User:Mr. Ibrahem/Polymyxin B

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Mr. Ibrahem/Polymyxin B
Clinical data
Trade namesPoly-Rx, others
AHFS/Drugs.comSystemic: Monograph
Eye and ear: Monograph
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Topical, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, eye drops
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • N-[4-amino-1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC56H100N16O17S
Molar mass1301.57 g·mol−1
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Polymyxin B, sold under the brand name Poly-Rx among others, is an antibiotic used to treat meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections.[1] While it is useful for many Gram negative infections, it is not useful for Gram positive infections.[1] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or cerebrospinal fluid or inhaled.[1] The injectable form is generally only used if other options are not available.[4] It is also available as the combinations bacitracin/polymyxin B and neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin for use on the skin.[5][6]

Common side effects when given by injection include kidney problems, neurological problems, fever, itchiness, and rash.[1] Injections into muscle may result in significant pain.[1] Other serious side effects may include fungal infections, anaphylaxis, and muscle weakness.[1] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby.[1] Polymyxin B works by breaking down the cytoplasmic membrane which generally results in bacterial cell death.[1]

Polymyxin B was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In the United States it costs about US$17 per day.[8] In Europe it is only approved to be applied to the skin as of 2015.[9] It is derived from the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Polymyxin B Sulfate topical Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  2. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  3. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J.; Mandell, Gerald L. (2009). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 469. ISBN 9781437720600. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  5. ^ "DailyMed - neomycin, bacitracin, polymyxin b ointment". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  6. ^ Woo, Teri Moser; Robinson, Marylou V. (2015). Pharmacotherapeutics For Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers. F.A. Davis. p. 651. ISBN 9780803645813. Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  7. ^ Organization, World Health (2019). "World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019" (Document). hdl:10665/325771. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ "Polymyxin b Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019. Typical dose is about 20,000 units per kg * 70 = 1.4 million. So three vials per day.
  9. ^ "Polymyxin-based products" (PDF). EMA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
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