Jump to content

User:Rincewind42/sandbox/Palaeontology in China

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'Palaeontology in China refers to Palaeontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the People's Republic of China.

Formations

[edit]
Site Province Age
Chaomidianzi Formation Liaoning Lower Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
Dabeigou Formation Hebei Cretaceous
Daohugou Beds Hebei, Liaoning Jurassic or Cretaceous
Dashanpu Formation Sichuan Middle Jurassic
Dashuigou Formation Inner Mongolia Lower Cretaceous
Ejinhoro Formation Inner Mongolia Lower Cretaceous
Fangou Formation Paleocene
Huadian Formation Jilin Eocene
Iren Dabasu Formation Inner Mongolia Upper Cretaceous
Jiufotang Formation Liaoning Lower Cretaceous
Lufeng Formation Yunnan Jurassic
Luoping[1] Yunnan Middle Triassic
Maotianshan Shales Chengjiang County, Yunnan Cambrian
Minhe Formation Gansu, Inner Mongolia Cretaceous
Shishugou Formation Xinjiang Upper Jurassic
Tiaojishan Formation Hebei, Liaoning Middle Jurassic
Tuchengzi Formation Hebei, Liaoning Lower Cretaceous
Tugulu Group Xinjiang Lower Cretaceous
Ulansuhai Formation Inner Mongolia Lower Cretaceous
Wucaiwan Formation Xinjiang Middle Jurassic
Xiagou Formation Gansu Cretaceous
Xinminbao Group (Chijinbao, Digou and Zhonggou formations) Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai Lower Cretaceous
Xiushan Formation Guizhou Lower Silurian (Llandovery)
Yixian Formation Liaoning Lower Cretaceous
Yuliangze Formation Heilongjiang Upper Cretaceous
Zhongming Formation Devonian
Zhoukoudian Beijing Pleistocene

Palaeobiota

[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Fauna

[edit]

Amphibians

[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes

Callobatrachus

C. sanyanensis

Lujiatun Bed

A disc-tongued frog

Liaobatrachus

L. grabaui

Jianshangou Bed

A spadefoot toad

Liaoxitriton

L. zhongjiani

A salamander related to the earlier L. daohugouensis of the Daohugou Beds.

Mesophryne

M. beipiaoensis

Lujiatun Bed

A frog with no known living relatives.

Fish

[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Hybodontoidea indet.

Family, genus and species indeterminate

A shark known from a single dorsal fin spine[2]

Lycoptera

L. davidi

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds

Also present in the Jiufotang Formation & Huajiying Formation

An osteoglossiform

Lycoptera davidi
Protosephurus
Sinamia

L. muroii

Jingangshan Bed

L. sinensis

Jianshangou Bed

Mesomyzon

M. mengae

A lamprey

Peipiaosteus

P. pani

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Bed

Also present in the Jiufotang Formation

A peipiaosteid fish related to sturgeons

Protosephurus

P. liui

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Also present in the Jiufotang & Huajiying Formations

A paddlefish

Sinamia

S. zdanskyi

Jianshangou Bed

A Bowfin

Yanosteus

Y. longidorsalis

Also present in the Huajiying Formation

A peipiaosteid

Mammals

[edit]

The mammals listed below were compiled in a survey by Meng and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[3]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Acristatherium

A. yanensis[4]

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A eutherian
Repenomamus robustus
Sinodelphys
Zhangheotherium

Akidolestes

A. cifellii

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A symmetrodont

Chaoyangodens[5]

C. lii

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An eutriconodont

Eomaia

E. scansoria

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A stem therian

Gobiconodon

G. zofiae

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont

G. luoianus [6]

A gobiconodont

Jeholodens

J. jenkinsi

Chaoyang

Jianshangou Bed

A eutriconodont

Juchilestes[7]

J. liaoningensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

An amphidontid

Maotherium

M. sinensis

Chaoyang

Jianshangou Bed

A symmetrodont

M. asiaticus[8]

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A symmetrodont

Meemannodon

M. lujiatunensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont

Repenomamus

R. giganticus

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont

R. robustus

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont, which ate small dinosaurs

Sinobaatar

S. lingyuanensis

Lingyuan

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds

A multituberculate

Sinodelphys

S. szalayi

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A metatherian

Yanoconodon[9]

Y. allini[9]

Fengning[9]

A eutricondodont

Zhangheotherium

Z. quinquecuspidens

Chaoyang

Jianshangou Bed

A symmetrodont

Pterosaurs

[edit]

The pterosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and Zhou in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[10]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Beipiaopterus

B. chenianus

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid
Haopterus
Ningchengopterus

Boreopterus

B. cuiae

Jianshangou Bed

A boreopterid

Cathayopterus

C. grabaui

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A ctenochasmatid

Dendrorhynchoides

D. curvidentatus

Jianshangou Bed

An anurognathid

Elanodactylus[11]

E. prolatus

Jianshangou Bed[12]

A ctenochasmatid

Eosipterus

E. yangi

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid

Feilongus

F. youngi

Jianshangou Bed

A boreopterid

Gegepterus[13]

G. changae[12]

Jianshangou Bed[12]

A ctenochasmatid

Gladocephaloideus[14]

G. jingangshanensis

Jingangshan Bed

A gallodactylid

Haopterus

H. gracilis

Jianshangou Bed

An ornithocheirid

Moganopterus

M. zhuiana

Lujiatun bed?

A ctenochasmatoid

Ningchengopterus

N. liuae

Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed

A pterodactyloid[15]

Pterofiltrus

P. qiui

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid[12]

Zhenyuanopterus

Z. longirostris

Jianshangou Bed

A boreopterid[16]

Misc reptiles

[edit]
Choristoderans
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Hyphalosaurus

H. lingyuanensis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Hyphalosaurus

H. baitaigouensis

Jingangshan Bed

Thousands of specimens

Monjurosuchus

M. splendens

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Sinohydrosaurus

S. lingyuanensis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Junior synonym of Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis

Lizards
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Dalinghosaurus

D. longidigitus

Jianshangou Bed

A lizard related to shinisaurs
Dalinghosaurus

Liushusaurus

L. acanthocaudata[17]

Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed

A lizard related to geckos and skinks

Xianglong

X. zhaoi

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A gliding lizard

Yabeinosaurus

Y. tenuis

Dawangzhangzi & Jingangshan Beds

A lizard related to geckos and skinks
Turtles
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Manchurochelys

M. liaoxiensis[18]

Jianshangou Bed

Reclassified as Ordosemys liaoxiensis[19]

Ordosemys

M. manchoukuoensis[20]

Jingangshan Bed

Ordosemys

O. liaoxiensis[19]

Jianshangou Bed

Ornithischians

[edit]

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[21]

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Bolong

B. yixianensis

An ornithopod

Jinzhousaurus
Psittacosaurus

Jeholosaurus

J. shangyuanensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"Skull with associated vertebrae and hindlimb, skull with cervical vertebrae."[22]

An ornithopod

Jinzhousaurus

J. yangi

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

"Nearly complete skull and skeleton."[23]

An ornithopod

Liaoceratops

L. yanzigouensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"[Two] nearly complete skulls, juvenile to adult."[24]

A ceratopsian

Liaoningosaurus

L. paradoxus

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

"Partial skull [and] skeleton."[25]

A small ankylosaur

Psittacosaurus

P. lujiatunensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds

Thousands of specimens in the Lujiatun Bed, somewhat less common in the Jianshangou Bed

A ceratopsian

Saurischians

[edit]

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[21]

Avialans
[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Archaeorhynchus

A. spathula

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An early, advanced short-tailed bird (ornithuran)[26]

Changchengornis
Confuciusornis
Eoenantiornis
Liaoxiornis
Shanweiniao

Bohaiornis[27]

B. guoi

Jianshangou Bed?

Well-preserved skeleton

An enantiornithine

Changchengornis[28]

C. hengdaoziensis[28]

Jianshangou Bed

"Nearly complete skeleton."[28]

A confuciusornithid

Confuciusornis

C. chuonzhous

Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus[20]

C. dui[29]

Jianshangou Bed

"[Two] skeletons."[29]

C. feducciai[30]

Jianshangou Bed

C. sanctus[29]

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds

"Hundreds of complete skeletons."[29]

A primitive short-tailed bird (pygostylian), also present in the Jiufotang Formation

C. suniae

Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus[20]

Eoenantiornis

E. buhleri

Jianshangou Bed

"Nearly complete skeleton."[31]

An entantiornithine

Dalingheornis

D. liweii

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An entantiornithine[32]

Jeholornis

J. prima

Only definitively present in the Jiufotang Formation, though Jixiangornis orientalis is sometimes synonymized with J. prima.[33]

Jinzhouornis

J. yixianensis

Jianshangou Bed

A pygostylian, possibly a junior synonym of Confuciusornis[34]

J. zhangjiyingia

Jianshangou Bed

Possible synonym of J. yixianensis

Jixiangornis

J. orientalis

Jianshangou Bed

A basal avialan, also present in the Jiufotang Formation[35]

Hongshanornis

H. longicresta

4 specimens[36]

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds[36]

An ornithuromorph[37]

Jibeinia

J. luahera

Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.[38]

Liaoningornis

L. longidigitris

Jianshangou Bed

"Partial skeleton."[39]

An enantiornithine.[40]

Liaoxiornis

L. delicatus

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Considered a nomen dubium because the name is based on remains of a hatchling entantiornithine and cannot be confidently matched with the adult form.[41]

Lingyuanornis

L. parvus

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Junior objective synonym of Liaoxiornis delicatus, a nomen dubium.[41]

Longicrusavis

L. houi

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An ornithuromorph[37]

Longirostravis

L. hani

bed unknown

An enantiornithine

Protopteryx

P. fengningensis

Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.[38]

Shanweiniao

S. cooperorum

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An entantiornithine, the only one known with a fan tail as in modern birds.[42]

Vescornis

V. hebeiensis

Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.[38]

Zhongornis

Z. haoae

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A primitive avialan with a short but non-pygostylian tail[43]

Deinonychosaurs
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Graciliraptor

G. lujiatunensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

Rare

A dromaeosaurid

Sinornithosaurus
Unnamed dromaeosaurid (NGMC 91)

Mei

M. long

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A small troodontid fossilized in a sleeping position

Microraptor

M. gui

From the Jiufotang Formation, erroneously listed as Yixian in Weishampel et al. 2004.[44]

Sinornithosaurus

S. haoiana

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A dromaeosaurid, the first ever found with feather impressions

S. millenii

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

Three specimens with skulls and postcrania, two with preserved feathers.[44] Feathered integument is also preserved.[44][45]

Sinovenator

S. changii

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

Three specimens with partial skulls and postcrania.[46][47] Hundreds of additional specimens known but undescribed.

A troodontid

Sinucerasaurus

S. magnodens

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

Junior synonym of Sinusonasus magnodens

Sinusonasus

S. magnodens

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A troodontid

Tianyuraptor

T. ostromi

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A dromaeosaurid

Undescribed deinonychosaur/possible troodontid

Dawangzhangzi Bed

One specimen with feather imprints

A possible troodontid.[48]

Undescribed troodontid

Specimen CAGS-IG01-004

Lujiatun Bed

Skull and partial skeleton

A troodontid similar to Mei.[49]

Unnamed dromaeosaurid

Specimen NGMC 91

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Complete specimen with feather imprints

Once tentatively referred to both Sinornithosaurus and Cryptovolans, it is probably a new genus closely related to Microraptor.[50] Informally nicknamed "Dave"

Other theropods
[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Beipiaosaurus

B. inexpectus

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

"Incomplete skeleton with integument."[51]

A therizinosaur

Beipiaosaurus
Caudipteryx
Huaxiagnathus
Sinocalliopteryx
Sinosauropteryx

Caudipteryx

C. dongi

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

"[One] partial postcranium with feather imprints."[52]

Oviraptorosaurs

C. zoui

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

Common, only over a small region

C. sp.[53]

Dilong

D. paradoxus

Beipiao

Lujiatun & Jianshangou Bed

Rare

A tyrannosauroid

Grallator

lower Jianshangou Bed

Footprints belonging to the Grallator form taxon, belonging to a small theropod. Of known Yixian theropods, the footprints most closely match Caudipteryx.[54]

Hexing

H. qingyi

A primitive ornithomimosaur[55]

Huaxiagnathus

H. orientalis

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

A compsognathid

Incisivosaurus

I. gauthieri

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"[One] skull [and a] partial cervical."[52]

An oviraptorosaur

Ningyuansaurus

N. wangi

Complete skeleton with feather impressions.[56]

An oviraptorosaur

Protarchaeopteryx

P. robusta

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

"Nearly complete skull and skeleton, at least [two] individuals."[57]

A possible relative of Incisivosaurus

Raptorex

R. kriegsteini

A tyrannosaurid, probably from higher Mongolian strata.

Scansoriopteryx

S. heilmanni

Initially reported from the Dawangzhangzi Bed, probably from the Daohugou Beds instead.[58]

Shenzhousaurus

S. orientalis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"Articulated skull and incomplete skeleton."[59]

A primitive ornithomimosaur

Similicaudipteryx

S. yixianensis

Two specimens

An oviraptorosaur, also present in the Jiufotang Formation[60]

Sinocalliopteryx

S. gigas

Jianshangou Bed

A large compsognathid

Sinosauropteryx

S. prima

Beipiao & Lingyuan

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds

Four nearly complete specimens[61][62]

The first non-avian dinosaur found with feather impressions, a compsognathid

S.? sp.

Jianshangou Bed

One specimen (GMV 2124) with partial skull, postcrania, and preserved feathers

An unnamed coelurosaur originally described as a specimen of Sinosauropteryx, later found to be a new genus and species.[63]

Yixianosaurus

Y. longimanus

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A basal maniraptoran

Yutyrannus

Y. huali

Unknown

Three nearly complete skeletons of various ages

A large tyrannosauroid[64]

Unnamed theropod

Not yet described

Yixian

Lujiatun Bed

Partial post-cranial skeleton[65]

A possible carnosaur[66]

Sauropods
[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Dongbeititan

D. dongi

Jianshangou Bed

Partial postcrania[67]

A basal titanosauriform

cf. Euhelopus

cf. E. sp.

Lujiatun Bed

Isolated teeth[68]

A basal titanosauriform

Sauropoda spp.

Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds

Isolated vertebrae and teeth[21]

One or more species of sauropods, possibly titanosaurs, have been recovered from the Yixian Formation, though most remain undescribed[68]

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation

[edit]

The invertebrate species listed below follow a survey by Chen and colleagues published in 2005, unless otherwise noted.[18]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Arachnids
[edit]

The arachnid species listed below follow a catalogue compiled by Dunlop, Penney and Jekel in 2010, unless otherwise noted.[69]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

?Araneus

A.? aethus

Orb-weaver spiders

A.? beipiaoensis

A.? liaoxiensis

A.? reheensis

Cretaraneus

C. liaoningensis

A nephilid spider

?Gnaphosa

G.? liaoningensis

A ground spider

?Theridion

T.? atalus

A tangle web spider

Beetles (Coleoptera)
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Anoixis

A. complanus

A desmatin click beetle[70]

Apoclion

A. antennatus

Desmatin click beetles[70]

A. clavatus

A. dolini

Coptoclava

C. longipoda

A beetle[71]

Desmatinus

D. cognatus

A desmatin click beetle[70]

Fortiseode

F. pervalimand

An eodromeine trachypachid beetle[72]

Glaresis

G. orthochilus

A laresid scarab beetle[73]

Hydrophilopsia

H. gracilis

Hydrophiloid water scavenger beetles[74]

H. hydraenoides

H. shatrovskiyi

Liaoximordella

L. hongi

A mordellid beetle[75]

Mirimordella

M. gracilicruralis

A mordellid beetle[76]

Oxyporus

O. yixianus

An oxyporine rove beetle[77]

Paradesmatus

P. dilatatus

A desmati click beetle[70]

Parageotrupes

P. incanus

A Geotrupine scarab beetle[78]

Sinocupes

S. validus

A beetle[71]

Sinosperchopsis

S. silinae

A hydrophiloid water scavenger beetle[74]

Sinoxytelus

S. breviventer

Oxyteline rove beetles[79]

S. euglypheus

S. longisetosus

Crustaceans
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Chenops[80]

C. oblongus

A notostracans

Chenops yixianensis
Chenops oblongus (right) and Jeholops hongi (left)

C. yixianensis

Cricoidoscelosus

C. aethus

A crayfish[81]

Cypridea

C. (Cypridea) liaoningensis

Jianshangou Bed

Ostracods

C. (C.) sihetunensis

Jianshangou Bed

C. (C.) veridica arguta

Jingangshan Bed

C. (C.) sp.

Jianshangou Bed

C. (Ulwellia) beipiaoensis

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

Damonella

D. formosa

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Darwinula

D. leguminella

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Diestheria

D. jeholensis

Jianshangou Bed

Clam shrimps

D. yixianensis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

D.? sp.

Jianshangou Bed

Eosestheria

E. jingangshanensis

Jingangshan Bed

Clam shrimps

E. lingyuanensis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

E. aff. middendorfii

Jingangshan Bed

E. ovata

Jianshangou Bed

E. sihetunensis

Jianshangou Bed

Eosestheriopsis

E. gujialingensis

Jianshangou Bed

A clam shrimp

Jeholops[80]

J. hongi

A notostracan

Liaoningogriphus

L. quadripartitus

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi beds

A shrimp

Lycopterocypris

L. infantilis

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Mantelliana

M. sp.

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Mongolianella

M. cf. palmosa

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Palaeocambarus

P. licenti

A crayfish[81]

Rhinocyrpis

R. jurassica

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Timiriasevia

T. jianshangouensis

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

?Yanjiestheria

Y.? beipiaoensis

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

A clam shrimp

Yanshania

Y. dabeigouensis

Jianshangou Bed

An ostracod

Dragonflies (Odonata)
[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The dragonfly species listed below follow a review compiled by Zhang, Ren and Panf in 2008, unless otherwise noted.[82]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Abrohemeroscopus

A. mengi

A dragonfly

Aeschnidium

A. heishankowense

Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense[83]

A. sp.

Archaeogomphus

A. labius

Nymphs[83]

Reclassified as Yixiangomphus labius,[84] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa[83]

Bellabrunetia

B. catherinae

A dragonfly

Chrysogomphus

C. beipiaoensis

A dragonfly

Dissurus

D. liaoyuanensis[84]

Poorly preserved nymph[83]

Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa[83]

Dracontaeschnidium

D. orientale

A dragonfly

Hebeiaeschnidia

H. fengningensis

A dragonfly

Huaxiagomphus

H. taushanensis

A dragonfly[84]

Liogomphus

L. yixianensis

A dragonfly

Mesocordulia

M. boreala

A corduliid dragonfly[75]

Palaeogomphus

P. labius

A dragonfly, reclassified as of Yixiangomphus labius,[84] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa[83]

Parapetala

P. liaoningensis

A dragonfly

Pseudosamarura

P. largina[71]

One specimen, nymph[83]

Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa[83]

Rudiaeschna

R. limnobia

An aeshnid dragonfly[75]

Sinaeschnidia

S. heishankowense

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds

Adults and nymphs[83]

S. cancellosa[83]

Junior synonym of S. heishankowense[85]

S. sp.

Indeterminate nymph specimens[83]

Some nymph specimens have been given their own genera and species though probably belong so S. heishankowense but too poorly preserved to be certain[83]

Sinogomphus

S. taoshanensis

A dragonfly

Sinojagoria

S. imperfecta

A dragonfly

Sopholibellula

S. amoena

Dragonflies

S. eleganti

Stylaeschnidium

S. rarum

A dragonfly

Telmaeshna

T. paradoxica

Beipiao

A dragonfly

Yixiangomphus

Y. labius

Nymphs[83]

Junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa[83]

Flies (Diptera)
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Alleremonmus

A. xingi

Jianshangou Bed

A brachyceran fly

Atalosciophila

A. yanensis

A mycetophilid gnat[86]

Chironomaptera

C. gregaria

A phantom midge

Gigantoberis

G. liaoningensis

A soldier fly[87]

Lichnoplecia

L. kovalevi

A protopleciid fly[88]

Palaepangonius

P. eupterus

A horse-fly[75]

Protapiocera

P. megista

An asiloid fly[75]

Protempis

P. minuta

A brachyceran fly[75]

Protonemestrius

P. jurassicus

A tangle-veined fly[75]

Wasps (Hymenoptera)
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Abropelecinus

A. annulatus

Beipiao

An iscopinine pelecinid[89]

Angaridyela

A. robusta

Jianshangou Bed

A sawfly

Azygopelecinus

A. clavatus

Beipiao

An iscopinine pelecinid[89]

Chengdeserphus

C. petidatus

A proctotrupid wasp[75]

Cretevania

C. exquisita

Beipiao

Hatchet wasps[90]

C. pristine

Jianshangou bed

C. vesca

Liaotoma

L. linearis

A xyelotomid woodwasp[75]

Manlaya

M. flexuosus

An aulacid woodwasp[75]

Procretevania

P. exquisita

Reclassified as Cretevania spp.[91]

P. pristine

P. vesca

Rudisiricius

R. belli

Praesiricid sawflies[92]

R. celsus

R. crassinodus

Scolichneumon

S. rectivenius

An ichneumonoid wasp[75]

Sinopelecinus

S. viriosus

A pelecinid[89]

Tanychora

T. exquisita

Jianshangou Bed

An ichneumon wasp

Other insects
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Alloraphidia

A. bliquivenatica[71]

Snakeflies

Epicharmeropsis, a mayfly

A. longistigmasa

Jianshangou Bed

Archeraphidia

A. shangyuanensis

A snakefly[71]

Baissopterus

B. liaoningensis

A snakefly[71]

Caenoephemera

C. shangyuanensis

Jianshangou Bed

A mayfly[71]

Caloraphidia

C. glossophylla

A snakefly[75]

Choromyrmeleon

C. othneius

An antlion[75]

?Ephemeropsis

?E. trisetalis

Jianshangou and Jingangshan beds

A mayfly. Chinese specimens probably represent species of Epicharmeropsis[93]

Epicharmeropsis

E. hexavenulosus[93]

Pingquan

Mayflies

E. quadrivenulosus[93]

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

Hagiphasma

H. paradoxa

Jianshangou Bed

A stick insect

Ilerdocossus

I. beipiaoensis

Cicadas[94]

I. exiguus

I. fengningensis

I. hui

I. pingquanensis

Kalligramma

K. liaoningensis

Jianshangou Bed

A lacewing

Karatavoblatta

K. formosa

A cockroach[71]

Liaoaphidia

L. fornicata

A snakefly[71]

Liaonemobius

L. tanae

A sword-tail cricket[75]

Longicellochrysa

L. yixiana

A mesochrysopid lacewing[95]

Mesascalaphus

M. yangi

An owlfly[75]

Mesolygaeus

M. laiyangensis

A water bug[71]

Metabittacus

M. colosseus

Jianshangou Bed

Miracossus

M. ingentius

A cicada[94]

Nipponoblatta

N. acerba

Jianshangou Bed

A cockroach

Oloberotha

O. sinica

A beaded lacewing[75]

Sinochresmoda

S. magnicornia

A chresmodid water-skiing insect[96]

Sinosharaperla

S. zhaoi

Beipiao

A stonefly[76]

Sinoviparosiphum

S. lini

An aphid[75]

Sophogramma

S. lii

Jianshangou Bed

A lacewing[97]

Tetraphelerus

T. laetus

A moth[71]

Unnamed Vitimotauliidae

Unnamed

A caddisfly pupa, likely belonging to the Vitimotauliidae.[98]

Unnamed Siphonaptera

Unnamed

A giant, non-jumping flea[99]

Molluscs
[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Amplovalvata

A. sp.

Jianshangou Bed

A gastropod

Arguniella

A. lingyuanensis

Jianshangou Bed

A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang and Fuxin Formations

A. yanshanensis

Jianshangou Bed

A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang Formation

Bithynia

B. haizhouensis

Jingangshan Bed

A gastropod

Corbicula

C. anderssoni

Jianshangou Bed

Reclassified as Sphaerium anderssoni

C. jeholense

Reclassified as Sphaerium jeholense

Gyraulus

G. sp.

Jianshangou Bed

A ramshorn snail

Probaicalia

P. vitimensis

Jianshangou Bed

A gastropod

Ptychastylus

P. harpaeformis

Jianshangou Bed

Gastropods

P. cf. phillipi

Jianshangou Bed

Sphaerium

S. anderssoni

Jianshangou Bed

A fingernail clam, also present in the Jiufotang Formation

S. jeholense

Junior synonym of S. anderssoni

S. selenginense

Junior synonym of S. anderssoni

?Viviparus

V.? cf. matsumotoi

Jingangshan Bed

A snail

Flora

[edit]

Conifers

[edit]

The coniferous trees and shrubs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[100]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Brachyphyllum

A cypress-like conifer

Cephalotaxopsis

A yew

Cunninghamia

A cypress

Elatides

A cypress

Elatocladus

E. leptophyllus

Conifers of uncertain classification

E. manchurica[20]

Liaoningocladus

L. boii

Jingangshan Bed

A conifer of uncertain classification

Pagiophyllum

A cypress-like conifer

Pityocladus

A pine

Pityolepis

P. sp.[20]

A pine

Pityophyllum

P. cf. lindstroemi[20]

A pine

Pityostrobus

A pine

Podozamites

P. lanceolatus[20]

A conifer of uncertain classification

Schizolepis

S. jeholensis[20]

?Sequoia

S.? jeholensis[20]

Taxus

A yew

Torreya

A yew

Yanliaoia

Y. sinensis[20]

Ferns

[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Cladophlebis

C. spp.[20]

Coniopteris

C. sp.[20]

Onychiopsis

O. elongata[20]

Junior synonym of O. psilotoides

O. psilotoides[20]

?Ruffordia

R.? sp.[20]

Flowering plants

[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Archaeamphora

A. longicervia

Jianshangou Bed

A pitcher plant, and the earliest known carnivorous plant
Archaefructus

Archaefructus

A. eoflora

Jianshangou Bed

A primitive, aquatic angiosperm

A. liaoningensis

Jianshangou Bed

A. sinensisis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Callianthus

C. dilae[101]

Liaoning

A plant with true flowers

?Davallia

D.? niehhutzuensis[20]

Erenia

E. stenoptera[101]

Liaoning

Actually a specimen of Callianthus

Leefructus

L. mirus[102]

A eudicot

Liaoxia

L. chenii[20]

?Potamogeton

P.? jeholensis[20]

Ranunculus

R. jeholensis[20]

Junior synonym of Potamogeton jeholensis

Sinocarpus

S. decussatus

A primitive eudicot

Ginkgos

[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Baiera

B. cf. gracilis[20]

B. orientalis[20]

Czekanowskia

C. rigida[20]

Ginkgo

G. apodes[103]

Ginkgoites

G. sibiricus[20]

Leptostrobus

L. sp.[20]

?Nageiopsis

N.? sp.[20]

Phoenicopsis

P. cf. augustifolia[20]

Solenites

S. sp.[20]

Sphenobaiera

S. longifola[20]

Other plants

[edit]
Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Chaoyangia

C. liangii[104]

A gnetale gymnosperm

Chaoyangicarpus

C. liangii[20]

Junior synonym of Chaoyangia liangii

Ephedra

E. sp.

A gymnosperm

Equisetum

E. sp.

A horsetail

Eragrosites

E. changii[104]

A grass-like gnetale gymnosperm

Siphonospermum

S. simplex[105]

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

A gnetale gymnosperm

Tyrmia

T. sp.[20]

A cycad

History

[edit]

Ancient interpretations

[edit]

Scientific research

[edit]

People

[edit]

Natural history museums

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Fossil Site in China Shows Long Recovery of Life from the Largest Extinction in Earth's History". ScienceDaily. 22 Dec 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  2. ^ Zhang, J. (2007). "Two shark finspines (Hybodontoidea) from the Mesozoic of North China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 277–280. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.005.
  3. ^ Meng, J.; Hu, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2006). "The mammal fauna in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: implications for diversity and biology of Mesozoic mammals". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 439–463. doi:10.1002/gj.1054.
  4. ^ Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010). "New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 229–236. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203. PMC 2842663. PMID 19419990.
  5. ^ Shilin Hou and Jin Meng (2014). "A new eutriconodont mammal from the early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (5–6): 546–553. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0088-2.
  6. ^ Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Zhang, Xingliao; Xi, Yunhong; Wu, Yanhua; Ji, Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
  7. ^ Gao, CL; Wilson, GP; Luo, ZX; Maga, AM; Meng, Q; Wang, X (2010). "A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological sciences. 277 (1679): 237–246. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014. PMC 2842676. PMID 19726475. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
  8. ^ Martin, Thomas, & Ruf, Irina (2009). "On the mammalian ear". Science. 326 (5950): 243–244. doi:10.1126/science.1181131. PMID 19815765.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b c Luo, Z., Chen, P., Li, G., & Chen, M. (2007). A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals. Nature. Vol 446, 15 March 2007, doi:10.1038/nature05627 PMID 17361176.
  10. ^ Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2006). "Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 405–418. doi:10.1002/gj.1046.
  11. ^ Zhou C 2009. New material of Elanodactylus prolatus Andres & Ji, 2008 (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. Neues Jahr. Geo. Paläo. Abh. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0022.
  12. ^ a b c d Jiang S. and Wang X. (2011). "A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 83(4): 1243-1249. ISSN 0001-3765. [1]
  13. ^ Wang X., 2008, "Order Pterosauria" In: Li J., Wu X., Zhnag F. eds. Chinese Fossil Reptiles and their Kin 2nd edition, Science Press, Beijing p. 215-234
  14. ^ Lü Junchang, Ji Qiang, Wei Xuefang and Liu Yongqing (2011). "A new ctenochasmatoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 34: 26. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.09.010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Lü J. (2009). "A baby pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00001.x.
  16. ^ Lu, J. (2010). "A new boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 24: 241–246.
  17. ^ Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y. (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773.
  18. ^ a b Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 48 (3): 298–312. doi:10.1360/04yd0038.
  19. ^ a b Tong, H.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2004). "Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision". American Museum Novitates. 3438: 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)438<0001:OTCFTY>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0082.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Smith, J.B., Harris, J.D., Omar, G.I., Dodson, P. and You, H. (2001). "Biostratigraphy and avian origins in northeastern China. Appendix: Biota of the Yixian Formation and the endemicity of its taxa." In Gauthier, J. and Gall, L.F. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.
  21. ^ a b c Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044.
  22. ^ "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 395.
  23. ^ "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.
  24. ^ "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.
  25. ^ "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.
  26. ^ Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006). "A beaked basal ornithurine bird (Aves, Ornithurae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (4): 363–373. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00234.x.
  27. ^ Hu, D.; Li, L.; Hou, L.; Xu, X. (2011). "A new enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (1): 154–161. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.546305.
  28. ^ a b c "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.
  29. ^ a b c d "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.
  30. ^ Zhang, Zihui; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Liu, Jinyuan; Hou, Lianhai; Zheng, Guangmei (2009). "Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (4): 783–790. doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0399-x.
  31. ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 213.
  32. ^ Zihui, Zhang; Lianhai, HOU; Yoshikasu, Hasegawa; O'Connor, Jingmai; Martin, Larry D.; Chiappe, Luis M. (2010). "The first Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00285.x.
  33. ^ Li, D.; Sulliven, C.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, Z. (2010). "Basal birds from China: a brief review". Chinese Birds. 1 (2): 83–96. doi:10.5122/cbirds.2010.0002.
  34. ^ Hou, L.H., Zhou, Z.H., Zhang, F.C., et al. (2002). "Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning." In China Shenyang, China: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House
  35. ^ Ji; Ji, Ji; Zhang, You; Zhang, Wang; Yuan (2002). "A new avialian bird - Jixiangornis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. - from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, NE China". Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 38 (6): 723–736.
  36. ^ a b Chiappe, L. M.; Zhao, B.; o’Connor, J. K.; Chunling, G.; Wang, X.; Habib, M.; Marugan-Lobon, J.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X. (2014). "A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Hongshanornis longicresta: Insights into the aerodynamics and diet of a basal ornithuromorph". PeerJ. 2: e234. doi:10.7717/peerj.234. PMC 3898307. PMID 24482756.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  37. ^ a b O'Connor, J.K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 311–321. doi:10.1080/02724631003617498.
  38. ^ a b c Jin, Fan; Zhang, Fucheng; Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jiangyong; Li, Chun; Zhou, Zhonghe (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (18): 2820–2827. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5.
  39. ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.
  40. ^ O'Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (1): 25–37.
  41. ^ a b Chiappe, L.M.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny". American Museum Novitates (3594).
  42. ^ O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, X.; Chiappe, L.M.; Gao, C.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 188–204. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371.
  43. ^ Gao, C.; Chiappe, L.M.; Meng, Q.; O'Connor, J.K.; Wang, X.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2008). "A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 775–791. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x.
  44. ^ a b c "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.
  45. ^ Azuma, (2005). The Flying Dinosaurs: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 118 pp.
  46. ^ "Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.
  47. ^ White, Matt (2009). "The subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus architecture demonstrating the evolution of the arctometatarsus and advanced agility in theropod dinosaurs". Alcheringa. 33 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/03115510802618193.
  48. ^ Xu, Xu; Norell, M. (2006). "Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044.
  49. ^ Hwang, Norell, Ji and Gao, (2004). "A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24(3): 73A–74A.
  50. ^ Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (4): 429–463. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002143.
  51. ^ "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.
  52. ^ a b "Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.
  53. ^ Zhou, Wang; Zhang; Xu (2000). "Important features of Caudipteryx - evidence from two nearly complete new specimens" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 38 (4): 241–254.
  54. ^ Xing, L.D.; Harris, J.D.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, Z.J. (2009). "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (6): 705–712.
  55. ^ Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (eds) (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)
  56. ^ "A new oviraptorosaur from the Yixian Formation of Jianchang, Western Liaoning Province, China". Regional Geology of China (12): 2102–2107. 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  57. ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.
  58. ^ Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; He, H.; Jin, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2369–2376. doi:10.1007/BF03183749. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |first9= (help); Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
  59. ^ "Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 138.
  60. ^ Xu, X.; Zheng, X.; You, H. (2010). "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers". Nature. 464 (7293): 1338–1341. doi:10.1038/nature08965. PMID 20428169.
  61. ^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.
  62. ^ Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010). "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds". Nature. 463 (7284): 1075–1078. doi:10.1038/nature08740. PMID 20107440.
  63. ^ Shu'an, JI; Chunling, GAO; Jinyuan, LIU; Qingjin, Meng; Qiang, JI (2007). "New material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 177–182. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x.
  64. ^ Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Nature. 484 (7392): 92–95. doi:10.1038/nature10906. PMID 22481363. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |first9= (help); Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
  65. ^ Xing L., Bell, P.R., Currie, P.J., Shibata M., Tseng K. & Dong Z. (2012). "A sauropod rib with an embedded theropod tooth: direct evidence for feeding behaviour in the Jehol group, China." Lethaia, (advance online publication). doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00310.x.
  66. ^ Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2008). "A new Theropod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 164A.
  67. ^ Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x.
  68. ^ a b Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China". Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.
  69. ^ Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
  70. ^ a b c d Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076.
  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6.
  72. ^ Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link
  73. ^ Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x.
  74. ^ a b Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821.
  75. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.
  76. ^ a b Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. Cite error: The named reference "liuetal2007" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  77. ^ Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049.
  78. ^ Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x.
  79. ^ Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.
  80. ^ a b Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
  81. ^ a b Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26-33.
  82. ^ Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68.
  83. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Zhang, J. (2000). "The discovery of aeschnidiid nymphs (Aeschnidiidae, Odonata, Insecta)". Chinese Science Bulletin. 45 (11): 1031–1038. doi:10.1007/bf02884986.
  84. ^ a b c d Lin, Q. (1994). "Cretaceous insects of China". Cretaceous Research. 15 (3): 305–316. doi:10.1006/cres.1994.1019.
  85. ^ Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.
  86. ^ Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.
  87. ^ Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.
  88. ^ Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.
  89. ^ a b c Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x.
  90. ^ Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.
  91. ^ Enrique Peñalver, Jaime Ortega-Blanco, André Nel, Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  92. ^ Gao, T.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Ren, D.; Shih, C. (2010). "The first Praesiricidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeast China". Annales de la Société entomologique de France. 46 (1–2): 148–153. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697650.
  93. ^ a b c Huang, J.; Ren, D.; Sinitshenkova, N. D.; Shih, C. (2007). "New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China". Zootaxa. 1629: 39–50.
  94. ^ a b Menon, F.; Heads, S.W.; Martill, D.M. (2005). "New Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 26 (6): 837–844. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.05.005.
  95. ^ Ren, D.; Makarkin, V.N.; Yang, Q. (2010). "A new fossil genus of Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Zootaxa. 2523: 50–56.
  96. ^ Zhang, X.; Ren, D.; Pang, H.; Shih, C. (2008). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702: 26–40.
  97. ^ Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, R. (2009). "An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 54 (10): 1732–1737. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0284-2.
  98. ^ Davis, S.R.; Engel, M.S.; Ren, D. (2010). "A pupal caddisfly from the Early Cretaceous of China (Trichoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 396–399. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.001.
  99. ^ Huang, D., Engel, M.S., Cai, C., Wu, H. and Nel, A. (2012). "Diverse transitional giant fleas from the Mesozoic era of China." Nature, (advance online publication). doi:10.1038/nature10839
  100. ^ Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.
  101. ^ a b Wang, X.; Zheng, S. (2009). "The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 51 (8): 800–811. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00838.x. PMID 19686377.
  102. ^ Sun, G., Dilcher, D.L., Wang, H. and Chen, Z. (2011). "A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China." Nature, 471: 625–628 (31 March 2011) doi:10.1038/nature09811
  103. ^ Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "A new Mesozoic Ginkgo from western Liaoning, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 131: 91–103. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.002.
  104. ^ a b Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (1998). "In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China". Science. 282 (5394): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1692. PMID 9831557.
  105. ^ Rydin, C.; Friis, E.M. (2010). "A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of Northeast China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-183.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Chen, P-J., Dong, Z-M., Zhen, S-N. 1998. An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature. Vol. 391:14.–152.
  • Vaughan, Terry A; Ryan, James M.; Cheshire, Leonard; Czaplewski, Nicholas J. (2011). Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 114–116. ISBN 1449644376. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  • Brusatte, Stephen L. (2012). Dinosaur Paleobiology, Volume 1 of TOPA Topics in Paleobiology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 75–77. ISBN 1118273559. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  • Norell, Mark; Gaffney, Eugene S.; Dingus, Lowell (2000). Discovering Dinosaurs: Evolution, Extinction, and the Lessons of Prehistory. University of California Press. pp. 214–216. ISBN 0520225015. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
[edit]

Category:Paleontology Category:Geology of China Category:Natural history of China Category:Geography of China Category:Geography of Northeast Asia Category:Paleontology in China

-->