paul (2011). Overactive bladder syndrome and urinary incontinence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 9780199599394. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.