User:Nick.magazine/sandbox
Immunoproteomics Sandbox[edit]
Immunoproteomics is the study of large sets of proteins (proteomics) involved in the immune response.
Examples of common applications of immunoproteomics include:
- the isolation and mass spectrometric identification of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) binding peptides
- purification and identification of protein antigens binding specific antibodies (or other affinity reagents), and
- comparative immunoproteomics to identify proteins and pathways modulated by a specific infectious organism, disease or toxin.
An important aspect to proteomics in general is that mass spectrometry is typically the method which is ultimately used or protein identification.
In addition to mass spectrometry, gel based, microarray based, and DNA based techniques, are also commonly used for identifying protein expression.[1]
Applications[edit]
Immunology[edit]
Immunoproteomics is and has been used to increase scientific understanding of both autoimmune disease pathology and progression. Using biochemical techniques, gene and ultimately protein expression can be measured with high fidelity. With this information, the biochemical pathways causing pathology in conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn's disease, etc. can potentially be elucidated. Serum antibody identification in particular has proven to be very useful as a diagnostic tool for a number of diseases in modern medicine (in large part due to the relatively high stability of serum antibodies).[2]
Immunoproteomic techniques are additionally used for the isolation of antibodies[3]. By identifying and proceeding to sequence antibodies, scientists are able to identify potential protein targets of said antibodies[4]. In doing so, it is possible to determine the antigen(s) responsible for a particular immune response. Identification and engineering of antibodies involved in autoimmune disease pathology may offer novel techniques in disease therapy.
Technology and Instrumentation[edit]
Mass Spectrometry[edit]
Mass spectrometry can be used in the sequencing of MHC binding motifs, which can subsequently be used to predict T cell epitopes[5]. The technique of Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) can be used to check a peptide's mass spectrum against a database of protein digests which have already been documented[6].If the mass spectrum of protein of interest as well as the database protein share a large amount of homology, it is likely that the protein of interest is contained within the sample[6].
Western Blotting[edit]
Western blotting techniques have been used for many years in the identification of immune response magnitude[1].
Further Reading[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Fulton, Kelly M.; Twine, Susan M. (2013-01-01). "Immunoproteomics: current technology and applications". Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1061: 21–57. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-589-7_2. ISSN 1940-6029. PMID 23963929.
- ^ Tjalsma, Harold; Schaeps, Renée M. J.; Swinkels, Dorine W. (2008-02-01). "Immunoproteomics: From biomarker discovery to diagnostic applications". PROTEOMICS – Clinical Applications. 2 (2): 167–180. doi:10.1002/prca.200780012. ISSN 1862-8354.
- ^ Hess, Jennifer L.; Blazer, Levi; Romer, Terence; Faber, Lee; Buller, R. Mark; Boyle, Michael D. P. (2005-02-05). "Immunoproteomics". Journal of Chromatography B. Proteomic Databases Part III. 815 (1–2): 65–75. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.07.047.
- ^ Ganesan, Vinitha; Schmidt, Brigitte; Avula, Raghunandan; Cooke, Dagney; Maggiacomo, Taylor; Tellin, Lawton; Ascherman, Dana P.; Bruchez, Marcel P.; Minden, Jonathan (2015-06-01). "Immuno-proteomics: Development of a novel reagent for separating antibodies from their target proteins". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. Medical Proteomics. 1854 (6): 592–600. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.10.011.
- ^ Purcell, A. W.; Gorman, J. J. (2004-03-01). "Immunoproteomics Mass Spectrometry-based Methods to Study the Targets of the Immune Response". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 3 (3): 193–208. doi:10.1074/mcp.R300013-MCP200. ISSN 1535-9476. PMID 14718575.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b "An Introduction to Protein Identification - Protein Analysis". Protein Analysis. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
Category:Branches of immunology
Category:Genomics
Category:Proteins
Category:Proteomics