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While there is good evidence for the efficacy of opioid rotation as a treatment approach in general, there is less evidence for what particular opioid analgesics are most suitable, and in practice the choice of opioid drugs used depends on many factors such as patient characteristics, prescriber preferences and safety. One issue with opioid rotation is that an opioid therapy failure poorly predicts whether other opioids would be effective. In certain situations, multiple switches may be required before pain therapy is optimized.[1] In addition, recent studies explore which opioid drugs are most effective in implementing in an opioid rotation, but have so far found no difference in efficacy between opioid drugs like methadone and fentanyl in cancer patients. [2]


Diversion of prescribed opioid drugs for illicit recreational use is also a particular concern in this field, as the drugs which are most effective for relieving suffering in palliative care also tend to be those most sought after by drug abusers. The choice of what opioid drug to use in which patient thus tends to be a balance between many different factors that must be considered, and the need for opioid rotation in chronic pain patients makes it advantageous for a wide range of different opioid drugs to be available, even though they may be broadly equivalent in action when used in shorter term treatment. Additionally, newer studies may explore which patient populations can benefit the most from opioid rotation and which populations can have their pain managed by other means.

  1. ^ Fine, Perry G, and Russell K Portenoy. “Strategies for Opioid Rotation: Decision Support in Chronic Pain Management.” Medscape, Medscape, 30 Mar. 2010, www.medscape.org/viewarticle/717832.
  2. ^ hvan den Beuken-van Everdingen Marieke H.J., van Kuijk Sander M.J., and Joosten Elbert A.. Journal of Palliative Medicine. July 2017, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2017.0301