User:Paine Ellsworth/Sandbox5

Articles Related to Gabapentin

v t e Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia pharmacotherapies
Monoaminergics	SNRIsTooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (e.g., duloxetine, milnacipran) TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, dosulepin) Opioid MRIsTooltip monoamine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., tapentadol, tramadol)
Ion channel blockers	Anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin, mirogabalin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine) Local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) Mexiletine TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine) Ziconotide
Others	Alpha lipoic acid Benfotiamine Botulinum toxin A Bupropion Cannabinoids (e.g., cannabis, dronabinol, nabilone) NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., ketamine, dextromethorphan, methadone) Opioids (e.g., hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, tapentadol) Sodium oxybate (GHB)

v t e Mood stabilizers
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valpromide
Atypical antipsychotics	Aripiprazole Asenapine Cariprazine Clozapine Lurasidone Olanzapine (+fluoxetine) Paliperidone Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone
Others	Ketamine Lithium (lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, lithium citrate, lithium hydroxide, lithium orotate) Omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid)

GABA receptor modulators

Ionotropic

GABA_A

Agonists: (+)-Catechin
Bamaluzole
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
Beta-Alanine
BL-1020
DAVA
Dihydromuscimol
GABA
Gabamide
GABOB
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Ibotenic acid
iso-THAZ
iso-THIP
Isoguvacine
Isomuscimol
Isonipecotic acid
Kojic amine
L-838,417
Lignans (e.g., honokiol)
Methylglyoxal
Monastrol
Muscimol
Nefiracetam
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone)
Org 20599
PF-6372865
Phenibut
Picamilon
P4S
Progabide
Propofol
Quisqualamine
SL-75102
Taurine
TACA
TAMP
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol)
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
ZAPA

Positive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list): α-EMTBL
Alcohols (e.g., drinking alcohol, 2M2B)
Anabolic steroids
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)
Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide)
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate)
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid)
Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, hispidulin)
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate)
Kava constituents (e.g., kavain)
Lanthanum
Loreclezole
Monastrol
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone, cholesterol, THDOC)
Niacin
Niacinamide
Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon))
Norfluoxetine
Petrichloral
Phenols (e.g., propofol)
Phenytoin
Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide)
Propanidid
Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate)
Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone)
Retigabine (ezogabine)
ROD-188
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin)
Stiripentol
Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal))
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid)
Volatiles/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraldehyde, sevoflurane)

Negative modulators: 1,3M1B
3M2B
11-Ketoprogesterone
17-Phenylandrostenol
α3IA
α5IA (LS-193,268)
β-CCB
β-CCE
β-CCM
β-CCP
β-EMGBL
Anabolic steroids
Amiloride
Anisatin
β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Basmisanil
Bemegride
Bicyclic phosphates (TBPS, TBPO, IPTBO)
BIDN
Bilobalide
Bupropion
CHEB
Chlorophenylsilatrane
Cicutoxin
Cloflubicyne
Cyclothiazide
DHEA
DHEA-S
Dieldrin
(+)-DMBB
DMCM
DMPC
EBOB
Etbicyphat
FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
Fiproles (e.g., fipronil)
Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone, oroxylin A)
Flumazenil
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
Flurothyl
Furosemide
Golexanolone
Iomazenil (¹²³I)
IPTBO
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
L-655,708
Laudanosine
Lindane
MaxiPost
Morphine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
MRK-016
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nicardipine
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide)
Oenanthotoxin
Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
Phenylsilatrane
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin, picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin)
Pregnenolone sulfate
Propybicyphat
PWZ-029
Radequinil
Ro 15-4513
Ro 19-4603
RO4882224
RO4938581
Sarmazenil
SCS
Suritozole
TB-21007
TBOB
TBPS
TCS-1105
Terbequinil
TETS
Thujone
U-93631
Zinc
ZK-93426

GABA_A-ρ

Negative modulators: 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
Bilobalide
Loreclezole
Picrotoxin (picrotin, picrotoxinin)
Pregnanolone
ROD-188
THDOC
Zinc

Metabotropic

GABA_B

Negative modulators: Compound 14

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; GABA_A receptor positive modulators; GABA metabolism/transport modulators

Articles Related to Benjamin Franklin

Copley Medallists (1751–1800)

John Canton (1751)
John Pringle (1752)
Benjamin Franklin (1753)
William Lewis (1754)
John Huxham (1755)
Charles Cavendish (1757)
John Dollond (1758)
John Smeaton (1759)
Benjamin Wilson (1760)
John Canton (1764)
William Brownrigg / Edward Delaval / Henry Cavendish (1766)
John Ellis (1767)
Peter Woulfe (1768)
William Hewson (1769)
William Hamilton (1770)
Matthew Raper (1771)
Joseph Priestley (1772)
John Walsh (1773)
Nevil Maskelyne (1775)
James Cook (1776)
John Mudge (1777)
Charles Hutton (1778)
Samuel Vince (1780)
William Herschel (1781)
Richard Kirwan (1782)
John Goodricke / Thomas Hutchins (1783)
Edward Waring (1784)
William Roy (1785)
John Hunter (1787)
Charles Blagden (1788)
William Morgan (1789)
James Rennell / Jean-André Deluc (1791)
Benjamin Thompson (1792)
Alessandro Volta (1794)
Jesse Ramsden (1795)
George Atwood (1796)
George Shuckburgh-Evelyn / Charles Hatchett (1798)
John Hellins (1799)
Edward Charles Howard (1800)

Age of Enlightenment

Topics

Thinkers

England	Addison Ashley-Cooper Bacon Bentham Collins Gibbon Godwin Harrington Hooke Johnson Locke Milton Newton Pope Price Priestley Reynolds Sidney Tindal Wollstonecraft
France	d'Alembert d'Argenson Bayle Beaumarchais Chamfort Châtelet Condillac Condorcet Descartes Diderot Fontenelle Gouges Helvétius d'Holbach Jaucourt La Mettrie Lavoisier Leclerc Mably Maréchal Meslier Montesquieu Morelly Pascal Quesnay Raynal Sade Turgot Voltaire
Geneva	Abauzit Bonnet Burlamaqui Prévost Rousseau Saussure
Germany	Goethe Herder Humboldt Kant Leibniz Lessing Lichtenberg Mendelssohn Pufendorf Schiller Thomasius Weishaupt Wieland Wolff
Greece	Farmakidis Feraios Kairis Korais
Ireland	Berkeley Boyle Burke Swift Toland
Italy	Beccaria Galiani Galvani Genovesi Pagano Verri Vico
Netherlands	Bekker Grotius Huygens Leeuwenhoek Nieuwentyt Spinoza Swammerdam
Poland	Kołłątaj Konarski Krasicki Niemcewicz Poniatowski Śniadecki Staszic Wybicki
Portugal	Carvalho e Melo
Romania	Budai-Deleanu Maior Micu-Klein Șincai
Russia	Catherine II Fonvizin Kantemir Kheraskov Lomonosov Novikov Radishchev Vorontsova-Dashkova
Serbia	Obradović Mrazović
Spain	Cadalso Charles III Feijóo y Montenegro Moratín Jovellanos Villarroel
Scotland	Beattie Black Blair Boswell Burnett Burns Cullen Ferguson Hume Hutcheson Hutton Mill Newton Playfair Reid Smith Stewart
United States	Franklin Jefferson Madison Mason Paine

Romanticism →

Category

v t e Speakers of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly (1682–1775)
Wynne More White Cook Growdon Clark Growdon Lloyd Shippen Simcock Blunston Pemberton Blunston Growdon Lloyd Growdon Hill Norris Growdon Lloyd Growdon Hill Trent Dickinson Trent Norris Langhorne Growdon Lloyd Biles Lloyd Hamilton Langhorne Hamilton Kinsey Wright Kinsey Norris (II) Leech Norris (II) Leech Norris (II) Franklin Norris (II) Fox Galloway Fox Galloway Biddle Morton

v t e Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence
Physical history of the Declaration of Independence Memorial to the 56 Signers Founding Fathers Syng inkstand
John Adams Samuel Adams Josiah Bartlett Carter Braxton Charles Carroll Samuel Chase Abraham Clark George Clymer William Ellery William Floyd Benjamin Franklin Elbridge Gerry Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall John Hancock Benjamin Harrison V John Hart Joseph Hewes Thomas Heyward Jr. William Hooper Stephen Hopkins Francis Hopkinson Samuel Huntington Thomas Jefferson Francis Lightfoot Lee Richard Henry Lee Francis Lewis Philip Livingston Thomas Lynch Jr. Thomas McKean Arthur Middleton Lewis Morris Robert Morris John Morton Thomas Nelson Jr. William Paca Robert Treat Paine John Penn George Read Caesar Rodney George Ross Benjamin Rush Edward Rutledge Roger Sherman James Smith Richard Stockton Thomas Stone George Taylor Matthew Thornton George Walton William Whipple William Williams James Wilson John Witherspoon Oliver Wolcott George Wythe

v t e Signatories of the United States Constitution
Convention President	George Washington
New Hampshire	John Langdon Nicholas Gilman
Massachusetts	Nathaniel Gorham Rufus King
Connecticut	William Samuel Johnson Roger Sherman
New York	Alexander Hamilton
New Jersey	William Livingston David Brearley William Paterson Jonathan Dayton
Pennsylvania	Benjamin Franklin Thomas Mifflin Robert Morris George Clymer Thomas Fitzsimons Jared Ingersoll James Wilson Gouverneur Morris
Delaware	George Read Gunning Bedford Jr. John Dickinson Richard Bassett Jacob Broom
Maryland	James McHenry Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer Daniel Carroll
Virginia	John Blair James Madison
North Carolina	William Blount Richard Dobbs Spaight Hugh Williamson
South Carolina	John Rutledge Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Charles Pinckney Pierce Butler
Georgia	William Few Abraham Baldwin
Attest signature to marginal note	William Jackson (convention secretary)
Related	Founding Fathers of the United States Jacob Shallus (engrosser) Syng inkstand

v t e United States Postmasters General
Confederal	Franklin Bache Hazard
Federal	Osgood Pickering Habersham G. Granger Meigs McLean
Cabinet level Post Office Department	Barry Kendall Niles F. Granger Wickliffe Johnson Collamer Hall Hubbard Campbell A. Brown Holt King Blair Dennison Randall Creswell Marshall Jewell Tyner Key Maynard James Howe Gresham Hatton Vilas Dickinson Wanamaker Bissell Wilson Gary Smith Payne Wynne Cortelyou Meyer Hitchcock Burleson Hays Work New W. Brown Farley Walker Hannegan Donaldson Summerfield Day Gronouski O'Brien Watson Blount
U.S. Postal Service	Blount Klassen Bailar Bolger Carlin Casey Tisch Frank Runyon Henderson Potter Donahoe Brennan DeJoy

v t e Governors and presidents of Pennsylvania
Presidents (1777–1790)	Wharton Bryan Reed Moore Dickinson Franklin Mifflin
Governors (since 1790)	Mifflin McKean Snyder Findlay Hiester Shulze G. Wolf Ritner Porter Shunk Johnston Bigler Pollock Packer Curtin Geary Hartranft Hoyt Pattison Beaver Pattison Hastings Stone Pennypacker Stuart Tener Brumbaugh Sproul Pinchot Fisher Pinchot Earle James Martin Bell Duff Fine Leader Lawrence Scranton Shafer Shapp Thornburgh Casey Ridge Schweiker Rendell Corbett T. Wolf Shapiro

v t e United States Ambassadors to France
Envoys to France (1776–1779)	Franklin, Lee & Deane/Adams
Ministers Plenipotentiary to France (1778–1815)	Franklin Jefferson Short Morris Monroe Pinckney Livingston Armstrong Russell (chargé d'affaires) Barlow Crawford
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France (1816–1893)	Gallatin Brown Rives Harris (chargé d'affaires) Livingston Barton (chargé d'affaires) Cass King Rush Rives Mason Faulkner Dayton Bigelow Dix Washburne Noyes Morton McLane Reid Coolidge
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France (1893–present)	Eustis Porter McCormick White Bacon Herrick Sharp Wallace Herrick Edge Straus Bullitt Leahy Tuck (chargé d'affaires) Caffery Bruce Dunn Dillon Houghton Gavin Bohlen Shriver Watson Irwin Rush Hartman Galbraith Rodgers Curley Harriman Rohatyn Leach Stapleton Rivkin Hartley McCourt Bauer

Links to related articles

Mood disorder

Spectrum

Bipolar disorder	Bipolar I Bipolar II Cyclothymia Bipolar NOS Childhood Hypomania Mania Mixed affective state Rapid cycling
Depression	Major depressive disorder Dysthymia Seasonal affective disorder Atypical depression Melancholic depression Major depressive episode Depression in childhood and adolescence
Comorbidities	Schizoaffective disorder

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Valproate Sodium valproate Valproate semisodium
Sympathomimetics, SSRIs and similar	Bupropion Dextroamphetamine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Methylphenidate Sertraline
Other mood stabilizers	Antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics Lithium Lithium carbonate Lithium citrate Lithium sulfate Lithium toxicity
Non-pharmaceutical	Clinical psychology Cognitive behavioral therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Electroconvulsive therapy Involuntary commitment Light therapy Psychotherapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation

History

Analgesics (N02A, N02B)

Opioids

Opiates/opium	Codeine^# +aspirin +paracetamol Morphine^# (+naltrexone) Opium Laudanum Paregoric
Semisynthetic	Acetyldihydrocodeine Benzylmorphine Buprenorphine (+naloxone) Butorphanol Desomorphine Diamorphine (heroin) Dihydrocodeine (+paracetamol) Dihydromorphine Etorphine Ethylmorphine Hydrocodone (+paracetamol, +ibuprofen, +aspirin) Hydromorphinol Hydromorphone Levorphanol Metopon Nalbuphine Nicocodeine Nicodicodine Nicomorphine Oxycodone (+paracetamol, +aspirin, +ibuprofen, +naloxone, +naltrexone) Oxymorphone Papaveretum Thebacon
Synthetic	Alfentanil Alphaprodine Anileridine Bezitramide Carfentanil Dextromoramide Dextropropoxyphene Dezocine Dimenoxadol Dipipanone Ethoheptazine Fentanyl^# (+fluanisone) Ketobemidone Lofentanil Meptazinol Methadone^# NFEPP Norpipanone Oliceridine Pentazocine Pethidine (meperidine) Phenadoxone Phenazocine Phenoperidine Piminodine Piritramide Proheptazine Propiram Remifentanil Sufentanil Tapentadol Tilidine Tramadol (+celecoxib, +paracetamol) Viminol

Paracetamol-type

NSAIDs

Propionates	Benoxaprofen ^‡ Fenoprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen^# (Dexibuprofen) (+paracetamol) Ketoprofen (Dexketoprofen) Loxoprofen Naproxen Oxaprozin Suprofen Tiaprofenic acid Zaltoprofen
Oxicams	Isoxicam Lornoxicam Meloxicam Piroxicam Tenoxicam
Acetates	Acemetacin Bromfenac Diclofenac Etodolac Indometacin (Indometacin farnesil) Ketorolac Sulindac Tolmetin Zomepirac ^‡
COX-2 inhibitors	Celecoxib (+tramadol) Etoricoxib Lumiracoxib ^‡ Parecoxib Rofecoxib ^‡ Valdecoxib ^‡
Fenamates	Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Tolfenamic acid
Salicylates	Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)^# (+paracetamol/caffeine) Aloxiprin Benorylate Carbasalate calcium Choline salicylate Diflunisal Dipyrocetyl Ethenzamide Guacetisal Imidazole salicylate Magnesium salicylate Morpholine salicylate Potassium salicylate Salicin Salicylamide Salsalate Sodium salicylate Wintergreen (methyl salicylate)
Pyrazolones	Aminophenazone^‡ Ampyrone Metamizole (dipyrone) Nifenazone Phenazone Propyphenazone (+paracetamol/caffeine)
Others	Benzydamine Floctafenine Glafenine Nabumetone Nimesulide Proquazone

Cannabinoids

Ion channel
modulators

Calcium blockers	Alcohol (ethanol) Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Leconotide Mirogabalin Pregabalin Ziconotide
Sodium blockers	Carbamazepine Lacosamide Local anesthetics (e.g., cocaine, lidocaine) Mexiletine Nefopam Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline^#) Na_v1.7/1.8-selective: DSP-2230^§ Funapide^§ PF-05089771^§
Potassium openers	Flupirtine^‡

Myorelaxants

Others

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Anticonvulsants (N03)

GABAergics

GABA_AR PAMs	Barbiturates: Barbexaclone Metharbital Methylphenobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital^# Primidone; Carbamates: Cenobamate Felbamate; Benzodiazepines: Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Imepitoin Paraldehyde Stiripentol
GABA-T inhibitors	Fatty acids (and related): Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil Vigabatrin
Others	GABAR agonists: Progabide; GAT-1 inhibitors: Tiagabine

Channel
modulators

Sodium blockers	Hydantoins: Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Mephenytoin Phenytoin^#; Ureides: Acetylpheneturide Chlorphenacemide Phenacemide^‡ Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine^# Eslicarbazepine acetate Oxcarbazepine; Others: Lacosamide Lamotrigine^# Rufinamide Topiramate Zonisamide
Calcium blockers	Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione Paramethadione Trimethadione; Succinimides: Ethosuximide^# Mesuximide Phensuximide; Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin Pregabalin; Others: Imepitoin Lamotrigine^# Topiramate Zonisamide
Potassium openers	Retigabine

Others

CA inhibitors	Sulfonamides: Acetazolamide Ethoxzolamide Sultiame Topiramate Zonisamide
Others	Albutoin Beclamide Brivaracetam Cannabidiol Carisbamate Etiracetam Fenfluramine Ganaxolone Levetiracetam Perampanel

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Links to related articles

Analgesics (N02A, N02B)

Opioids

Opiates/opium	Codeine^# +aspirin +paracetamol Morphine^# (+naltrexone) Opium Laudanum Paregoric
Semisynthetic	Acetyldihydrocodeine Benzylmorphine Buprenorphine (+naloxone) Butorphanol Desomorphine Diamorphine (heroin) Dihydrocodeine (+paracetamol) Dihydromorphine Etorphine Ethylmorphine Hydrocodone (+paracetamol, +ibuprofen, +aspirin) Hydromorphinol Hydromorphone Levorphanol Metopon Nalbuphine Nicocodeine Nicodicodine Nicomorphine Oxycodone (+paracetamol, +aspirin, +ibuprofen, +naloxone, +naltrexone) Oxymorphone Papaveretum Thebacon
Synthetic	Alfentanil Alphaprodine Anileridine Bezitramide Carfentanil Dextromoramide Dextropropoxyphene Dezocine Dimenoxadol Dipipanone Ethoheptazine Fentanyl^# (+fluanisone) Ketobemidone Lofentanil Meptazinol Methadone^# NFEPP Norpipanone Oliceridine Pentazocine Pethidine (meperidine) Phenadoxone Phenazocine Phenoperidine Piminodine Piritramide Proheptazine Propiram Remifentanil Sufentanil Tapentadol Tilidine Tramadol (+celecoxib, +paracetamol) Viminol

Paracetamol-type

NSAIDs

Propionates	Benoxaprofen ^‡ Fenoprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen^# (Dexibuprofen) (+paracetamol) Ketoprofen (Dexketoprofen) Loxoprofen Naproxen Oxaprozin Suprofen Tiaprofenic acid Zaltoprofen
Oxicams	Isoxicam Lornoxicam Meloxicam Piroxicam Tenoxicam
Acetates	Acemetacin Bromfenac Diclofenac Etodolac Indometacin (Indometacin farnesil) Ketorolac Sulindac Tolmetin Zomepirac ^‡
COX-2 inhibitors	Celecoxib (+tramadol) Etoricoxib Lumiracoxib ^‡ Parecoxib Rofecoxib ^‡ Valdecoxib ^‡
Fenamates	Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Tolfenamic acid
Salicylates	Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)^# (+paracetamol/caffeine) Aloxiprin Benorylate Carbasalate calcium Choline salicylate Diflunisal Dipyrocetyl Ethenzamide Guacetisal Imidazole salicylate Magnesium salicylate Morpholine salicylate Potassium salicylate Salicin Salicylamide Salsalate Sodium salicylate Wintergreen (methyl salicylate)
Pyrazolones	Aminophenazone^‡ Ampyrone Metamizole (dipyrone) Nifenazone Phenazone Propyphenazone (+paracetamol/caffeine)
Others	Benzydamine Floctafenine Glafenine Nabumetone Nimesulide Proquazone

Cannabinoids

Ion channel
modulators

Calcium blockers	Alcohol (ethanol) Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Leconotide Mirogabalin Pregabalin Ziconotide
Sodium blockers	Carbamazepine Lacosamide Local anesthetics (e.g., cocaine, lidocaine) Mexiletine Nefopam Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline^#) Na_v1.7/1.8-selective: DSP-2230^§ Funapide^§ PF-05089771^§
Potassium openers	Flupirtine^‡

Myorelaxants

Others

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Anticonvulsants (N03)

GABAergics

GABA_AR PAMs	Barbiturates: Barbexaclone Metharbital Methylphenobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital^# Primidone; Carbamates: Cenobamate Felbamate; Benzodiazepines: Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Imepitoin Paraldehyde Stiripentol
GABA-T inhibitors	Fatty acids (and related): Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil Vigabatrin
Others	GABAR agonists: Progabide; GAT-1 inhibitors: Tiagabine

Channel
modulators

Sodium blockers	Hydantoins: Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Mephenytoin Phenytoin^#; Ureides: Acetylpheneturide Chlorphenacemide Phenacemide^‡ Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine^# Eslicarbazepine acetate Oxcarbazepine; Others: Lacosamide Lamotrigine^# Rufinamide Topiramate Zonisamide
Calcium blockers	Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione Paramethadione Trimethadione; Succinimides: Ethosuximide^# Mesuximide Phensuximide; Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin Pregabalin; Others: Imepitoin Lamotrigine^# Topiramate Zonisamide
Potassium openers	Retigabine

Others

CA inhibitors	Sulfonamides: Acetazolamide Ethoxzolamide Sultiame Topiramate Zonisamide
Others	Albutoin Beclamide Brivaracetam Cannabidiol Carisbamate Etiracetam Fenfluramine Ganaxolone Levetiracetam Perampanel

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Mood disorder

Spectrum

Bipolar disorder	Bipolar I Bipolar II Cyclothymia Bipolar NOS Childhood Hypomania Mania Mixed affective state Rapid cycling
Depression	Major depressive disorder Dysthymia Seasonal affective disorder Atypical depression Melancholic depression Major depressive episode Depression in childhood and adolescence
Comorbidities	Schizoaffective disorder

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Valproate Sodium valproate Valproate semisodium
Sympathomimetics, SSRIs and similar	Bupropion Dextroamphetamine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Methylphenidate Sertraline
Other mood stabilizers	Antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics Lithium Lithium carbonate Lithium citrate Lithium sulfate Lithium toxicity
Non-pharmaceutical	Clinical psychology Cognitive behavioral therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Electroconvulsive therapy Involuntary commitment Light therapy Psychotherapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation

History

Links to related articles

Anticonvulsants (N03)

GABAergics

GABA_AR PAMs	Barbiturates: Barbexaclone Metharbital Methylphenobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital^# Primidone; Carbamates: Cenobamate Felbamate; Benzodiazepines: Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam; Others: Bromide (potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Imepitoin Paraldehyde Stiripentol
GABA-T inhibitors	Fatty acids (and related): Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil Vigabatrin
Others	GABAR agonists: Progabide; GAT-1 inhibitors: Tiagabine

Channel
modulators

Sodium blockers	Hydantoins: Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Mephenytoin Phenytoin^#; Ureides: Acetylpheneturide Chlorphenacemide Phenacemide^‡ Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine^# Eslicarbazepine acetate Oxcarbazepine; Others: Lacosamide Lamotrigine^# Rufinamide Topiramate Zonisamide
Calcium blockers	Oxazolidinediones: Ethadione Paramethadione Trimethadione; Succinimides: Ethosuximide^# Mesuximide Phensuximide; Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin Pregabalin; Others: Imepitoin Lamotrigine^# Topiramate Zonisamide
Potassium openers	Retigabine

Others

CA inhibitors	Sulfonamides: Acetazolamide Ethoxzolamide Sultiame Topiramate Zonisamide
Others	Albutoin Beclamide Brivaracetam Cannabidiol Carisbamate Etiracetam Fenfluramine Ganaxolone Levetiracetam Perampanel

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Mood disorder

Spectrum

Bipolar disorder	Bipolar I Bipolar II Cyclothymia Bipolar NOS Childhood Hypomania Mania Mixed affective state Rapid cycling
Depression	Major depressive disorder Dysthymia Seasonal affective disorder Atypical depression Melancholic depression Major depressive episode Depression in childhood and adolescence
Comorbidities	Schizoaffective disorder

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Valproate Sodium valproate Valproate semisodium
Sympathomimetics, SSRIs and similar	Bupropion Dextroamphetamine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Methylphenidate Sertraline
Other mood stabilizers	Antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics Lithium Lithium carbonate Lithium citrate Lithium sulfate Lithium toxicity
Non-pharmaceutical	Clinical psychology Cognitive behavioral therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Electroconvulsive therapy Involuntary commitment Light therapy Psychotherapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation

History

Analgesics (N02A, N02B)

Opioids

Opiates/opium	Codeine^# +aspirin +paracetamol Morphine^# (+naltrexone) Opium Laudanum Paregoric
Semisynthetic	Acetyldihydrocodeine Benzylmorphine Buprenorphine (+naloxone) Butorphanol Desomorphine Diamorphine (heroin) Dihydrocodeine (+paracetamol) Dihydromorphine Etorphine Ethylmorphine Hydrocodone (+paracetamol, +ibuprofen, +aspirin) Hydromorphinol Hydromorphone Levorphanol Metopon Nalbuphine Nicocodeine Nicodicodine Nicomorphine Oxycodone (+paracetamol, +aspirin, +ibuprofen, +naloxone, +naltrexone) Oxymorphone Papaveretum Thebacon
Synthetic	Alfentanil Alphaprodine Anileridine Bezitramide Carfentanil Dextromoramide Dextropropoxyphene Dezocine Dimenoxadol Dipipanone Ethoheptazine Fentanyl^# (+fluanisone) Ketobemidone Lofentanil Meptazinol Methadone^# NFEPP Norpipanone Oliceridine Pentazocine Pethidine (meperidine) Phenadoxone Phenazocine Phenoperidine Piminodine Piritramide Proheptazine Propiram Remifentanil Sufentanil Tapentadol Tilidine Tramadol (+celecoxib, +paracetamol) Viminol

Paracetamol-type

NSAIDs

Propionates	Benoxaprofen ^‡ Fenoprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen^# (Dexibuprofen) (+paracetamol) Ketoprofen (Dexketoprofen) Loxoprofen Naproxen Oxaprozin Suprofen Tiaprofenic acid Zaltoprofen
Oxicams	Isoxicam Lornoxicam Meloxicam Piroxicam Tenoxicam
Acetates	Acemetacin Bromfenac Diclofenac Etodolac Indometacin (Indometacin farnesil) Ketorolac Sulindac Tolmetin Zomepirac ^‡
COX-2 inhibitors	Celecoxib (+tramadol) Etoricoxib Lumiracoxib ^‡ Parecoxib Rofecoxib ^‡ Valdecoxib ^‡
Fenamates	Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Tolfenamic acid
Salicylates	Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)^# (+paracetamol/caffeine) Aloxiprin Benorylate Carbasalate calcium Choline salicylate Diflunisal Dipyrocetyl Ethenzamide Guacetisal Imidazole salicylate Magnesium salicylate Morpholine salicylate Potassium salicylate Salicin Salicylamide Salsalate Sodium salicylate Wintergreen (methyl salicylate)
Pyrazolones	Aminophenazone^‡ Ampyrone Metamizole (dipyrone) Nifenazone Phenazone Propyphenazone (+paracetamol/caffeine)
Others	Benzydamine Floctafenine Glafenine Nabumetone Nimesulide Proquazone

Cannabinoids

Ion channel
modulators

Calcium blockers	Alcohol (ethanol) Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Leconotide Mirogabalin Pregabalin Ziconotide
Sodium blockers	Carbamazepine Lacosamide Local anesthetics (e.g., cocaine, lidocaine) Mexiletine Nefopam Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline^#) Na_v1.7/1.8-selective: DSP-2230^§ Funapide^§ PF-05089771^§
Potassium openers	Flupirtine^‡

Myorelaxants

Others

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III