User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pheochromocytoma
| Pheochromocytoma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Phaeochromocytoma, adrenal gland chromaffinoma, adrenal gland chromaffin paraganglioma[1] |
 | |
| Normal remnant adrenal gland (left) with a pheochromocytoma (right) involving the adrenal medulla | |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Specialty | Endocrinology, nephrology |
| Symptoms | High blood pressure, headaches, palpitations, sweating, none[3][4] |
| Complications | Hypertensive crisis, cardiomyopathy, hemorrhagic stroke, metastasis[3][4] |
| Usual onset | 30 and 50 years old[3] |
| Causes | Unknown, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), neurofibromatosis type 1, Von Hippel-Lindau disease[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Elevated plasma free metanephrines, 24-hour urinary fractioned metanephrine[4] |
| Differential diagnosis | Hyperthyroidism, carcinoid tumor, hypoglycemia, menopause, migraine, cocaine[4] |
| Treatment | Surgery, blood pressure medication[4] |
| Frequency | Rare[3] |
Pheochromocytoma (PHEO or PCC) is a tumor of the adrenal gland.[1] Common symptoms include high blood pressure, headaches, palpitations, and sweating; though some may have no symptoms.[3][4] This may occur as episodes a few times per day to a few times per month.[3] Other symptoms may include chest pain, diarrhea, and anxiety.[3] Complications may include hypertensive crisis, cardiomyopathy, hemorrhagic stroke, and metastasis.[3][4]
The cause is most often unknown.[1] In some cases it occurs due to a genetic condition such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), neurofibromatosis type 1, or Von Hippel-Lindau disease.[1] The symptoms occur due to the production of the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine by the tumor.[1] When a tumor composed of the same cells develops outside the adrenal gland, it is referred to as a paraganglioma.[1]
The preferred treatment is surgical removal, whenever possible.[1] Before surgery medications, such as calcium-channel blockers and ACE inhibitors, are used to manage blood pressure.[1][4] In those in who removal is not possible, long term medication are required.[1]
Pheochromocytomas are rare.[3] They are responsible for less than 1% of cases of high blood pressure.[3] They most commonly occur in those between 30 and 50 years old.[3] Males and females are affected equally frequently.[4] The condition was first described in 1937 by Mayo, though the abnormal cells had been described in 1912 by Pick.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Pheochromocytoma". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA | Definition of PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Pheochromocytoma". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mubarik, A; Aeddula, NR (January 2021). "Chromaffin Cell Cancer". PMID 30570981.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)