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Gisbert Hasenjaeger[edit]

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Syrian Refugees in South Korea[edit]

The number of Syrian who have applied for refugees in South Korea are 918 in total since 1994, expected over 1,000 by the end of 2015. It was only 3 applicants before 2011, however it was boomed after Syrian Civil War in 2011.[1] South Korea has received 146 - 295 asylum applications every year since 2012. 270 asylum seekers has been added in 2015, especially increased rapidly in October. As for at the end of September 2015, Ministry of Justice in South Korea said there are 848 Syrian asylum seekers in South Korea. Only 3 asylum seekers of them were accepted as refugees, less than 0.3% of acceptance rate.[2] 631 people were permitted their residence on humanitarian grounds, 9 people decided not to accept as a refugee and 75 withdrew their application, totally 718 people were determined their status. Rest 130 Syrian are under status determination.[3]

Refugees in South Korea[edit]

South Korea joined the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees in 1992 and became the first country in East Asia to enact its own refugee law in 2012.[4] According to Ministry of Justice in South Korea, there has been 12,208 asylum applicants since 1992 and accepted 522(4.2%) as a refugee.[5] UNHCR categorized 44 industrialized countries in the world as refugees receiving countries. South Korea is one of the receiving countries in Asia-Pacific including Japan. The number of asylum applications in 2013 has increased by 85%, however according to Ministry of Justice in South Korea, acceptance rate of refugees is 7.3% at the end of 2014.[6] UNHCR said among the Parties relating to the Status of Refugees, 38% of asylum seekers were accepted as refugees, which is Korea's acceptance is much lower than international standards.[7] The top nationality of asylum seekers in Korea is Pakistan(2,017) since 1994. The top three nationalities of people accepted as a refugee are Myanmar(154), Bangladesh(84), and Ethiopia(73). Refugees in Myanmar was accepted as a refugee because of political reason but the number has been decreased as the political situation in Myanmar getting better.[8] 

The process of asylum applicants is very complicated in South Korea. Asylum seekers in South Korea isn't allowed to get a job for the first 6 months, which prevent illegal stay for getting a job. There is no health insurance as well. Korean government support living expenses to asylum seekers, but for only 7% of them because of lack of budget. It takes over a year to be decided as a refugee.[8] The asylum seekers have to be permitted to extend their residence for every 6 months, a year for people who are staying under humanitarian grounds. [9]However It is hard to be performed precisely because there is not enough human resources for status determination.[10]

Syrian Refugees[edit]

The standards for accepting as refugees in South Korea is very complex. South Korea accept people as refugees when people have well-founded grounds for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.[11] However practically it is hard to be accepted Syrian Refugees fleeing their country because of Syrian Civil War as Refugees in South Korea. Korea don't deport Syrian refugees by force, making them staying in Korea whenever they want under humanitarian grounds. They don't have any social or basic living security. [12]

According to Ministry of Justice in South Korea, Asylum seekers in Syria has sharply been increased since 2011, after the Syrian Civil War. 18 Nov 2015, NIS in South Korea said There have been 200 Syrian entering South Korea by flight during 2015.[13] 135 Syrians of them were permitted residence on humanitarian grounds so they are staying in South Korea at the moment. Other 65 Syrians are under strict status determination, staying in Incheon International Airport.[14] It is also reported that additional 70 Syrian applied for asylum only in October.[2]

South Korea has been giving aid for Syrian Refugees for a few years. Korea government and NGOs, supported to set up about 2,000 refugee tents in Zaatari, Jordan. There is a small parts called 'Korean villiage' in the camp. Refugees can learn 'Taekwondo', Korean martial art and can be available some education programs. Korea government said "Korea has spent $27 million for aid of refugee from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and South Sudan etc in 2015".[15][16]

In September 2015, the photos of dead 3-year-old Alan Kurdi, who drowned when he and his family were in a small inflatable boat which capsized shortly after leaving Bodrum trying to reach the Greek island of Kos, made headlines around the world. [17] South Korea was also affected by the photo of this boy. There was a small rally supported by HelpSyria, relief organization aiding refugees. 27 Syrians participated in this rally, saying 'There are Syrian refugees as well', 'Help Syria'. According to Pnancher, Christian NGO for aiding refugees There are 768 Syrian Refugees in South Korea. only 3 of Syrian asylum seekers were accepted as a refugee. 618 seekers can work in South Korea, but aren't allowed to bring their families and there is no health insurances under the status of permitted their residence on humanitarian grounds.[18]

View of international community[edit]

European migrant crisis  

About a million of migrants have been going to the European Union, across the Mediterranean Sea, or through Southeast Europe, and applying for asylum.[19] According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as of December 2015, the top three nationalities of the almost one million Mediterranean Sea arrivals since the beginning of the year are Syrian (50%), Afghan (20%) and Iraqi (7%).[20] Although European countries are actively trying to deal with this current problem, many Asian countries including South Korea are maintaining a "passive" stance. Because of geography problem, there are few migrants coming to Asian countries. South Korea has been providing financial aid of 15.25 million since 2012 for Syrian Civil War, but there is none accepted as a refugee.[12] 26 October, Vincent Piket, a EU ambassador attached in Hong Kong and Macao urged Asian countries to support work to cope with this crisis, saying "We are talking about an international problem that also requires an international response, We from the EU side are convinced that we are on the right track. ... Should others do more? Yes, I'm sure they should. Like other rich parts of the world ... will chip in, including rich countries from Asia".[21] Ban Ki-moon, Secretary General of the UN said ""this is a crisis of global solidarity. We must strengthen our global community to provide basic needs to these migrants, such as food, education, and sanitation",telling the story of himself as a refugee during the Korean conflict 60 years ago. [22]  

See also[edit]

Reference[edit]

External links[edit]

UNHCR

NANCEN, Human Right for Refugees center in South Korea

  1. ^ "한국은 난민신청 시리아인 713명 중 3명을 받아들였다(South Korea accepted 3 Syrian Refugees of 713)". Huffingtonpost Korea. 2015-09-07.
  2. ^ a b "시리아 난민 10월에만 70명 국내 입국… IS대원 잠입 우려에도 심사-관리 허술 (70 Syrian Refugees entering South Korea in October)". 동아뉴스(dongA News). 2015-11-21.
  3. ^ ""저희도 성경책 있고 BB탄 총 있는데요"". 미디어오늘(Mediatoday). 2015-11-20.
  4. ^ "South Korea: New Beacon for Refugees". Yaleglobal Online. 2013-09-12.
  5. ^ ""한국은 난민에게 인색한 나라?"…난민제도에 대한 오해와 진실(Misunderstanding and truth towards Refugees policies in South Korea)". 아시아투데이(Asiatoday). 2015-10-14.
  6. ^ "유럽의 시리아 난민 사태, 먼 나라 이야기일까(European Refugees crisis, there is no connection to Korea?)". 브레인미디어(Brainmedia). 2015-09-07.
  7. ^ "난민 신청 5년새 10배 늘었는데…인정률은 고작 0.9%(Asylum seekers has been increased to 10 times, the acceptance is only 0.9%)". 한국경제(Hankyung. 2015-09-08.
  8. ^ a b "난민 신청 100명 중 인정 5명도 안 돼, 문턱 높은 한국(less than 5% of acceptance rate as a refugee)". 평화신문. 2015-10-11.
  9. ^ "지중해 난민선처럼… 아무도 구하려 하지 않는 한국의 난민들 (There is no safety on Refugees in South Korea)". 한국일보(Hankook ilbo). 2015-05-06.
  10. ^ "S 테러 공포 확산, 한국 난민 정책에 대한 의견 분분(Controversy on Refugee policy in South Korea)". 아시아투데이(Asia Today). 2015-11-23.
  11. ^ Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (PDF), Geneva, Switzerland: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Communications and Public Information Service, 1967
  12. ^ a b "한중일 3국, 선진국이 될 수 없는 이유(The reason why South Korea, China and Japan can't become a advanced country)". 프레시안(Pressian). 2015-09-23.
  13. ^ "시리아 난민 200명 입국 "65명은 대기 중"(200 Syrian refugees entered the country, 65 are on call)". 헤럴드(Herald). 2015-11-18.
  14. ^ "국정원 "시리아 난민 200명 항공편으로 국내 유입" …난민 신청 받아들여지나? (NIS said "200 Syrian Refugees entered South Korea by flight)". 중앙일보(JoongAng Daily). 2015-11-19.
  15. ^ "개발 지원에서 난민 구호까지…세계 속 한국(Korea for helping refugees)". SBS NEWS. 2015-09-28.
  16. ^ "시리아 난민 손 잡는 한국, '난민 건강 증진' 지원 확대 (Korea government expand their aid for Syrian Refugees)". MBC NEWS. 2015-09-29.
  17. ^ Tim Arango (7 September 2015). "A New Wave of Migrants Flees Iraq, Yearning for Europe". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  18. ^ "우리 안의 '아일란' 768명, 난민 인정은 3명뿐 (768 Alan in South Korea, There are only 3 Syrian Refugees)". 중앙일보(Joongang Daily). 2015-09-14.
  19. ^ "Europe migrant crisis". BBC News. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  20. ^ "Refugees and migrants crossing the Mediterranean to Europe". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 11 September 2015.
  21. ^ "E.U. envoy pushes Asia to do more for Syria". UNCHR. 2015-10-26.
  22. ^ "Migrations: UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon tells the story of a young refugee: himself". La VOCE di New York. 2015-10-20.
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