User:Rev-san/Subpages/List of Central and Eastern European computer systems

After World War II, large parts of Europe came under the direct or indirect influence of the Soviet Union, with countries establishing socialist states and generally aligning themselves with the Union, becoming the Eastern Bloc. The political and economic division of the continent caused by the Iron Curtain and the CoCom embargoes caused these countries to develop their electronic and computer industries separately from those of the Western Bloc. For clarity, this article's scope is limited to the computer systems of countries who are or were members of the United Nations' Eastern European Group (EEG), irrespective of their attitude towards the Soviet Union or their Comecon membership, and to the time period between the end of World War II in Europe (May 8, 1945) and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia (December 31, 1992). Included are items where development, manufacturing or life cycle expanded outside of these limits.

The current or former countries involved are the following:

Albania (the former People's Socialist Republic of Albania)
Bulgaria (the former People's Republic of Bulgaria)
Czechoslovakia (the former Czechoslovak Republic/Czechoslovak Socialist Republic)
East Germany (the former German Democratic Republic – GDR)
Hungary (the former Hungarian People's Republic)
Poland (the former Polish People's Republic)
Romania (the former Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania)
the Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – USSR) and all former USSR member states up until December 31, 1992, including, but not limited to:
- Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Russia, Ukraine
Yugoslavia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – SFRY) and all former SFRY member states up until December 31, 1992:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia

^[1]^[2] ^[a]^[b]

List[edit]

5Exx series (5E51, 5E53, 5E76, 5E92, 5E92b)
A series
Agat (Apple II clone)
Araks
Aragats
Argon-11S
AS-6
ASVT
ATE-80
ATM Turbo
BESM series (BESM-1, BESM-2, BESM-2M, BESM-3, BESM-3M, BESM-4, BESM-6)
Besta
Dnepr (aka UMShN)
Dnepr-1
Dnepr-2
Dubna 48K
DVK series
Elbrus series
Elektronika 60
Elektronika 85 (Elektronika 85.1)
Elektronika 100
Elektronika BK-0010 (Elektronika BK-0011)
Elektronika D3-28
Elektronika SS BIS
ERA
EV-80-3
GVS-100
Hobbit
Irisha
Iskra-1030
Juku
Kiev
Kiev-67
Korvet
Krista
Kronos
KVM-1
LEM-1 (LEM-1, LEM-1-16, LEM-1-24)
M series / M-1 subseries (M-1, M-2, M-3)
M series / M-20 subseries (M-20, M-22, M-50, M-180, M-220, M-222)
M series / M-1000 subseries (M-1000, M-2000, M-3000)
MESM
Mikro-80
Mikrosha
Minsk series (Minsk-1, Minsk-2, Minsk-22, Minsk-23, Minsk-32) | MPOVT
Mir
Mir-1
Mir-2
Myamlin
Nairi (Nairi-1, Nairi-2, Nairi-3)
Orion-128
Pentagon
PKSO series
Poisk
Prizma
Promin (Promin (Promin-1), Promin-M (Promin-2))
PS-2000
PS-3000
Radio-86RK
Radon (Radon Z)
Razdan series (Razdan-1, Razdan-2, Razdan-3)
Ruta (Ruta-110, Ruta-110D)
Saratov (PDP-8 clone)
SESM
Setun
Skorpion
Sneg
Spetsialist
Strela (Strela, Strela-3)
SVS
TIA-MTs-1 (aka TIA-MC-1)
TsUM-1 (aka CUM-1)
UKNTs (aka UKNC)
UM-1-NKh
Ural series (Ural-1, Ural-2, Ural-3, Ural-4, Ural-10, Ural-11, Ural-14, Ural-14D, Ural-16)
UT-88
Vektor-06C
Vesna
VNIIEM (VNIIEM-1, VNIIEM-3)
Yerevan

East Germany | Carl Zeiss | OPREMA | 1954
East Germany | Carl Zeiss | ZRA 1 | 1956
East Germany | Robotron | R 100 | 1963
East Germany | Robotron | R 32 | ???
Poland | ??? | PRL | 1960
Poland | ??? | ODRA 1001 | 1960
Poland | ??? | ODRA 1203 | 1963
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | CER-10 | 1960
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | CER-20 | ???
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | CER-22 | 1967
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | HRS-100 | 1971
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | TIM-100 | 1985
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | TIM-600 | 1988
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | TIM-011 | ???
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | TIM-40M | 1992
Yugoslavia | Mihajlo Pupin Institute | ATLAS-TIM AT 32 | 1992
Yugoslavia | Iskra Delta | 800 | ???
Yugoslavia | Iskra Delta | Partner | ???
Yugoslavia | EI | Pecom 32 | ???
Yugoslavia | EI | Pecom 64 | ???
Yugoslavia | Ivo Lola Ribar Institute | Lola 8
Yugoslavia | ??? | Galaksija | ???
Yugoslavia | ??? | Galeb 101 | ???
Yugoslavia | ??? | Orao | ???
Yugoslavia | ??? | Lira XT | ???
Bulgaria | IZOT [ИЗОТ] | ZIT-151 [ЗИТ-151] (Facom-230–30 license, 1967)
Bulgaria | IZOT | ES-1035B
Bulgaria | IZOT | ES-2138

Designers and manufacturers[edit]

Supervising ministries[edit]

Ministry of Radio Industry or Minradioprom
(Министерство радиопромышленности, Ministerstvo radiopromyshlennosti)
Ministry of Instrumentation, Automation and Control Systems or Minpribor
(Министерство приборостроения средств автоматизации и систем управления, Ministerstvo priborostroyeniya sredstv avtomatizatsii i sistem upravleniya)
Ministry of the Electronics Industry or Minelektronprom
(Министерство электронной промышленности, Ministerstvo elektronnoy promyshlennosti)

Tables[edit]


Name in English and aliases	Domestic name and abbreviation	City	Country, region	Supervising ministry
Calculating and Analytical Machine Factory of Moscow Named After V. D. Kalmykov / SAM, Kalmykov Plant, Moscow Plant	Московский завод счётно-аналитических машин имени В. Д. Калмыкова (САМ) / Moskovskiy zavod schotno-analiticheskikh mashin imeni V. D. Kalmykova (SAM)	Moscow	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Moscow Oblast	Minradioprom
Calculating Machine Factory of Kishinev / Kishinev Plant	/	Kishinev (Chișinău)	Soviet Union, Moldavian SSR	Minpribor
Calculating Machine Factory of Kursk / Kursk Plant	/	Kursk	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Kursk Oblast	Minpribor
Calculating Machine Factory of Smolensk / Smolensk Plant	/	Smolensk	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Smolensk Oblast	Minpribor
Calculating Machine Parts Factory of Tauragė / Tauragė Plant	Tauragės skaičiavimo mašinų elementų gamykla	Tauragė	Soviet Union, Lithuanian SSR	Minpribor
Computer Graphics Factory of Livny / Livny Plant	Ливенский завод средств машинной графики / Livenskiy zavod sredstv mashinnoy grafiki	Livny	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Oryol Oblast	Minpribor
Computing Machine Factory of Oryol / Oryol Plant	/	Oryol	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Oryol Oblast	Minpribor
Computing Machinery Production Association of Minsk / MPOVT, Minsk Plant	Минское производственное объединение вычислительной техники (МПОВТ) / Minskoye proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye vychislitelnoy tekhniki (MPOVT)	Minsk	Soviet Union, Byelorussian SSR	Minradioprom
Control Computer Factory of Tbilisi / Tbilisi Plant	/	Tbilisi	Soviet Union, Georgian SSR	Minpribor
Eksiton Factory / Eksiton, Exciton, Pavlovsky Posad Plant	Завод «Экситон» / Zavod "Eksiton"	Pavlovsky Posad	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Moscow Oblast	Minelektronprom
Electrical Machine Factory of Leningrad / Leningrad Plant	Ленинградский электромашиностроительный завод / Leningradskiy elektromashinostroitelnyy zavod	Leningrad (Saint Petersburg)	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Leningrad Oblast	Minpribor
Electronic Computing Machine Factory of Kazan / KZEVM, Kazan Plant	Казанский завод электронно-вычислительных машин (КЗЭВМ) / Kazanskiy zavod elektronno-vychislitelnykh mashin (KZEVM)	Kazan	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Tatar ASSR	Minradioprom
Electronic Computing Machine Factory of Penza / VEM, Penza Plant	Завод вычислительных электронных машин (ВЭМ) / Zavod vychislitelnykh elektronnykh mashin (VEM)	Penza	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Penza Oblast	Minradioprom
Elektromekhanika Production Association / Elektromekhanika, Electromechanica, Penza Plant	Производственное объединение «Электромеханика» (ПО «Электромеханика») / Proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye "Elektromekhanika" (PO "Elektromekhanika")	Penza	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Penza Oblast	na.
Elektron Production Association / Elektron, Electron, Yerevan Plant	Производственное объединение «Электрон» (ПО «Электрон») / Proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye "Elektron" (PO "Elektron")	Yerevan	Soviet Union, Armenian SSR	Minradioprom
Elektronika Research and Production Association / Elektronika, Electronica, Voronezh Plant	Научно-производственное объединение «Электроника» (НПО «Электроника») / Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye "Elektronika" (NPO "Elektronika")	Voronezh	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Voronezh Oblast	Minelektronprom
Elektronmash Research and Production Association of Kiev (Computing and Control Machine Factory of Kiev) / Elektronmash, Electronmash, VUM, Kiev Plant, Lenin Plant	Научно-производственное объединение «Электронмаш» имени В. И. Ленина (НПО «Электронмаш») / Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye "Elektronmash" imeni V. I. Lenina (NPO "Elektronmash") Киевский завод вычислительных и управляющих машин (ВУМ) / Kiyevskiy zavod vychislitelnykh i upravlyayushchikh mashin (VUM)	Kiev	Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR	Minpribor
Elektronmash Research and Production Association of Moscow / Elektronmash, Electronmash	Научно-производственное объединение «Электронмаш» (НПО «Электронмаш») / Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye "Elektronmash" (NPO "Elektronmash")	Moscow	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Moscow Oblast	Minpribor
Impuls Research and Production Association / Impuls, Severodonetsk Plant	Северодонецкое научно-производственное объединение «Импульс» (НПО «Импульс») / Severodonetskoye nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye «Impuls» (NPO "Impuls")	Severodonetsk	Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR	Minpribor
Kiev Institute of Electrotechnology /	/	Kiev	Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR	na.
Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering /	/	Moscow	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Moscow Oblast	na.
Lenin Computing Machine Factory of Vilnius / Lenin Plant, Vilnius Plant	/	Vilnius	Soviet Union, Lithuanian SSR	Minpribor
Order of Lenin Calculating and Analytical Machine Factory of Ryazan / Order of Lenin Plant, Ryazan Plant	/	Ryazan	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Ryazan Oblast	Minpribor
Radiopribor Factory / Radiopribor	Завод «Радиоприбор» / Zavod "Radiopribor"	Kiev	Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR	na.
Scientific Center Research and Production Association / Scientific Center, NTs, Zelenograd Complex	Научно-производственное объединение «Научный центр» (НПО «Научный центр») / Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye "Nauchnyy tsentr" (NPO "Nauchnyy tsentr")	Zelenograd	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Moscow Oblast	Minelektronprom
Sigma Computing Machine Factory of Vilnius / Sigma, Vilnius Plant	/	Vilnius	Soviet Union, Lithuanian SSR	Minpribor
Svetlana Electronic Instrumentation Association of Leningrad / Svetlana, LOEP, Leningrad Plant	Ленинградское объединение электронного приборостроения «Светлана» (ЛОЭП) / Leningradskoye obyedineniye elektronnogo priborostroyeniya "Svetlana" (LOEP)	Leningrad (Saint Petersburg)	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Leningrad Oblast	Minelektronprom
Temp Radio Factory of Moscow / Temp, Radiozavod	Московский радиозавод «Темп» / Moskovskiy radiozavod "Temp"	Moscow	Soviet Union, Russian SFSR, Moscow Oblast	Minradioprom
Terminal Factory of Vinnytsia / Terminal, Vinnytsia Plant	Завод «Терминал» / Zavod "Terminal"	Vinnytsia	Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR	Minpribor
Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute /	/	Yerevan	Soviet Union, Armenian SSR	na.

The Soviet Union's central coordination efforts[edit]

ES EVM scheme[edit]

The Comecon's Unified System of Computers (ES EVM) project divided mainframe computers (and later, array and supercomputers), parts and peripherals into the following ranges:

ES 1xxx – complete computer systems
ES 2xxx – central processing units
ES 3xxx – memory devices
ES 4xxx – byte-multiplexor and selector channels (also known as I/O processors)
ES 5xxx – magnetic storage devices and related controllers
ES 6xxx – punched card and punched tape reader devices
ES 7xxx – display and other output devices (such as line printers)
ES 8xxx – terminal and telecontrol/telemetry devices

Comecon ES EVM (Unified System of Computers) – 1xxx entries
Series ("Ryad")	ES EVM designation	Domestic designation	Production years	Production numbers	Designer	Manufacturer	Country of origin	Compatible with	Notes
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1010^[2]	na.	1973–?^[2]	na.	na.	Videoton (VT)	Hungary^[2]	CII Mitra 15	based on a CII Mitra 15 license
Ryad 1	ES 1010M	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1011^[2]	na.	1981–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Hungary^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1012^[2]	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	Hungary^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1020^[2]	na.	1973–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union/Bulgaria^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1021^[2]	na.	1973–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Czechoslovakia^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1022^[2]	na.	1975–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union/Bulgaria^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1030^[2]	na.	1973–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union/Poland^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1032^[2]	na.	1975–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Poland^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1033^[2]	na.	1977–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1040^[2]	na.	1973–?^[2]	na.	na.	Robotron	East Germany^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1050^[2]	na.	1975–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 1^[2]	ES 1052^[2]	na.	1980–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1015^[2]	na.	1983–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Hungary^[2]	na.
?	ES 1016	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1025^[2]	na.	1981–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Czechoslovakia^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1026^[2]	na.	1983–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Czechoslovakia^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1035^[2]	na.	1981–?^[2]	na.	na.	IZOT	Soviet Union/Bulgaria^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1036^[2]	na.	1984–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1045^[2]	na.	1981–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union/Poland^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1046^[2]	na.	1985–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1055^[2]	na.	1979–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	East Germany^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1055M^[2]	na.	1981–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	East Germany^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1056^[2]	na.	1986–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	East Germany^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1060^[2]	na.	1979–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1061^[2]	na.	1984–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 2^[2]	ES 1065^[2]	na.	1983–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 3	ES 1007	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1017^[2]	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	Hungary^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1027^[2]	na.	1985–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Czechoslovakia^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1037^[2]	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union/Bulgaria^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1057^[2]	na.	1988–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	East Germany^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1066^[2]	na.	1986–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1067^[2]	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1068^[2]	na.	1988–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1077^[2]	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 3^[2]	ES 1087^[2]	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.
Ryad 4	ES 1130	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.
Ryad 4	ES 1181	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.	na.
Ryad 4	ES 1220	na.	1995–?	20 units	na.	na.	na.	na.
?	ES 1766^[2]	na.	1987?–?^[2]	na.	na.	na.	Soviet Union^[2]	na.

SM EVM scheme[edit]

ES PEVM scheme[edit]

Mainframe computers[edit]

Minicomputers[edit]

Microcomputers[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ Some note.
^ Another note.

References[edit]

^ Davis, N. C.; Goodman, Seymour E. (June 1978). "The Soviet Bloc's Unified System of Computers". ACM Computing Surveys. 10 (2). Association for Computing Machinery: 93–122. doi:10.1145/356725.356728. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed Office of Scientific and Weapons Research (June 1989). Soviet Bloc Computers: Direct Descendants of Western Technology (SW 89-10023X) (Report). CIA Directorate of Intelligence. Retrieved 2022-08-01.

[Note_01-3] Some note.

[Note_02-4] Another note.

[Goodman_1978-1] Davis, N. C.; Goodman, Seymour E. (June 1978). "The Soviet Bloc's Unified System of Computers". ACM Computing Surveys. 10 (2). Association for Computing Machinery: 93–122. doi:10.1145/356725.356728. Retrieved 2022-08-01.

[OSWR_1989-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed Office of Scientific and Weapons Research (June 1989). Soviet Bloc Computers: Direct Descendants of Western Technology (SW 89-10023X) (Report). CIA Directorate of Intelligence. Retrieved 2022-08-01.

[1]

[2]

[a]

[b]