User:Mr. Ibrahem/Wilms' tumor
Wilms' tumor | |
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Other names | Wilms's tumor, nephroblastoma |
Cut section showing two halves of a Wilms' tumor. Note the prominent septa subdividing the sectioned surface and the protrusion of tumor into the renal pelvis, resembling sarcoma botryoides. | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Oncology, urology |
Symptoms | Blood in the urine, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, high blood pressure[1][2] |
Complications | Spread, Von Willebrand's disease[2] |
Usual onset | 3 to 5 years old[2] |
Types | Stage I to V[1] |
Causes | Usually unclear[2] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging[2] |
Differential diagnosis | Clear cell renal sarcoma, rhabdoid renal tumor, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, renal cell cancer[2] |
Treatment | Surgical removal of the kidney, chemotherapy[2] |
Prognosis | Five-year survival 78% to 92% depending on access to treatment[2] |
Frequency | 650 cases per year (USA)[3] |
Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a type of kidney cancer that typically occurs in children.[1] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, or high blood pressure.[1][2] In about 5% of cases both kidneys are involved.[2] It can spread to the lungs, liver, bone, brain, or lymph nodes.[1] Other complications can include Von Willebrand's disease.[2]
The cause in most cases is unclear, though it is associated with a number of genetic changes.[2] It is rare for a person's parents to be affected.[2] About 10% of cases are associated with other birth defects, such as WAGR syndrome or Drash syndrome.[3] Diagnosis is usually by medical imaging as a biopsy may spread the disease.[2]
Treatment generally involves surgical removal of the kidney and chemotherapy.[2] The lymph nodes around the aorta are generally checked at the time of surgery for spread.[2] In more severe disease radiation therapy may be used.[2] The five year survival is 92% in the United States and 78% in the developing world.[2]
Wilms' tumor occurs in about 1 in 10,000 children less than a year old and 1 in 100,000 children less than 15 years old a year.[3] About 650 cases occur a year in the United States.[3] It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children under 15 years old and the 4th most common childhood cancer.[1][2] It occurs more commonly in Africans than East Asians.[2] It is named after Max Wilms, the German surgeon who first described it in 1899.[4][2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f "Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 5 May 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Leslie, SW; Sajjad, H; Murphy, PB (January 2020). "Wilms Tumor". PMID 28723033.
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(help) - ^ a b c d "Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ "Max Wilms". www.whonamedit.com. Retrieved 25 January 2021.