User:Mr. Ibrahem/Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
| Takotsubo cardiomyopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Transient apical ballooning syndrome, apical ballooning cardiomyopathy, Gebrochenes-Herz syndrome,[1] acute stress-induced cardiomyopathy, broken-heart syndrome, takotsubo syndrome[2] |
 | |
| (A) Drawing of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (B) Compared to a normal heart | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Chest pain, shortness of breath, brief loss of consciousness[3][1] |
| Complications | Heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, sudden cardiac death[1] |
| Usual onset | Sudden[3] |
| Types | Primary (emotional), secondary (physical factors)[1] |
| Causes | Significant stress (physical or emotional)[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Cardiac catheterization[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Heart attack, coronary artery spasm, myocarditis, esophageal spasm[3][1] |
| Treatment | Supportive care[3] |
| Frequency | 2 to 7% of heart attacks[4][3] |
| Deaths | 4% risk of death[3] |
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a type of heart disease in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of part of the heart muscule without blockage of the arteries to the heart.[1][3] Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and brief loss of consciousness.[3][1] Complications may include heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, and sudden cardiac death.[1]
It usually occurs as a result of significant stress, either physical or emotional.[3] This may include death of a loved one, divorce, public speaking, assault, chemotherapy, pheochromocytoma, and vomiting.[3][4] The mechanism is believed to involve a surge of catecholamines, including adrenaline and norepinephrine, which increases the work of and decreases blood flow to the heart.[5] Diagnosis is based on cardiac catheterization finding unblocked coronary arteries together with ballooning of the left ventricle.[3] ECG findings may be similar to a myocardial infarction (MI).[3] Troponin elevation may occur, though is generally low.[1]
Initial management involves supportive care.[3] There is no evidence that treatment can prevent recurrence.[6] Although the heart generally returns to normal over days to week, about 4% of people die during the initial episode, and there is a 12% risk of recurrence.[3] Cases due to physical illness rather than emotional stress are associated with worse outcomes.[1]
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy occurs worldwide.[6] It occurs more commonly in women after menopause.[6] It is thought to be responsible for about 2 to 7% of what are initially though to be heart attacks.[4][3] It was first described in 1990 by Sato.[3] The name comes from the Japanese word takotsubo meaning "octopus trap", as the heart takes the shape of an octopus trap.[7] It has colloquially been called "broken heart syndrome".[3][2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ahmad, SA; Brito, D; Khalid, N; Ibrahim, MA (January 2022). "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy". PMID 28613549.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy". Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Dawson, DK (January 2018). "Acute stress-induced (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 104 (2): 96–102. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311579. PMID 28824005.
- ^ a b c Ghadri, Jelena-Rima; Wittstein, Ilan Shor; Prasad, Abhiram; Sharkey, Scott; Dote, Keigo; Akashi, Yoshihiro John; Cammann, Victoria Lucia; Crea, Filippo; Galiuto, Leonarda; Desmet, Walter; Yoshida, Tetsuro (2018-05-29). "International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology". European Heart Journal. 39 (22): 2032–2046. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy076. ISSN 0195-668X. PMC 5991216. PMID 29850871.
- ^ Tavazzi, G.; Zanierato, M.; Via, G.; Iotti, G. A.; Procaccio, F. (December 2017). "Are Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo Different Syndromes With Common Pathways?: Etiopathological Insights on Dysfunctional Hearts". JACC Heart Failure. 5 (12): 940–42. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.006. PMID 29191302.
- ^ a b c Akashi, Y. J.; Nef, H. M.; Lyon, A. R. (July 2015). "Epidemiology and pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome" (PDF). Nature Reviews Cardiology. 12 (7): 387–397. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.39. hdl:10044/1/25730. PMID 25855605. S2CID 24742760. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
- ^ Akashi YJ, Nef HM, Möllmann H, Ueyama T (2010). "Stress cardiomyopathy". Annual Review of Medicine. 61: 271–86. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.041908.191750. PMID 19686084.