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Vanniya Kula Kshatriya

Vanniyar ( Palli ) or Vanniya Kula Kshatriya 's are a large Tamil caste living in Tamil Nadu particularly densely in North Tamil Nadu ( north of Kaveri River ) and to a lesser extent in other areas.  They also live in Puducherry ,South karnataka and South Andhra Pradesh . They belong to the most backward class in the reservation list of the Tamil Nadu government .

Origin

There are several etymological theories for Vanni, in Sanskrit Vanni means ( fire/fire )  and in Dravidian ( strength ).  It means born from fire (Agni/Thee). The word school means Vanam ( forest ) in Sanskrit.

Alf Hildbedill notes that the Vanni derive their caste name from the name Vanni .  The word vanni is thought to mean fire in Sanskrit. But in Tamil it is the name of an important tree. This is the association of the sage, and leads to associations with mythology.

he name Vanniyar is derived from the Tamil word 'Vanmai' which means valor. Agni,the God of Fire is connected with Regal office,as kings hold in their hands the fire wheel or Agneya chakra. The Vanniyars of South India considered as a representative of the Non-Aryan,a Dravidian Rajput Element. In Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Vanniars while referring their caste in circumstances and rituals, subtitle with the phrase 'Agnivanshi' denoting their clan. Also in Andhra they are referred to as Agnikula Kshatriyas.

At Sirkazhi Vaideeswaran Temple Inscriptions about Vanniyar Puranam are seen. It denotes that,at ancient times there is two asuras known as Vatapi.,and Mahi.,worshipped Brahma and obtained immunity from Death and subsequently they garrisoned the Earth. Jambuva Mahamuni,performed a Yagam,or sacrifice by power.soon Armed Horse men sprung from the flames,undertook twelve expeditions against them and destroyed them. Their leader then assumed the government of the country under the name Rudra Vanniya Maharaja,who had five sons,the Ancestors of Vanniya Caste. This Tradition alludes to the destruction of the city of Vatapi by Narasimhavarman,the king of Pallis or Pallavas.

Vanniyar Puranam

'பங்குனித் திங்களுத்திரர்

தன்னில் பரமன் முக்கணழல் விழியில் துங்கமா வேர்வை தோன்றிடக் கரத்திற் தோய்த்து செங்கழுநீரின் மலரைப் பொங்கமா மகத்திலாகுதி யியற்றிட புனிதனுக்கு வகையீந்தார் (வ)ங்கண் வீரவன்னிய பூமன்னர்

பரிமீது தோன்றினனே'

— — வன்னியர் புராணம்.

சிலை எழுபது

கம்பர் எழுதிய ஒன்பது நூல்களுள் சிலையெழுபதும் ஒன்றாகும். இந்நூலில் வன்னியர்களின் புகழ், பெருமை, வீரம், கலை, பண்பாடு முதலானவற்றை அறிந்து கொள்ள, கம்பர் இந்நூலை எழுதியுள்ளார்.

படைத்துணைத் தலைவர் குலச்சிறப்பு

விடையுடையார் வரமுடையார் வேந்தர்கோ வெனலுடையார், நடையுடையார் மிடியுடைய நாவலர் மாட்டருள் கொடையார், குடையுடையார் மலையமன்னர் குன்றவர் பல்லவர் மும்முப் படையுடையார்

வனியர் பிறரென்னுடையார் பகிரிரே

— — சிலை எழுபது.

In the Classical tamil poem Kalladam,which has been attributed to the time of Thiruvalluvar,the author of the sacred Kural,Vanni is used in the sense of King. Kamban, the author of Tamil Ramayana,uses it in a similar sense.

The vanniyans of agnikula race, can be classified as Ruthra Vanniyar, Agni Vanniyar, Sambu vanniyar, Brahma vanniyar, and Indra Vanniyar.

Vanniyar clan titles

They are castes with more than 200 titles such as Padayatchi, Gounder, Naicker/Nayagar, Vannia Reddiar, Kander/Kandar, Palli in Tamil Nadu, In Karnataka they are called Tigala or Thigilaru with a common suffix of Gowda and Nayakar. In Andhra Pradesh, Vanniars are usually known as Palli, Agnikula Kshatriya, Vanne Kapu or Naik. There are different names or sub caste/sub titles given for Vanniya Kula Kshatriyas. This can be seen in the book written by A.K.Natarajan of Vanniyar sangam. The sub caste like Gounder, Naicker, Kandar, Padaiyaachi, Raju, Palli e.t.c.

Historical references

The Titles," Indicating Authority,Bravery and Superiority," assumed by them are Nayakar, Varma, Padaiyachi (Head of an Army), Kandar, Chera, Chola, Pandya, Sambuvarays, Kadavarayas, Kalingarayas, Mazhavarayas, Samattiyars, Udaiyars, Kondiyars, Nainars, Sozhaganars, Munaiarayas and Kachirayas,Goundan and Kavandan. Some say that they belong to Chola race,and that, as such, they should be called as Chembians. They also bear the Sozhaganars title indicating their chola origin.

The Zamindars of Vanniyar Caste.

• Pichavaram Zamindar
• UdayarPalayam Zamindar
• Ariyalur Zamindar
• Mukaasaparur Zamin
• Thiruvidaichuram Zamindar
• Manimangalam Zamindar
• Sivagiri Zamindars

• Alagapuri Zamin
• Elayaram Pannai Zamin

In North East Sri Lanka,Triconamalee are ruled by Vanniyans and Vanniyachi's.

A well known verse of Irattayar in praise of Ekambareswarar Temple refers to the Pallava King as being of the Sambu Race. The latter Descendants of the Pallava apparently took Sambuvarayar and Kadavarayar Titles.

Population

According to the census of 1989, there are 65 lakh 4 thousand 855 Vanniyars living in Tamil Nadu. In terms of population, they are the single largest community in Tamil Nadu.

Currently

Vanniyars constituted more than 10 percent in Tamil Nadu in the 1980s . Especially Chengalpattu , North Arcot , South Arcot and Salem districts had more than 25 percent population. Most of the Vanniars are engaged in agriculture . Yet they benefit greatly from political influences and organization. They were in the backward category of the Tamil Nadu government reservation list , but after many struggles in the 1980s, they succeeded and now they are in the most backward category .

The Vanniyar Sangam, formed for this community, later grew into a political party called Pattali Makkal Katchi and is now one of the most important political parties in Tamil Nadu.

Notable Persons

POLITICAL LEADERS

• Late Thiru S. S. Ramasami Padayachi, Former Minister of Tamil Nadu , Tamil Nadu Toilers Party.
• Late Thiru M. A. Manickavelu Naicker, Former Minister of Tamil Nadu, Founder Commonwheel Party. Supported the Kamaraj to become CM in 1951.
• Late Thiru Vazhapadi K. Ramamurthy, Former Union Minister , Veteran Congress & Trade Union Leader.
• Late Thiru A. Govindasamy Nayakar, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party MLA. Mugaiyur. Former Minister of Tamil Nadu, First MLA of DMK, donated 'Rising SUN' symbol to DMK.
• Dr.S. Ramadoss Gounder, Founder, Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK).
• Honorable N.Rangaswamy, Ex Chief Minister of Pondicherry, India.
• Veerapandi S Arumugam, Agriculture Minister of Tamil Nadu, MLA Veerapandi.
• Thiru.Durai Murugan , TN Minister for Public Works. Tamil Nadu, MLA Katpadi.
• Dr Anbumani Ramadoss, Former Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, MP Rajya Sabha.
• M.Krishnasamy Gounder, Former Tamil Nadu Congress Committee (TNCC) President, MP Arani.
• M. R. K. Panneerselvam, Tamil Nadu Health Minister, MLA Kurinjipadi.
• R. Velu, IAS, Former Union Minister of State for Railways, Ex MP Arakkkonam.
• S. Jagathrakshakan Gounder, MP Arakkonam, Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting .
• G.K. Mani, President PMK, MLA Mettur.
• T.G.Venkatraman, Former Union Minister for Surface Transport, Ex MLA Tindivanam.
• Panruti Ramachandran, Former Minister TN Government, DMDK Presidium Chairman.
• Gingee N. Ramachandran, Former Union Minister of State for Finance, Ex MP Vandavasi.
• A. K. Moorthy, Ex Minister of State for Railways, Former MP Chengalpattu.
• Radhakrishna Padayachi, Minister in South African Government.
• Veerapandi. A. Raja, MLA Veerapandi.
• Vazhapadi Rama Suganthan, Congress Leader & Managing Trustee, Rajiv Gandhi-Vazhapadi Ramamurthy Charitable Trust.
• Vijayalakshmi Palanichamy, Former TN Social Welfare Minister, Ex MLA Panamarathupatti.
• S. Semmalai, MP Salem and Former Minister of Government of Tamil Nadu.
• N.T. Shanmuga Gounder, Former Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Ex MP Vellore.
• Tindivanam K. Ramamurthy, National Congress Party, former TNCC President.
• C.V.E. Shanmugam, MLA Tindivanam & Former Minister of Government of Tamil Nadu
• T. M. Selvaganapathy ,Former Minister of Government of Tamil Nadu.
• Dr.C.N.Ramamurthy Gounder, Founder, Pattali Makkal Munnettra Katchi (PMMK).
• Mr.M.C.Sampath ,Former Minister of Government of Tamil Nadu.
• Mr.Rathakrishnan, Former Minister of Government of Tamil Nadu
• Mr.Anbalagan , MLA Palacode, Former Minister of Government of Tamil Nadu.
• Thellur. M. Dharumarasan, President of Gandhi Kamaraj Desiya Congress and Tamil Nadu National Agriculturist Association, Ex Chairman - West Arni Panchayath Union, Editor, Vidivelli Newspaper.
• Sankarapuram K.Srinivasan. Ex-Panchayat Union Chairman,Ex State Organising Secretary, AICC.
• "Kaduvetti" Guru, Vanniar Sangam Leader, Ex MLA Andimadam.
• T. Velmurugan, MLA Panruti.
• Malladi Krishna Rao , Minister Puducherry government, MLA Yanam.
• Mopidevi Venkata Ramana Rao , Minister of Law & Technical Education , Andhra Pradesh.

CIVIL SERVICE

• Late Thiru A.N. Sattanathan, IAS, Chairman 1st Tamil Nadu Backward Class Commission.
• Late Thiru J.A. Ambasankar, IAS, Chairman 2nd Tamil Nadu Backward Class Commission.
• Mr A.M. Kasi Viswanathan, IAS, Chairman, Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission.
• Mr Chandrasekhar, IAS, Chairman, Tamil Nadu Election Commission.
• Mr Revu Muthyala Raju, IAS. All India topper in IAS, Sub-Collector, Kareemnagar, Andhra Pradesh.
• Mr R.K. Boopathy, National Award holder for Best Teacher.
• Mr E. Dasarathan, IAS, served in various departments.
• Mr S. Udhayakumaran, IRS, Commissioner of Income Tax, Mumbai.
• Thiru Gopalakrishnan, IPS Rtd,Former City Commissioner of Salem.
• Mr R.Sekar, IPS, Former Commissioner Chennai City.
• Thiru Elangovan IPS Rtd.
• Mr Anbukkumar, IAS, Assistant Commissioner, Madhugiri, Karnataka.

LEGAL SERVICE

• Justice S Sambandam, Former Judge, Chairman, Tamil Nadu Human Rights Commission.
• Justice Kulasekaran, High Court Judge.
• Late Thiru T. Ayakannu Nayakar, First Madras High Court Lawyer from Vanniya Kula Kshatriya community. Authored Vannikula Vilakam: A Treatise on the Vanniya Caste, 1891 and Varuna Darpanam: Mirror of Castes, 1901.

ACADEMICS, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Rao Bahadur, Philanthropist, P.T. Chengalvaraya Naicker, P.T. Lee Chengalvaraya Trust, 1886.
• Vallal Sankara Kandaswamy Kandar, Kandasamy Kandar Educational Trust, 1890.
• Malladi Satyalingam Naicker,MSN Charities and Educational Trust.
• Dr. Vishwanathan, Former Anna University Vice Chancellor.
• Kalaimaamani Dr.(PORKO)Pon.Kothandaraman,Former Vice Chancellor of Madras University, VijayRatna, Thamizh Peravai Chemmal,Pulavar and Vidwan.
• Dr.P.Murugesa Boopathi,B.Sc.(Ag), M.Sc.(Ag), Ph.D,Vice-Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
• Padmashri Prof. Emeritus Dr.B.Palaniappan MS, FRCS, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai.
• Prof. K. Thayalan, Head of Department, Radiological Physics, Madras Medical College.
• Dato' G. Raja Gopal, FRGS, Who's Who in The World 2007, Academician Malaysia.
• Dr. K.M. Tamizhmani, Ph.D. Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Pondicherry University.
• Dr. P.G.K.Natarjan, P.G.K Hospitals, Anthiyur.
• Prof. Dr. N. S. Rajendran, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia.

SPIRITUAL

• Thavathiru 'Amma' Bangaru Adigalar.
• Late Thiru Vanniya Adigalar.

ENTREPRENEURS

• Murugavel Janakiraman, Founder of world's largest matrimony portal, Bharatmatrimony.com

Educational institutions

• Saraswati college of engineering.(வன்னியர் கல்வி அறகட்டளை )
• Chengalvaraya naciker engineering and polytechinic college
• Athi Parasakthi medical college
• Balaji Medical College
• Manakular Vinayagar medical college
• Bharath University
• Athi Parasakthi Engineering college.(kanchipuram)
• Athi Parasakthi Engineering college.(Vellore)
• Athi Parasakthi Engineering college for women.
• Tagore Engineering college - (Chennai)
• Sri Lakshmi Ammal engineering college -Chennai
• Manakular Vinayagar Institute of Technology - pondicherry
• Manakular Vinayagar College of engineering - pondicherry
• Mailam Engineering college -tindivanam
• Aringar Anna Engineering college - chennai
• Aringar Anna Institute of technology - chennai
• Sapthagiri Engineering College - Dharmapuri
• Sri Padmavathy Engineering college - Kanchipuram
• V.K.K Vijayan Engineering college - sri perumbudur ,kanchipuram
• Sakthi Mariamman Engineering College - Kanchipuram.
• Tirupatthur Engineering College - Vellore.
• Kingston College of Engineering - Vellore
• V.S.A Engineering College - Salem..
• K.K.C college of Engineering and Technology - Jayankondam, Ariyalur
• M.R.K Institute of technology - Kaatumannarkoil, Cuddalore.
• R.V Sembodaiyar Engineering College - Nagapattinam
• Pallavan College of education..(A.K.Natarajan Vanniya Kula Kshatriyar Educational Trust)
• G.P polytechnic college
• T.K.Raja college of education

POET AND LITERATURE

• Late Poet Mr Trichy Thiyagarajan, fierce competitor to Kannadasan.
• Kavingar Arivumathi.
• Kavingar Pachaiyappan

SPORTS

• 'Kabadi Thandhai', Thiru.M.Rathinasabapathy,Chairman,Kandasamy Kandar Educational Trust.
• T. Natarajan, Indian international cricketer

ARTIST, JOURNALISM & MEDIA

• Dhanraj Master, Music teacher, Guru of M.S.Visvanathan, Ilaiyaraaja, A.R.Rahman.
• Late Thiru Thenkachi Ko. Swaminathan, Indru Oru Thagaval, All India Radio.
• Mr Thangar Bachchan, Cinematographer turned director and actor in movies.
• Late Thiru Chinna Ponnuswamy Padayachi, theatrical Actor and Guru of Sivaji Ganesan.
• Mr Kali N. Rathnam, Actor, Guru for M.G.Ramachandran (MGR).
• Mr Janakaraj, Actor.
• Ms Vadivukkarasi, Actress.
• Mr Pushpavanam Kuppusamy, Singer
• Mr Marumalarchi Bharathi, Cinema Director.
• Mr Sankagiri Rajkumar, Film director
• Mr Sandhanam, famous comedy actor
• Mr.Jeevan ,Actor
• Mr.Gowthaman , Cinema Director
• Mr Raja, Chief News Editor, Sun Network.

1987 Reservation Struggle

The 1987 Reservation Protest ( 1987 Vanniyar Protest ) was a massive protest in September 1987 by the people of the Vanniyar community in Tamil Nadu .  It was a protest by the Vanniyar Caste Sangam (later Pattali Makkal Katchi ) demanding internal quota in the reservation of seats for the backward castes of the Vanniyar caste . In Tamil Nadu , a series of road blockades were held demanding that 20 percent reservation should be given to Vanniyars in education and employment and 2 percent reservation in education and employment by the central government. This game is bad. It was held under the leadership of Ramadoss . 21 people were shot dead by the Tamil Nadu police to quell the reservation protestors