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User:SkyFlubbler/sandbox/Pending list of largest galaxies

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This is a list of the largest known galaxies, sorted according to their maximum estimated physical diameter.

Caveats[edit]

Accurate determination of the sizes of galaxies has still been the subject of intense scientific discussion. For one, galaxies are not characterized to be having a definite boundary, but instead having a lowering concentration of stars with increasing distance from the center. Various methodologies have been utilized to account of taking the physical sizes of galaxies. One of which is by using the definition of the half-light radius, the zone where 50% of the emitted light from the galaxy is released, though various papers as well as the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database utilizes values as high as 70% or even 90%.

Technical discrepancies in the determination of the half-light radius for galaxies include as follows:

1. Galaxies which emit light at different wavelengths would create different determinations of the half-light radius. The half-light radius for galaxies which strongly emit wavelengths outside the visible spectrum would have a different measurement when taken solely via the visible light measurement. For this reason, this list covers the sizes together with color-codes representing the methodology used.

2. The largest galaxies are supergiant elliptical galaxies (cD), a classification characterized by an extensive, diiffue halo of stars that stretch far beyond the galactic nucleus, and even merge with their cluster's extragalactic stars. Because of this, the boundary at which a galaxy's radius could be defined is highly uncertain at the very least.

Galaxies with diameters 500 kly or greater
Galaxy name/designation Major axis diameter (in light-years) Minor axis diameter (in light years) Redshift Comoving distance
(in millions of light-years) 		Apparent visible magnitude Morphology Estimation
method 		Link for object Reference for estimation method
UGC 568 2,541,000 2,084,000 0.0457 597.5 14.29 S0/Sd 2MASS K-band total mag NED [1]
ESO 539-13 NED03 (ESO 539-G 013 NED03) 1,128,000 1,128,000 0.0540 709.7 16 E 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [2]
ESO 383-76 (ESO 383-G 076) 1,125,000 562,600 0.0386 528.7 13.01 cD5; E5; BrClG 90% total B-light NED [3]
ESO 306-17 (ESO 306-G 017) 992,800 655,200 0.0358 482.4 13.33 cD3; E3 90% total B-light NED [4]
ESO 350-15 (ESO 350-G 015) 967,900 484,000 0.05 655.2 14.2 cD3; E3 90% total B-light NED [5]
ESO 409-25 (ESO 409-G 025) 953,700 591,300 0.0619 816.0 13.9 cD; E4; BrClG 90% total B-light NED [6]
ESO 253-27 (ESO 253-G 027) 791,300 538,100 0.0516 695.0 14.88 cD3; E3 90% total B-light NED [7]
ESO 541-13 (ESO 541-G 013) 780,100 608,500 0.057 750.2 13.8 cD; E3 pec 90% total B-light NED [8]
NGC 623 746,000 567,000 0.03 390.4 13.88 cD; E 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [9]
ESO 197-1 NED 03 (ESO 197-G 001 NED 03) 745,900 372,900 0.056 742.0 15.71 E 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [10]
ESO 291-9 (ESO 291-G 009) 737,800 427,900 0.0564 744.6 14.64 cD4; SA0-;BrClG 90% total B-light NED [11]
ESO 198-1 (ESO 198-G 001) 688,200 523,000 0.0643 854.9 14.36 cD4; E4 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [12]
ESO 11-4 (ESO 011-G 004) 656,700 452,900 0.0575 770.1 15.38 cD4; E4 pec 90% total B-light NED [13]
NGC 1759 652,100 587,000 0.0542 727.0 14.08 cD; E 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [14]
ESO 351-21 (ESO 351-G 021) 616,700 542,700 0.0571 754.1 15.21 SA0- 90% total B-light NED [15]
IC 5358 611,700 281,400 0.029 372.8 13.58 cD4; E4 pec 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [16]
IC 1633 609,400 469,200 0.0242 316.4 12.48 cD; E1 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [17]
ESO 552-20 (ESO 552-G 020) 608,600 353,000 0.0314 420.1 13.32 cD; E 90% total B-light NED [18]
ESO 444-46 (ESO 444- G 046) 598,200 341,000 0.047 640.9 15.23 cD4; E4; BrClG 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [19]
ESO 349-10 (ESO 349-G 010) 595,900 369,500 0.049 644.8 13.0 cD4; E4; BrClG 90% total B-light NED [20]
ESO 118-6 (ESO 118-G 006) 590,700 336,700 0.0485 648.7 15.23 cD4; E4 26.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [21]
WISEA J000150.28+010154.9 576,100 368,700 0.0861 1,138 16.0 E0 2MASS K-band total mag NED [22]
ESO 539-11 (ESO 539-G 011) 569,100 335,800 0.0529 693.7 14.9 S0 90% total B-light NED [23]
ESO 307-13 (ESO 307-G 013) 563,600 377,600 0.0466 628.2 13.5 cD3; E3; BrClG 90% total B-light NED [24]
WISEA J005939.38-181807.5 558,700 424,600 0.091 1,206 16.01 SB(s)a pec 2MASS K-band total mag NED [25]
PKS 2225-309 554,800 133,100 0.058 764.8 14.0 cD3; E3; BrClG 25.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [26]
WISEA J005700.34-004930.8 553,700 476,200 0.049 638.6 16.0 S0 25.0 mag arcsec-2 NED [27]
ESO 488-27 (ESO 488-G 027) 548,400 449,700 0.0396 798.8 13.99 cD; E1 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [28]
ESO 195-1 (ESO 195-G 001) 546,600 486,500 0.05 658.5 14.96 S0 90% total B-light NED [29]
ESO 146-28 (ESO 146-G 028) 533,400 368,000 0.0412 545.7 13.9 cD3; E3 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [30]
ESO 161-8 (ESO 161-G 008) 532,600 266,300 0.0486 655.2 13.8 cD5; E5; BrClG 90% total B-light NED [31]
ESO 306-4 (ESO 306-G 004) 519,900 260,000 0.0314 423.4 14.71 cD4; E4 pec 90% total B-light NED [32]
2MASX J12571157-1724344 517,600 393,400 0.0475 650.7 13.1 cD4; E4 2MASS K-band total mag NED [33]
ESO 424-1 (ESO 424-G 001) 511,800 373,600 0.0594 798.8 15.20 cD4; E4 pec 90% total B-light NED [34]
WISEA J222418.56-551451.7 507,200 365,200 0.079 1,051 15.83 cD3; E3 2MASS K-band total mag NED [35]
WISEA J214529.50-513625.1 506,000 182,200 0.0538 712.3 15.48 cD5; E5 pec 25.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [36]
ESO 349-1 (ESO 349-G 001) 505,600 374,200 0.0574 757.0 14.52 cD1; E1 27.0 B-mag arcsec-2 NED [37]
NGC 77 504,300 489,100 0.063 831.0 15.67 SA0- 90% total B-light NED [38]
NGC 7012 502,100 306,300 0.0293 384.5 13.65 cD4; E4 pec 90% total B-light NED [39]
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