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A photograph of a horseshoe bat hanging upside down from a rocky surface, with the photographer below the bat. It has shockingly bright orange fur, and dark gray wings, ears, and nose.
Rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxii)

Rhinolophidae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammal order Chiroptera. A member of this family is called a rhinolophid, or a horseshoe bat. They are named for the shape of their nose-leaf. They are found in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, primarily in forests, savannas, grasslands, and caves, though some species can also be found in deserts or wetlands. They range in size from the Thai horseshoe bat and little Nepalese horseshoe bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the Maclaud's horseshoe bat, at 10 cm (4 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, rhinolophids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from the Formosan lesser horseshoe bat and little Nepalese horseshoe bat with 3 cm (1 in), to the great woolly horseshoe bat at 8 cm (3 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders.[1] Most rhinolophids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 900 adult individuals to 20,000. Twelve species—the Andaman horseshoe bat, Bornean woolly horseshoe bat, Guinean horseshoe bat, King horseshoe bat, Maclaud's horseshoe bat, Mount Mabu horseshoe bat, Poso horseshoe bat, Ruwenzori horseshoe bat, Timorese horseshoe bat, Willard's horseshoe bat, Yaeyama little horseshoe bat, and Ziama horseshoe bat—are categorized as endangered species, and Hill's horseshoe bat is categorized as critically endangered, collectively making up almost fifteen percent of the species in the family.

The 92 extant species of Rhinolophidae are all included in a single genus, Rhinolophus. A few extinct prehistoric rhinolophid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (12 species)
 VU Vulnerable (5 species)
 NT Near threatened (9 species)
 LC Least concern (50 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (13 species)
 NE Not evaluated (2 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the rhinolophid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

[edit]

The family Rhinolophidae consists of a single genus, Rhinolophus, containing 92 species.

Rhinolophids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Genus Rhinolophus – Lacépède, 1799 – 92 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Acuminate horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. acuminatus
Peters, 1871 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[5] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[5]

Adam's horseshoe bat


R. adami
Aellen & Brosset, 1968 		Republic of the Congo
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[7] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[7]

Andaman horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. cognatus
K. Andersen, 1906 		Andaman Islands
Map of range 		Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[8] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Arcuate horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. arcuatus
Peters, 1871

Two subspecies
  • R. a. arcuatus
  • R. a. exiguus
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[10] 		 DD 


Unknown Population steady[10]

Beddome's horseshoe bat

Black bat

R. beddomei
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southern India and Sri Lanka
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[12] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[12]

Big-eared horseshoe bat


R. macrotis
Blyth, 1844

Five subspecies
  • R. m. caldwelli
  • R. m. episcopus
  • R. m. huananus
  • R. m. macrotis
  • R. m. topali
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[14] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[14]

Blasius's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. blasii
Peters, 1866 		Scattered Africa, southern Europe, and western Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, caves, and desert[15] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Blyth's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. lepidus
Blyth, 1844

Two subspecies
  • R. l. lepidus
  • R. l. refulgens
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[16] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[16]

Bokhara horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. bocharicus
Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917 		Central Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert[17] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[17]

Bornean horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. borneensis
Peters, 1861 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[18] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[18]

Bornean woolly horseshoe bat


R. proconsulis
Hill, 1959 		Borneo Size: Unknown length
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[19] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[19]

Bourret's horseshoe bat


R. paradoxolophus
Bourret, 1951 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[20] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[20]

Broad-eared horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. euryotis
Temminck, 1835 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves and forest[21] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[21]

Bushveld horseshoe bat


R. simulator
K. Andersen, 1904

Two subspecies
  • R. s. alticolus
  • R. s. simulator
Eastern and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 3–7 cm (1–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[22] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Canut's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. canuti
Thomas & Wroughton, 1909

Two subspecies
  • R. c. canuti
  • R. c. timoriensis
Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[23] 		 VU 


7,500–9,999 Population declining[23]

Cape horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. capensis
Lichtenstein, 1823 		Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[24] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[24]

Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat


R. chiewkweeae
Yoshiyuki & Liat, 2005 		Southeastern Asia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest[25] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[25]

Chinese rufous horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. sinicus
K. Andersen, 1905

Two subspecies
  • R. s. septentrionalis
  • R. s. sinicus
Eastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[26] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[26]

Cohen's horseshoe bat


R. cohenae
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		South Africa Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, rocky areas, and caves[27] 		 VU 


900–1,000 Population declining[27]

Convex horseshoe bat


R. convexus
Csorba, 1997 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[28] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[28]

Creagh's horseshoe bat

Bat bones

R. creaghi
Thomas, 1896

Two subspecies
  • R. c. creaghi
  • R. c. pilosus
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[29] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Croslet horseshoe bat


R. coelophyllus
Peters, 1867 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[30] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[30]

Damara horseshoe bat


R. damarensis
Roberts, 1946 		Southern Africa Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert[31] 		 LC 


20,000 Unknown[31]

Darling's horseshoe bat


R. darlingi
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[32] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[32]

Decken's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. deckenii
Peters, 1867 		Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[33] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[33]

Dent's horseshoe bat


R. denti
Thomas, 1904

Two subspecies
  • R. d. denti
  • R. d. knorri
Southern and western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[34] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Dobson's horseshoe bat


R. yunanensis
Dobson, 1872 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[35] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[35]

Eloquent horseshoe bat

Bat bones

R. eloquens
K. Andersen, 1905

Two subspecies
  • R. e. eloquens
  • R. e. perauritus
Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[36] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

Forest horseshoe bat


R. silvestris
Aellen, 1959 		West-central Africa
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[37] 		 DD 


Unknown Population declining[37]

Formosan lesser horseshoe bat


R. monoceros
Temminck, 1835 		Japan and China Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Formosan woolly horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. formosae
Sanborn, 1939 		Taiwan
Map of range 		Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[38] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[38]

Geoffroy's horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. clivosus
Cretzschmar, 1828

Seven subspecies
  • R. c. acrotis
  • R. c. augur
  • R. c. brachygnathus
  • R. c. clivosus
  • R. c. keniensis
  • R. c. schwarzi
  • R. c. zuluensis
Africa and Arabian peninsula
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, caves, and desert[39] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[39]

Great woolly horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. luctus
Temminck, 1834

Six subspecies
  • R. l. foetidus
  • R. l. lanosus
  • R. l. luctus
  • R. l. morio
  • R. l. perniger
  • R. l. spurcus
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Caves, rocky areas, and forest[40] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[40]

Greater horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. ferrumequinum
(Schreber, 1774)

Seven subspecies
  • R. f. creticum
  • R. f. ferrumequinum
  • R. f. irani
  • R. f. korai
  • R. f. nippon
  • R. f. proximus
  • R. f. tragatus
Europe, Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[41] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Guinean horseshoe bat


R. guineensis
Eisentraut, 1960 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, inland wetlands, and caves[42] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[42]

Halcyon horseshoe bat


R. alcyone
Temminck, 1852 		Western and central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[43] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[43]

Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat


R. hildebrandtii
Peters, 1878 		Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[44] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[44]

Hill's horseshoe bat


R. hilli
Aellen, 1973 		Rwanda
Map of range 		Size: About 6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[45] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[45]

Hills' horseshoe bat


R. hillorum
Koopman, 1989 		Scattered Equatorial Africa
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and caves[46] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Imaizumi's horseshoe bat


R. imaizumii
Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980 		Japan Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: 		 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Indo-Chinese lesser brown horseshoe Bat


R. microglobosus
Csorba and Jenkins, 1998 		Southeastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves and forest[47] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[47]

Insular horseshoe bat


R. keyensis
Peters, 1871

Four subspecies
  • R. k. amiri
  • R. k. keyensis
  • R. k. parvus
  • R. k. simplex
Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[48] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[48]

Intermediate horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. affinis
Horsfield, 1823

Nine subspecies
  • R. a. affinis
  • R. a. andamanensis
  • R. a. hainanus
  • R. a. himalayanus
  • R. a. macrurus
  • R. a. nesites
  • R. a. princes
  • R. a. superans
  • R. a. tener
Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[49] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[49]

King horseshoe bat


R. rex
Allen, 1923 		Eastern China
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[50] 		 EN 


1,500–2,000 Population declining[50]

Lander's horseshoe bat

Black and white picture of bat

R. landeri
Martin, 1837

Three subspecies
  • R. l. angolensis
  • R. l. landeri
  • R. l. lobatus
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[51] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[51]

Large rufous horseshoe bat


R. rufus
Eydoux & Gervais, 1836 		Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[52] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[52]

Large-eared horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. philippinensis
Waterhouse, 1843

Six subspecies
  • R. p. achilles
  • R. p. alleni
  • R. p. maros
  • R. p. philippinensis
  • R. p. robertsi
  • R. p. sanborni
Southeastern Asia and northeastern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and forest[53] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[53]

Least horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. pusillus
Temminck, 1834

Nine subspecies
  • R. p. blythi
  • R. p. calidus
  • R. p. gracilis
  • R. p. lakkhanae
  • R. p. minutillus
  • R. p. pagi
  • R. p. parcus
  • R. p. pusillus
  • R. p. szechwanus
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[54] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[54]

Lesser brown horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. stheno
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[55] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[55]

Lesser horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. hipposideros
(Bechstein, 1800)

Six subspecies
  • R. h. escalerae
  • R. h. hipposideros
  • R. h. majori
  • R. h. midas
  • R. h. minimus
  • R. h. minutus
Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[56] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Lesser woolly horseshoe bat


R. sedulus
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[57] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Little Japanese horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. cornutus
Temminck, 1834

Four subspecies
  • R. c. cornutus
  • R. c. miyakonis
  • R. c. orii
  • R. c. pumilus
Japan and China Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[58] 		 NT 


Unknown Unknown[58]

Little Nepalese horseshoe bat


R. subbadius
Blyth, 1844 		Eastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[59] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[59]

Maclaud's horseshoe bat


R. maclaudi
Pousargues, 1897 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[60] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[60]

Madura horseshoe bat


R. madurensis
K. Andersen, 1918 		Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[61] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Maendeleo horseshoe bat


R. maendeleo
Kock, Csorba, & Howell, 2000 		Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[62] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[62]

Malayan horseshoe bat


R. malayanus
Bonhote, 1903 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[63] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[63]

Marshall's horseshoe bat


R. marshalli
Thonglongya, 1973 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[64] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[64]

McIntyre's horseshoe bat


R. mcintyrei
Hill & Schlitter, 1982 		Papua New Guinea Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[65] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[65]

Mediterranean horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. euryale
Blasius, 1853

Two subspecies
  • R. e. euryale
  • R. e. judaicus
Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[66] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[66]

Mehely's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. mehelyi
Matschie, 1901

Two subspecies
  • R. m. mehelyi
  • R. m. tuneti
Southern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[67] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Mitred horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. mitratus
Blyth, 1844 		Eastern India
Map of range 		Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Unknown[68] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[68]

Mount Mabu horseshoe bat


R. mabuensis
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		Mozambique Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Caves and forest[69] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[69]

Mozambican horseshoe bat

Brown bat head

R. mossambicus
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		Southeastern Africa Size: Unknown length
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[70] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[70]

Neriad horseshoe bat


R. nereis
K. Andersen, 1905 		Siantan Island in Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[71] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[71]

Osgood's horseshoe bat


R. osgoodi
Sanborn, 1939 		Southern China
Map of range 		Size: Unknown length, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves[72] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[72]

Pearson's horseshoe bat

Drawing of bat

R. pearsonii
Horsfield, 1851

Two subspecies
  • R. p. chinensis
  • R. p. pearsonii
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[73] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[73]

Peninsular horseshoe bat


R. robinsoni
K. Andersen, 1918

Three subspecies
  • R. r. klossi
  • R. r. robinsoni
  • R. r. thaianus
Malaysia and Thailand
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Rocky areas and forest[74] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[74]

Philippine forest horseshoe bat


R. inops
K. Andersen, 1905 		Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[75] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[75]

Poso horseshoe bat


R. belligerator
Patrick, McCulloch, & Ruedas, 2013 		Sulawesi Island in Indonesia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Unknown[76] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[76]

Rufous horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. rouxii
Temminck, 1835

Two subspecies
  • R. r. rouxii
  • R. r. rubidus
Southern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[77] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[77]

Ruwenzori horseshoe bat


R. ruwenzorii
Hill, 1942 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[78] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[78]

Rüppell's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. fumigatus
Rüppell, 1842

Six subspecies
  • R. f. abae
  • R. f. aethiops
  • R. f. diversus
  • R. f. exsul
  • R. f. foxi
  • R. f. fumigatus
Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[79] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[79]

Sakeji horseshoe bat


R. sakejiensis
Cotterill, 2002 		Zambia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Savanna[80] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[80]

Shamel's horseshoe bat


R. shameli
Tate, 1943 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[81] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[81]

Shortridge's horseshoe bat


R. shortridgei
K. Andersen, 1918 		Eastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[82] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[82]

Small rufous horseshoe bat


R. subrufus
K. Andersen, 1905

Two subspecies
  • R. s. bunkeri
  • R. s. subrufus
Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[83] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[83]

Smaller horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. megaphyllus
Gray, 1834

Five subspecies
  • R. m. fallax
  • R. m. ignifer
  • R. m. megaphyllus
  • R. m. monachus
  • R. m. vandeuseni
Eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[84] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[84]

Smithers's horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. smithersi
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		Southern Africa Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, inland wetlands, and caves[85] 		 NT 


Unknown Population steady[85]

Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat


R. tatar
Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1982 		Sulawesi Island in Indonesia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[86] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[86]

Sulawesi horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. celebensis
K. Andersen, 1905

Two subspecies
  • R. c. celebensis
  • R. c. javanicus
Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[87] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[87]

Swinny's horseshoe bat


R. swinnyi
Gough, 1908 		Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[88] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[88]

Thai horseshoe bat


R. siamensis
Gyldenstolpe, 1917 		Southesastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[89] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[89]

Thailand horseshoe bat


R. thailandensis
Wu, Harada, & Motokawa, 2009 		Northern Thailand
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[90] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[90]

Thomas's horseshoe bat


R. thomasi
K. Andersen, 1905

Two subspecies
  • R. t. latifolius
  • R. t. thomasi
Southesastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves[91] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[91]

Timorese horseshoe bat


R. montanus
Goodwin, 1979 		East Timor
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and unknown[92] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[92]

Trefoil horseshoe bat

Brown bat

R. trifoliatus
Temminck, 1834

Four subspecies
  • R. t. edax
  • R. t. niasensis
  • R. t. solitarius
  • R. t. trifoliatus
Southesastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[93] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[93]

Wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat


R. xinanzhongguoensis
Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang, & Jiang, 2009 		China Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest[94] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[94]

Willard's horseshoe bat


R. willardi
Peterhans & Fahr, 2013 		Democratic Republic of the Congo Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[95] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[95]

Yaeyama little horseshoe bat


R. perditus
K. Andersen, 1918 		Yaeyama Islands in Japan Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves, inland wetlands, and forest[96] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[96]

Yellow-faced horseshoe bat


R. virgo
K. Andersen, 1905 		Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[97] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[97]

Ziama horseshoe bat


R. ziama
Fahr, Vierhaus, Hütterer, & Kock, 2002 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
About 6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and forest[98] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[98]

References

[edit]
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  52. ^ a b Alviola, P. A.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Tanalgo, K.; Cielo, K. L. S.; Garcia, J. J. L.; Cacho, M. A.; Ong, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L. (2019). "Rhinolophus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19564A21995212. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19564A21995212.en.
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  64. ^ a b Thong, V. D.; Thanh, H. T.; Soisook, P.; Bates, P. J. J.; Csorba, G. (2019). "Rhinolophus marshalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19552A21978274. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19552A21978274.en.
  65. ^ a b Patrick, L.; Ruedas, L. (2017). "Rhinolophus mcintyrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84372245A84372277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84372245A84372277.en.
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  67. ^ a b Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P.; Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19519A21974380. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19519A21974380.en.
  68. ^ a b Csorba, G.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2016). "Rhinolophus mitratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19554A21993304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19554A21993304.en.
  69. ^ a b Taylor, P. (2019). "Rhinolophus mabuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T64588047A64588304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T64588047A64588304.en.
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  71. ^ a b Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Walston, J.; Csorba, G. (2016). "Rhinolophus nereis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19556A21993688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19556A21993688.en.
  72. ^ a b Sun, K. (2020). "Rhinolophus osgoodi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19557A21992735. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19557A21992735.en.
  73. ^ a b Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G.; Mao, X. G. (2019). "Rhinolophus pearsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19559A21993105. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19559A21993105.en.
  74. ^ a b Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Rhinolophus robinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136496A21976144. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136496A21976144.en.
  75. ^ a b Duya, M. R.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, G.; Tanalgo, K.; Cielo, K. L. S.; Garcia, J. J. L.; Cacho, M. A. (2019). "Rhinolophus inops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19545A21978063. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19545A21978063.en.
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  80. ^ a b Cotterill, F. P. D. (2019). "Rhinolophus sakejiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T44785A22068998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44785A22068998.en.
  81. ^ a b Furey, N.; Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Walston, J.; Thong, V. D. (2020). "Rhinolophus shameli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19566A21993823. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19566A21993823.en.
  82. ^ a b Sun, K. (2020). "Rhinolophus shortridgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136631A21987430. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136631A21987430.en.
  83. ^ a b Ong, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, D.; Balete, M.; Duya, K. (2016). "Rhinolophus subrufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19571A21992005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19571A21992005.en.
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  85. ^ a b Taylor, P. (2017). "Rhinolophus smithersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T64588371A64589277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T64588371A64589277.en.
  86. ^ a b Patrick, L.; Ruedas, L. (2017). "Rhinolophus tatar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84372447A84372450. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84372447A84372450.en.
  87. ^ a b Bouillard, N.; Hutson, A. M.; Suyanto, A.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Rhinolophus celebensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19530A21980994. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T19530A21980994.en.
  88. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Rhinolophus swinnyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19572A21992092. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19572A21992092.en.
  89. ^ a b Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Csorba, G. (2019). "Rhinolophus siamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136651A21990143. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136651A21990143.en.
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  93. ^ a b Huang, J. C. -C. (2020). "Rhinolophus trifoliatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19574A21990821. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19574A21990821.en.
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Sources

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