User:Randzeo/sandbox

Annotated Bibliography

• Kennedy, Brandy. 2011. “Representative Bureaucracy through the Rear View Mirror: A Survey of the Literature.” Conference Papers--Southern Political Science Association 1-45. Political Science Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October 15, 2015)

This survey is trying to define and measure the idea of representative bureaucracy. It uses a database that analyzes 89 different works with a number of variables used to define and measure representative bureaucracy. The piece covers how different organizations are demographically represented. It suggests demographics affect political outcomes? It covers different definitions and measurements of representative bureaucracy. It looks skeptically at viewing representative bureaucracy in the context of race, gender, street level, and executive bureaucrats, saying that the study should be expanded to include a variety of levels, organizations and characteristics. This piece is useful for our purposes as it gives a definition and a measure for representative bureaucracy. The piece is also useful for us because it talks about active and passive bureaucratic representation and those are both sections in the main article that need expanding on.

• Riccucci, N. M., Van Ryzin, G. C., & Lavena, C. F. (2014). Representative Bureaucracy in Policing: Does It Increase Perceived Legitimacy?. Journal Of Public Administration Research & Theory, 24(3), 537-551. doi:10.1093/jopart/muu006

This article for Rutgers takes the theory of symbolic representation and examines how gender affects the perceived job performance of police departments domestic violence units. It says symbolic representativeness of the police does influence how individuals view a law enforcement agency, and by extension affects how cooperative individuals act with the agency. It is a relevant piece for use in talking about representative bureaucracy because it gives insight into public perception of agencies.

• Kennedy, B. A. (2013). Sorting Through: The Role of Representation in Bureaucracy. Journal Of Public Administration Research & Theory, 23(4), 791-816.

Points out that the study of representative bureaucracy has a flaw, that being an over reliance on quantitative analysis.The paper states that lots of data from education is used in studying the subject, however the findings may not be representative of other areas of policy. The piece seems useful,it identifies four models of representation, none of which are on the wikipedia page.

• Meier, K. J., & Smith, K. B. (1994). Representative Democracy and Representative Bureaucracy: Examining the Top-Down and Bottom-Up Linkages. Social Science Quarterly (University Of Texas Press), 75(4), 790-803.

Examines relationship between representative bureaucracy and representative democracy. States bureaucracy is important in securing political success for minorities. This piece is useful for us as it talks about how minorities in a bureaucracy come to be represented. These are more sections that are not already covered in the main article.

• Kropf, M., Vercellotti, T., & Kimball, D. C. (2013). Representative Bureaucracy and Partisanship: The Implementation of Election Law. Public Administration Review, 73(2), 242-252.

Looks at representative bureaucracy in regards to partisanship of local administrators. Finds party affiliation results in manipulation of election procedures. The work questions whether or not representative bureaucracy concerning political partisanship is always a desirable outcome. This piece useful for our purposes as it analyzes partisanship in a bureaucracy.