User:Robocop8908/Chromatolysis

Wikipedia Project Proposal: Chromatolysis

Aeri Alexander, Christian Molony, and Michele Kelley

General Definition

Chromatolysis is the disintegration of chromophil, a substance found in the body of a nerve cell, which can result from cell exhaustion or damage to peripheral processes. Axonal damage can lead to various physical or biochemical changes in the neuronal cell body. Cytoskeleton alterations are the main cellular reaction to chromatolysis. Based on their location within the brain, some neurons appear to be more susceptible to peripheral chromatolysis.

Types

1. Central Chromatolysis

2. Peripheral Chromatolysis

Causes

• Axotomy (severe damage to axon)

• Lithium Poisoning

• Acrylamide Intoxication

Chemical Mechanisms

• Nissl bodies

• Chromophil

Diseases

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• Alzheimer’s

• ALS

• Prick’s Disease

• Corticobasal Degeneration

References

1. Valentine W.M., “13.04 - Degenerative and Regenerative Events in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System,” in Comprehensive Toxicology (Second Edition) (Oxford: Elsevier, 2010), 39-58, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008046884601304X.

2. S Levine, “A method for peripheral chromatolysis in neurons of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia, produced in rats by lithium,” Journal of Neuroscience Methods 132 (January 15, 2004): 1-7.

3. A. Torvik, “Central chromatolysis and the axon reaction: a reappraisal,” Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2, no. 6 (1976): 423–432.

4. T Tandrup, “Chromatolysis of A-cells of dorsal root ganglia is a primary structural event in acute acrylamide intoxication,” Journal of Neurocytology 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 73-78.

5. Bogdan A. Stoica and Alan I. Faden, “Programmed Neuronal Cell Death Mechanisms in CNS Injury,” in Acute Neuronal Injury, ed. Denson G. Fujikawa (Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010), 169-200, http://www.springerlink.com/content/h68856u675m57m26/.

6. I. Gersh and D. Bodian, “Some chemical mechanisms in chromatolysis,” Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 21, no. 3 (1943): 253–279.

7. David McIlwain and Victoria Hoke, “The role of the cytoskeleton in cell body enlargement, increased nuclear eccentricity and chromatolysis in axotomized spinal motor neurons,” BMC Neuroscience 6, no. 1 (2005): 19.

8. BG Cragg, “What is the signal for chromatolysis?,” Brain Research 23, no. 1 (1970): 1–21.