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King of Sumer
Occupation
Activity sectors
Government

List of rulers said to have held the title[edit]

Ruler Approximated date and length of reign Succession and death details Notes and references

  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of king[a]
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of high king[b]
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of great king[c]
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of emperor[d]
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of king-emperor[e]
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of governor[f]
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of God-Emperor[g]

Early Dynastic I period (c. 2900 – c. 2700 BCE)
Dynasty of Eridu (reign: c. 2900 – c. 2882 BCE)
"After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu."
Alulim r. c. 2900 – c. 2892 BCE
(8 or 10 sars) 		Unclear succession
Alalngar r. c. 2892 – c. 2882 BCE
(3 or 10 sars) 		Unclear succession
"2 kings; they ruled for 18 sars. Then Eridu fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira."
Dynasty of Bad-tibira (r. c. 2882 – c. 2848 BCE)
En-men-lu-ana r. c. 2882 – c. 2870 BCE
(12 sars) 		Unclear succession
En-men-gal-ana r. c. 2870 – c. 2858 BCE
(8 or 18 sars) 		Unclear succession
Dumuzid r. c. 2858 – c. 2848 BCE
(10 sars) 		Unclear succession
"3 kings; they ruled for 30 sars. Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larak."
Dynasty of Larak (r. c. 2848 – c. 2830 BCE)
En-sipad-zid-ana r. c. 2848 – c. 2830 BCE
(8 or 18 sars) 		Unclear succession
"1 king; he ruled for 8 sars. Then Larak fell and the kingship was taken to Sippar."
Dynasty of Sippar (r. c. 2830 – c. 2820 BCE)
En-men-dur-ana r. c. 2830 – c. 2820 BCE
(5 sars and 5 ners or 10 sars) 		Unclear succession
"1 king; he ruled for 5 sars and 5 ners. Then Sippar fell and the kingship was taken to Shuruppak."
Dynasty of Shuruppak (r. c. 2820 – c. 2800 BCE)
Ubara-Tutu r. c. 2820 – c. 2810 BCE
(5 sars and 1 ner up to 8 or 10 sars) 		Unclear succession
Ziusudra r. c. 2810 – c. 2800 BCE
(10 or 18 sars) 		Unclear succession
"After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kish."
First dynasty of Kish (r. c. 2800 – c. 2670 BCE)
Etana r. c. 2800 BCE
(635 or 1,500 years) 		Unclear succession
Balih Uncertain
(400 or 410 years) 		Son of Etana
En-me-nuna Uncertain
(621 or 660 years) 		Unclear succession
Melem-Kish Uncertain
(900 years) 		Son of En-me-nuna
"1,560 are the years of the dynasty of En-me-nuna."
Barsal-nuna Uncertain
(1,200 years) 		Son of En-me-nuna
Zamug Uncertain
(140 years) 		Son of Barsal-nuna
Tizqar Uncertain
(305 or 1,620 years) 		Son of Zamug
Ilku Uncertain
(900 years) 		Unclear succession
Iltasadum r. c. 2750 BCE
(1,200 years) 		Unclear succession
Enmebaragesi r. c. 2750 – c. 2700 BCE
(900 years) 		Unclear succession
Aga r. c. 2700 – c. 2670 BCE
(625 years) 		Son of Enmebaragesi
"1,525 are the years of the dynasty of Enmebaragesi. 23 kings; they ruled for 24,510 years, 3 months, and 3½ days. Then Kish was defeated and the kingship was taken to Eanna."
Early Dynastic II period (c. 2700 – c. 2600 BCE)
First dynasty of Uruk (r. c. 2670 – c. 2510 BCE)
Gilgamesh r. c. 2670 – c. 2650 BCE
(126 years) 		He may have been the son of Lugalbanda
Ur-Nungal r. c. 2650 – c. 2620 BCE
(30 years) 		Son of Gilgamesh
Udul-kalama r. c. 2620 – c. 2605 BCE
(15 years) 		Son of Ur-Nungal
La-ba'shum r. c. 2605 – c. 2596 BCE
(9 years) 		Unclear succession
Early Dynastic IIIa period (c. 2600 – c. 2500 BCE)
First dynasty of Uruk (r. c. 2670 – c. 2510 BCE)
En-nun-tarah-ana r. c. 2596 – c. 2588 BCE
(8 years) 		Unclear succession
Mesh-he r. c. 2588 – c. 2552 BCE
(36 years) 		Unclear succession
Melem-ana r. c. 2552 – c. 2546 BCE
(6 or 900 years) 		Unclear succession
Lugal-kitun r. c. 2546 – c. 2510 BCE
(36 or 420 years) 		Unclear succession
"12 kings; they ruled for 2,310 (or 3,588) years. Then Uruk was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ur."
First dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2485 BCE)
Meskiagnun I r. c. 2485 BCE
(36 years) 		He may have been the son of Mesannepada
"4 kings; they ruled for 171 years. Then Ur was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan."
Dynasty of Awan (r. c. 2450 BCE)
Kul[...] r. c. 2450 BCE
(36 years) 		Unclear succession
"3 kings; they ruled for 356 years. Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kish."
Second dynasty of Kish (r. c. 2430 BCE)
Lugalngu r. c. 2430 BCE
(360 or 420 years) 		Unclear succession
"8 kings; they ruled for 3,195 (or 3,792) years. Then Kish was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi."
Dynasty of Hamazi (r. c. 2430 BCE)
Hadanish r. c. 2430 BCE
(7, 360, or 420 years) 		Unclear succession
Mesannepada r. c. 2425 – c. 2420 BCE
(80 years) 		He may have been the son of Meskalamdug
Lugalkinishedudu r. c. 2400 – c. 2375 BCE
(120 years) 		Unclear succession
Enshakushanna r. c. 2350 – c. 2340 BCE
(60 years) 		He may have been the son of Elulu
Lugalzagesi r. c. 2340 – c. 2316 BCE
(25 or 34 years) 		Unclear succession

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Sumerian: 𒈗, romanized: lugal; transliterated: lú.gal; lugal; lit. 'big man'.
  2. ^ The Sumerian king list (SKL) is a regnal list that records up to 139 kings said to have held the kingship (Sumerian: 𒉆𒈗, romanized: nam-lugal) over all of Sumer (Sumerian: 𒆠𒂗𒄀, romanized: kién-g̃i(-r)).
  3. ^ Sumerian: 𒉺𒋼𒋛, romanized: lugal kiški; transliterated: lugal kiški.
  4. ^ Sumerian: 𒈗𒌦𒈠, romanized: lugal kalam-ma; transliterated: lugal kalam.ma.
  5. ^ Sumerian: 𒂗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒈗𒌦, romanized: én kién-g̃i(-r) lugal kalam
  6. ^ Sumerian: 𒉺𒋼𒋛, lit. 'énsí'; transliterated: pa.te.si; ensi₂; lit. 'lord of the plowland'.
  7. ^ [] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Lang}}: no text (help): no text (help)

Citations[edit]

Sources[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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