User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tic disorder
| Tic disorder | |
|---|---|
| Examples of tics | |
| Specialty | Neurology, psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements or sounds[1] |
| Complications | Psychological distress[2] |
| Usual onset | Around 5 years old[1] |
| Types | Tourette disorder, persistent tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, other specified and unspecified tic disorders[1] |
| Risk factors | Family history[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other similar conditions[1][3] |
| Differential diagnosis | ADHD, myoclonus, cocaine intoxication, Huntington disease, postviral encephalitis[1][3] |
| Treatment | Education and reassurance[3] |
| Prognosis | Generally good[3] |
| Frequency | Up to 4%[3] |
Tic disorders are a group of disorders that present with either motor or vocal tics.[1] Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements or sounds.[1] They can vary from simple blinking to more complex such as speaking a group of words.[1] In tic disorders this occur repeatedly.[1] They can often be consciously stopped for a period of time.[1] Complications may include psychological distress.[2]
There are four types: Tourette disorder, persistent tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, and other specified and unspecified tic disorders.[1] They represent different severities with Tourette's being the most severe.[1] The first three by definition, have an onset before the age of 18.[1]
Risk factors include family history.[2] Associated condition include ADHD, obsessive compulsive disorder, and depression.[1] Episodes may be triggered by stress, excitement, or lack of sleep.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms after ruling out other conditions that may present similarly.[1][3] Similar conditions include ADHD, myoclonus, cocaine intoxication, Huntington disease, or postviral encephalitis.[1][3]
Most cases can be managed with education and reassurance.[3] Occasionally behavioral therapy or medication may be used.[3] Tic disorders affect up to 4% of people, while Tourette's affects about 1 in 200 school aged children.[1][3] Males are affected about 3 times as often as females.[1] Onset is often around 5 years of age, is most severe around 11 years of age, and gets better in later childhood.[1] Those with mild to moderate tics generally have good outcomes.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 81–85. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
- ^ a b c d Cath, DC; Hedderly, T; Ludolph, AG; Stern, JS; Murphy, T; Hartmann, A; Czernecki, V; Robertson, MM; Martino, D; Munchau, A; Rizzo, R; ESSTS Guidelines, Group. (April 2011). "European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I: assessment". European child & adolescent psychiatry. 20 (4): 155–71. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0164-6. PMID 21445723.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Roessner, V; Plessen, KJ; Rothenberger, A; Ludolph, AG; Rizzo, R; Skov, L; Strand, G; Stern, JS; Termine, C; Hoekstra, PJ; ESSTS Guidelines, Group. (April 2011). "European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment". European child & adolescent psychiatry. 20 (4): 173–96. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7. PMID 21445724.