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List of rulers

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# Depiction or inscription Ruler Reigned from Reigned until Succession and death Notes and references
Old Elamite period (c. 2700 – c. 1500 BC)
Sargonic dynasty at Susa (r. c. 2334 – c. 2280 BC)

  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumerian title for governor
  Denotes a ruler described with the Sumerian title for military governor
  Denotes a ruler with the Sumerian title for grand vizier (sukkalmah)
  Denotes a ruler with the Sumerian title for vizier (sukkal)
  Denotes a ruler with both of the Sumerian titles for grand vizier and vizier

1st Sargon c. 2334 BC c. 2279 BC Son of La'ibum
Epirmupi Uncertain Unclear succession [a]
Ili-ishmani Uncertain Unclear succession [b]
Awan dynasty (r. c. 2280 – c. 2100 BC)
11th Khita c. 2280 BC c. 2250 BC Unclear succession [c]
12th Puzur-Inshushinak c. 2100 BC Unclear succession [d]
Third dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2100 – c. 2004 BC)
1st Ur-Nammu c. 2112 BC c. 2095 BC He may have conquered Susa shortly after the death of Puzur-Inshushinak
2nd Shulgi c. 2095 BC c. 2047 BC Son of Ur-Nammu
Shimashki dynasty (r. c. 2004 – c. 1973 BC)
6th Kindattu c. 2027 BC c. 2001 BC Son of Tan-Ruhurater I [e]
7th Idaddu I c. 1980 BC He may have been the son of Kindattu or Pepi [1]
8th Tan-Ruhurater II c. 1965 BC Son of Indattu-Inshushinnak II [1]
10th Idaddu II Uncertain Unclear succession [1]
11th Idaddu-napir Uncertain Unclear succession [1]
Epartid dynasty (r. c. 1973 – c. 1894 BC)
1st Eparti II c. 1973 BC Unclear succession [2]
2nd Shilhaha Uncertain Son of Eparti II [2]
3rd Kuk-Nashur I Uncertain Son of Shilhaha [2]
4th Atta-hushu Uncertain These two may have been sons of Kuk-Nashur I [2]
5th Tetep-Mada Uncertain [2]
Sukkalmah dynasty (r. c. 1894 – c. 1500 BC)
3rd Palar-Ishshan Uncertain Unclear succession [2]
4th Kuk-Sanit Uncertain He may have been the son of Palar-Ishshan [2]
5th Kuk-Kirwash Uncertain Son of Lan-Kuku
Nephew of Palar-Ishshan
[2]
6th Tem-Sanit Uncertain Sons of Kuk-Kirwash [2]
7th Kuk-Nahhunte Uncertain [2]
11th Shirukduh c. 1790 BC Uncertain Unclear succession [2]
12th Shimut-Wartash I Uncertain Sons of Shirukduh [2]
13th Siwe-Palar-Khuppak c. 1778 BC c. 1745 BC [2]
14th Kuduzulush I Uncertain Unclear succession [1]
15th Kutir-Nahhunte I Uncertain These four may have been sons of Kuduzulush I [1]
? Atta-Merra-Halki Uncertain [2]
? Tata II Uncertain [2]
? Lila-Irtash Uncertain [2]
? Temti-Agun Uncertain Son of Kutir-Nahhunte I [1]
? Kutir-Shilhaha Uncertain Son of Temti-Agun [1]
? Kuk-Nashur II Uncertain He may have been the son of Kuk-Nahhunte [1]
? Temti-Raptash Uncertain Son of Kutir-Shilhaha [2]
? Shirtuh Uncertain Sons of Kuk-Nashur III [2]
? Shimut-Wartash II Uncertain [2]
? Kuduzulush II Uncertain Son of Shimut-Wartash II [1]
? Tan-Uli Uncertain Unclear succession [1]
? Temti-Halki Uncertain Sons of Tan-Uli [2]
? Kuk-Nashur III c. 1646 BC Uncertain [1]
? Kuk-Nashur IV Uncertain [1]
30th Kutik-Matlat c. 1500 BC [3]
Middle Elamite period (c. 1500 – c. 1100 BC)
Kidinuid dynasty (r. c. 1500 – c. 1400 BC)
1st Kidinu c. 1500 BC Uncertain Unclear succession [2]
? Inshushinak-Sunkir-Nappipir Uncertain [2]
? Tan-Ruhurater II [2]
? Shalla [2]
5th Tepti-Ahar c. 1370 BC Uncertain [2]
Igehalkid dynasty (r. c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC)
? Ata-Halki Uncertain Unclear succession [4]
1st Igi-Halki c. 1400 BC c. 1380 BC Sons of Ata-Halki [1]
2nd Pahir-Ishshan I c. 1380 BC Uncertain [1]
3rd Attar-Kittah Uncertain c. 1350 BC [1]
4th Humban-Numena I c. 1350 BC c. 1340 BC Son of Attar-Kittah [1]
5th Untash-Napirisha c. 1340 BC c. 1300 BC Son of Humban-Numena I [1]
6th Unpahash-Napirisha Uncertain Unclear succession [1]
7th Kidin-Hutran I Uncertain Son of Pahir-Ishshan I [1]
8th Kidin-Hutran II Uncertain Son of Untash-Naprisha [1]
9th Napirisha-Untash Uncertain Son of Kidin-Hutran II [1]
? Kidin-Hutran III c. 1220 BC c. 1200 BC Unclear succession [2]
? Attar-Kittah II Uncertain
? Pahir-Ishshan II Uncertain
? Unpatar-Napirisha Uncertain Son of Pahir-Ishshan II
Shutrukid dynasty (r. c. 1200 – c. 970 BC)
? Hallutush-Inshushinak Uncertain Unclear succession [1]
1st Shutruk-Nahhunte c. 1184 BC c. 1155 BC Son of Hallutush-Inshushinak [1]
2nd Kutir-Nahhunte c. 1155 BC c. 1150 BC Sons of Shutruk-Nahhunte [1]
3rd Shilhak-Inshushinak c. 1150 BC c. 1120 BC [1]
4th Hutelutush-Inshushinak c. 1120 BC c. 1110 BC [1]
5th Shilhina-Hamru-Lakamar c. 1110 BC c. 1100 BC Son of Shilhak-Inshushinak [1]
Neo-Elamite I period (c. 1100 – c. 770 BC)
? Akshir-Shimut Uncertain Unclear succession
? Akshir-Nahhunte
? Kara-Indash
? Unknown c. 821 BC
Neo-Elamite II period (c. 770 – c. 646 BC)
Humban-Tahrid dynasty (r. c. 830 – c. 519 BC)
1st Humban-Tahrah I Uncertain Unclear succession [2]
2nd Humban-Numena II Uncertain 743 BC Unclear succession
Died 743 BC
3rd Humban-Nikash I 743 BC 717 BC Son of Humban-Tahrah I
Died 717 BC
[1]
4th Shutruk-Nahhunte II 717 BC 699 BC Son of Humban-Nikash I
Died 699 BC
[1]
5th Hallushu-Inshushinak 699 BC October
693 BC
Brother of Shutruk-Nahhunte II
Died October
693 BC
[1]
6th Kutir-Nahhunte II October
693 BC
July
692 BC
Son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
Died July
692 BC
[1]
7th Humban-Numena III July
692 BC
February
689 BC
Son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
Died February
689 BC
[1]
8th Humban-Haltash I February
689 BC
October
681 BC
He may have been the son of Humban-Numena III
Died October
681 BC
[1]
9th Humban-Haltash II October
681 BC
September
675 BC
Son of Humban-Haltash I
Died September
675 BC
[1]
10th Urtak September
675 BC
c. 664 BC Brother of Humban-Haltash II
Died 663 BC
[5]
11th Teumman c.September
653 BC
Brother of Urtak
Died c.September
653 BC
12th Humban-Nikash II Died c.September
653 BC
[1]
13th Tammaritu I Son of Urtak
Died c.September
653 BC
14th Ummanigash c. 649 BC c.July
648 BC
Unclear succession
Died c.September
653 BC
15th Indabibi Unclear succession
Died c.July
648 BC
16th Tammaritu II c.July
648 BC
c. 647 BC Son of Tammaritu I
Died c. 647 BC
17th Humban-haltash III Son of Atta-hamiti-Inshushinakhr
Died c. 647 BC
18th Humban-Nikash III c. 647 BC Son of Atta-Merra-Halki
Died c. 647 BC
19th Umhuluma Unclear succession
20th Indattu-Inshushinak IV
21st Humban-Hapua c. autumn 646 BC
22nd Pa'e
Neo-Elamite III period (c. 646 – c. 539 BC)
24th Shutur-Nahhunte I c. autumn 646 BC Unclear succession
25th Humban-Kitin Uncertain Son of Shutur-Nahhunte III
26th Humban-Tahrah II Unclear succession
27th Hallutash-Inshushinak Son of Humban-Tahrah II
28th Ummanunu I Unclear succession
29th Shilhak-Inshushinak II Son of Ummanunu I
30th Temti-Humban-Inshushinak II c. 550 BC Uncertain Son of Shilhak-Inshushinak II
31st Halkatash Uncertain c. 549 BC Unclear succession
Achaemenid period (c. 539 – c. 327 BC)
32nd Açina Uncertain 10 December
522 BC
Son of Upadrama
Died 10 December
522 BC
33rd Ummanunu II 10 December
522 BC
February
521 BC
Unclear succession
34th Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak February
521 BC
c. 519 BC Son of Hutran-Temti II
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See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Epirmupi (Sumerian: 𒂊𒉆𒈬𒉈, romanized: Epirmupi; transliterated: e.pir.mu.pil) is said to have ruled as a governor (Sumerian: 𒄊𒀴, romanized: shakkanakku; transliterated: šagina of Elam and Susa temp. Manishtushu, Naram-Suen, and/or Sharkalisharri of Akkad (Potts 1999, p. 100).
  2. ^ Ili-ishmani (Sumerian: 𒉌𒉌𒅖𒈠𒉌, romanized: Ili-ishmani; transliterated: i₃.li₂..ma.ni) is said to have ruled as a governor of Elam and Susa temp. Manishtushu, Naram-Suen, and/or Sharkalisharri of Akkad (Potts 1999, p. 100).
  3. ^ Khita (Sumerian: 𒄭𒋫𒀀, romanized: Ḥita; transliterated: ḥi.ta.a) is also said on the Susanian king list to have ruled as a king of Awan (Scheil 1931; Stolper 1987; Leick 2001, p. 70; Kessler 2021).
  4. ^ Puzur-Inshushinak (Linear Elamite: ; Sumerian: 𒅤𒊭𒀭𒈹𒂞, romanized: Puzur-Inšušinak; transliterated: pu.zu.r₄d šu.ši.na.k) is also said on the Susanian king list to have ruled as a king of Awan (Scheil 1931; Stolper 1987; Hansman 1985; Kessler 2021).
  5. ^ Kindattu is said to have ruled as a king of Elam temp. Ibbi-Suen (Daryaee 2012, p. 67; Edwards, Gadd & Hammond 1970, pp. 612–615; Gombert 2018).

Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Dahl 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Vallat 2011.
  3. ^ Cameron 2008.
  4. ^ Majidzadeh 2008.
  5. ^ Potts 1999, p. 269.

Sources

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Bibliography

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Journals
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Further reading
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Geography
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Language
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  • Black, Jeremy Allen; Baines, John Robert; Dahl, Jacob L.; Van De Mieroop, Marc. Cunningham, Graham; Ebeling, Jarle; Flückiger-Hawker, Esther; Robson, Eleanor; Taylor, Jon; Zólyomi, Gábor (eds.). "ETCSL: The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Faculty of Oriental Studies (revised ed.). United Kingdom. Retrieved 2022-09-23. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL), a project of the University of Oxford, comprises a selection of nearly 400 literary compositions recorded on sources which come from ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and date to the late third and early second millennia BCE.
  • Renn, Jürgen; Dahl, Jacob L.; Lafont, Bertrand; Pagé-Perron, Émilie (2022) [1998]. "CDLI: Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative" (published 1998–2022). Retrieved 2022-09-23. Images presented online by the research project Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) are for the non-commercial use of students, scholars, and the public. Support for the project has been generously provided by the Mellon Foundation, the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), the Institute of Museum and Library Services (ILMS), and by the Max Planck Society (MPS), Oxford and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); network services are from UCLA's Center for Digital Humanities.
  • Sjöberg, Åke Waldemar; Leichty, Erle; Tinney, Steve (2022) [2003]. "PSD: The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary" (published 2003–2022). Retrieved 2022-09-23. The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project (PSD) is carried out in the Babylonian Section of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology. It is funded by the NEH and private contributions. [They] work with several other projects in the development of tools and corpora. [Two] of these have useful websites: the CDLI and the ETCSL.