User:Timothy2b/sandbox GSC Eastern Europe

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Poland[edit]

Warsaw - Humid continental (Dfa)[edit]

Warsaw
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
31
 
 
−7
−12
 
 
30
 
 
−5
−11
 
 
29
 
 
1
−7
 
 
35
 
 
13
2
 
 
56
 
 
21
10
 
 
52
 
 
26
15
 
 
40
 
 
28
18
 
 
46
 
 
28
17
 
 
50
 
 
20
11
 
 
40
 
 
11
3
 
 
36
 
 
1
−5
 
 
36
 
 
−6
−11
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[1]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.2
 
 
19
10
 
 
1.2
 
 
22
12
 
 
1.1
 
 
35
20
 
 
1.4
 
 
55
36
 
 
2.2
 
 
69
50
 
 
2.1
 
 
79
60
 
 
1.6
 
 
83
64
 
 
1.8
 
 
82
62
 
 
2
 
 
68
51
 
 
1.6
 
 
52
37
 
 
1.4
 
 
33
24
 
 
1.4
 
 
22
13
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Warsaw (WAW), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4) 		10.3
(50.5) 		16.9
(62.4) 		28.4
(83.1) 		33.8
(92.8) 		38.3
(100.9) 		38.9
(102.0) 		40.0
(104.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		40.0
(104.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1) 		2.1
(35.8) 		10.6
(51.1) 		21.9
(71.4) 		28.6
(83.5) 		33.7
(92.7) 		35.2
(95.4) 		35.0
(95.0) 		27.7
(81.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		36.7
(98.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −7.0
(19.4) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		1.4
(34.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		20.8
(69.4) 		26.1
(79.0) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.7
(81.9) 		20.1
(68.2) 		10.9
(51.6) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		10.9
(51.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.5
(14.9) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		7.2
(45.0) 		15.3
(59.5) 		20.7
(69.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		22.1
(71.8) 		15.0
(59.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−8.1
(17.4) 		6.6
(43.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −12.0
(10.4) 		−11.3
(11.7) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		2.0
(35.6) 		9.8
(49.6) 		15.4
(59.7) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		10.5
(50.9) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		2.5
(36.5)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −23.5
(−10.3) 		−20.9
(−5.6) 		−14.2
(6.4) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		2.4
(36.3) 		9.7
(49.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		10.8
(51.4) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−19.7
(−3.5) 		−25.8
(−14.4)
Record low °C (°F) −38.7
(−37.7) 		−35.6
(−32.1) 		−28.6
(−19.5) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		4.8
(40.6) 		7.6
(45.7) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−23.0
(−9.4) 		−32.8
(−27.0) 		−38.7
(−37.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 31.0
(1.22) 		29.8
(1.17) 		29.0
(1.14) 		35.1
(1.38) 		55.5
(2.19) 		52.4
(2.06) 		40.1
(1.58) 		46.0
(1.81) 		50.4
(1.98) 		40.2
(1.58) 		36.0
(1.42) 		36.1
(1.42) 		481.7
(18.96)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 47.7
(18.8) 		66.5
(26.2) 		73.4
(28.9) 		11.0
(4.3) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.9
(0.4) 		16.6
(6.5) 		31.3
(12.3) 		76.1
(30.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 16.20 14.44 12.83 10.97 12.93 12.53 12.53 11.37 10.87 12.27 13.10 15.03 155.07
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 16.1 14.0 8.2 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 8.8 14.7 63.8
Average relative humidity (%) 86.8 83.6 75.8 67.6 68.3 69.3 70.9 71.6 78.9 83.6 88.5 86.6 77.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 53.5 79.8 167.3 252.1 326.9 346.6 353.3 336.2 231.7 147.1 60.7 40.3 2,395.5
Average ultraviolet index 1 1 2 4 5 6 6 5 4 2 1 0 3
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[10][11][12] Weather Atlas (UV)[13]

Czech Republic[edit]

Prague - Humid continental (Dfa)[edit]

Prague
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
26
 
 
−5
−10
 
 
22
 
 
−2
−9
 
 
31
 
 
4
−5
 
 
27
 
 
14
3
 
 
65
 
 
22
11
 
 
80
 
 
27
16
 
 
76
 
 
29
18
 
 
77
 
 
29
17
 
 
44
 
 
22
12
 
 
35
 
 
13
5
 
 
30
 
 
2
−3
 
 
30
 
 
−4
−9
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[14]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1
 
 
23
14
 
 
0.9
 
 
28
16
 
 
1.2
 
 
39
24
 
 
1.1
 
 
58
38
 
 
2.6
 
 
71
51
 
 
3.1
 
 
81
61
 
 
3
 
 
84
64
 
 
3
 
 
84
63
 
 
1.7
 
 
71
53
 
 
1.4
 
 
55
40
 
 
1.2
 
 
36
26
 
 
1.2
 
 
24
16
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Prague (1991−2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.4
(48.9) 		10.2
(50.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		26.8
(80.2) 		33.5
(92.3) 		40.9
(105.6) 		40.8
(105.4) 		40.4
(104.7) 		34.1
(93.4) 		25.0
(77.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		9.4
(48.9) 		40.9
(105.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −5.1
(22.8) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		3.9
(39.0) 		14.3
(57.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		27.1
(80.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		21.6
(70.9) 		12.9
(55.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		12.5
(54.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.6
(18.3) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		8.8
(47.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		21.6
(70.9) 		22.4
(72.3) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		8.8
(47.8) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		8.0
(46.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		3.3
(37.9) 		10.5
(50.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.4
(63.3) 		11.5
(52.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		3.8
(38.8)
Record low °C (°F) −35.5
(−31.9) 		−35.1
(−31.2) 		−33.6
(−28.5) 		−10
(14) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		4.9
(40.8) 		9.7
(49.5) 		9.4
(48.9) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−22.9
(−9.2) 		−32.8
(−27.0) 		−35.6
(−32.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25.8
(1.02) 		21.8
(0.86) 		31.4
(1.24) 		26.8
(1.06) 		65.1
(2.56) 		79.7
(3.14) 		75.9
(2.99) 		77.3
(3.04) 		44.2
(1.74) 		35.4
(1.39) 		30.0
(1.18) 		29.7
(1.17) 		543.1
(21.39)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 37.9
(14.9) 		35.9
(14.1) 		20.3
(8.0) 		1.9
(0.7) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(0.3) 		18.4
(7.2) 		35.9
(14.1) 		151.1
(59.3)
Average precipitation days 5.7 5.2 6.6 5.8 8.5 9.4 8.9 8.4 7.3 5.5 7.1 5.9 84.3
Average relative humidity (%) 86 83 77 69 70 71 70 71 76 81 87 88 77
Average dew point °C (°F) −12.6
(9.3) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		0.0
(32.0) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.5
(58.1) 		10.1
(50.2) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		1.3
(34.4)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 63.7 99.5 153.7 231.0 264.5 276.0 288.0 273.1 196.2 131.9 58.7 52.0 2,088.3
Average ultraviolet index 1 1 3 4 6 7 6 6 4 2 1 1 4
Source: Meteostat[15]

Hungary[edit]

Budapest - Humid continental (Dfa)[edit]

Budapest
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
37
 
 
−4
−9
 
 
29
 
 
−1
−8
 
 
30
 
 
6
−2
 
 
42
 
 
16
6
 
 
62
 
 
23
13
 
 
63
 
 
28
17
 
 
45
 
 
30
19
 
 
49
 
 
30
19
 
 
40
 
 
23
13
 
 
39
 
 
15
7
 
 
53
 
 
4
−2
 
 
43
 
 
−3
−8
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[16]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.5
 
 
25
15
 
 
1.1
 
 
29
18
 
 
1.2
 
 
42
28
 
 
1.7
 
 
61
43
 
 
2.4
 
 
73
55
 
 
2.5
 
 
82
63
 
 
1.8
 
 
85
66
 
 
1.9
 
 
85
66
 
 
1.6
 
 
73
56
 
 
1.5
 
 
59
44
 
 
2.1
 
 
39
29
 
 
1.7
 
 
26
17
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches


Climate data for Budapest, 1991–2020
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.1
(50.2) 		11.7
(53.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		34.0
(93.2) 		40.5
(104.9) 		41.7
(107.1) 		40.4
(104.7) 		35.2
(95.4) 		28.8
(83.8) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.3
(52.3) 		41.7
(107.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.9
(25.0) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		5.8
(42.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		22.9
(73.2) 		27.6
(81.7) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.6
(85.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		16.8
(62.2) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		13.9
(57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		1.7
(35.1) 		11.3
(52.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		22.4
(72.3) 		24.3
(75.7) 		24.2
(75.6) 		18.0
(64.4) 		10.7
(51.3) 		1.2
(34.2) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		9.5
(49.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.2
(15.4) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		6.3
(43.3) 		12.6
(54.7) 		17.2
(63.0) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		13.2
(55.8) 		6.6
(43.9) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		5.3
(41.6)
Record low °C (°F) −33.6
(−28.5) 		−31.4
(−24.5) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.9
(44.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−22.4
(−8.3) 		−28.8
(−19.8) 		−33.6
(−28.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37
(1.5) 		29
(1.1) 		30
(1.2) 		42
(1.7) 		62
(2.4) 		63
(2.5) 		45
(1.8) 		49
(1.9) 		40
(1.6) 		39
(1.5) 		53
(2.1) 		43
(1.7) 		532
(20.9)
Average precipitation days 7.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 8.6 8.7 7.2 6.9 5.9 5.3 7.8 7.2 84
Average relative humidity (%) 79 74 66 59 61 61 59 61 67 72 78 80 68.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62 93 137 177 234 250 271 255 187 141 69 52 1,988
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 6 7 7 6 4 3 1 1 4
Source: Average temperatures 1991-2020: OMSZ - Hungarian Meteorological Service.[17]

Ukraine[edit]

Kyiv - Humid continental (Dfa)[edit]

Kyiv
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
38
 
 
−9
−14
 
 
40
 
 
−7
−13
 
 
40
 
 
1
−7
 
 
42
 
 
13
4
 
 
65
 
 
22
12
 
 
73
 
 
28
18
 
 
68
 
 
30
20
 
 
56
 
 
29
19
 
 
57
 
 
21
12
 
 
46
 
 
11
3
 
 
46
 
 
−1
−6
 
 
47
 
 
−8
−12
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[20]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.5
 
 
16
8
 
 
1.6
 
 
19
9
 
 
1.6
 
 
33
20
 
 
1.7
 
 
55
39
 
 
2.6
 
 
72
53
 
 
2.9
 
 
82
64
 
 
2.7
 
 
85
67
 
 
2.2
 
 
84
66
 
 
2.2
 
 
70
53
 
 
1.8
 
 
52
38
 
 
1.8
 
 
31
22
 
 
1.9
 
 
19
11
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Kyiv (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6) 		9.3
(48.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		28.2
(82.8) 		34.6
(94.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		42.4
(108.3) 		42.3
(108.1) 		34.8
(94.6) 		26.0
(78.8) 		17.2
(63.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		42.4
(108.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		0.5
(32.9) 		13.0
(55.4) 		22.1
(71.8) 		27.6
(81.7) 		29.5
(85.1) 		28.9
(84.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		10.8
(51.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −11.2
(11.8) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		8.0
(46.4) 		16.8
(62.2) 		22.5
(72.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.5
(74.3) 		15.9
(60.6) 		6.6
(43.9) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−9.8
(14.4) 		6.6
(43.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.5
(7.7) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		3.7
(38.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		19.7
(67.5) 		18.7
(65.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−11.9
(10.6) 		3.0
(37.4)
Record low °C (°F) −40.9
(−41.6) 		−40.2
(−40.4) 		−30.9
(−23.6) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.8
(47.8) 		6.3
(43.3) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−19.8
(−3.6) 		−27.9
(−18.2) 		−38.0
(−36.4) 		−40.9
(−41.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5) 		40
(1.6) 		40
(1.6) 		42
(1.7) 		65
(2.6) 		73
(2.9) 		68
(2.7) 		56
(2.2) 		57
(2.2) 		46
(1.8) 		46
(1.8) 		47
(1.9) 		618
(24.3)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 55
(22) 		71
(28) 		77
(30) 		13
(5.1) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		18
(7.1) 		37
(15) 		79
(31)
Average rainy days 0 0 4 13 14 15 14 11 14 12 5 0 102
Average snowy days 21 21 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 19 86
Average relative humidity (%) 82.7 80.1 74.0 64.3 62.0 67.5 68.3 66.9 73.5 77.4 84.6 85.6 73.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 50 77 134 194 308 328 344 302 227 148 61 37 2,210
Average ultraviolet index 1 1 2 4 6 7 6 6 4 2 1 1 3
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net,[21] Central Observatory for Geophysics (extremes),[22][23] World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[24]
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1931–1960)[25] and Weather Atlas[26]

Russia[edit]

Rostov-on-Don - Humid continental (Dfa)[edit]

Rostov
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
58
 
 
−2
−7
 
 
48
 
 
−1
−7
 
 
50
 
 
6
−2
 
 
38
 
 
15
4
 
 
58
 
 
21
9
 
 
59
 
 
26
14
 
 
50
 
 
28
16
 
 
43
 
 
28
16
 
 
43
 
 
21
10
 
 
48
 
 
13
5
 
 
51
 
 
5
−2
 
 
58
 
 
−1
−6
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA[27]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.3
 
 
28
19
 
 
1.9
 
 
31
19
 
 
2
 
 
42
28
 
 
1.5
 
 
58
39
 
 
2.3
 
 
70
49
 
 
2.3
 
 
78
57
 
 
2
 
 
83
61
 
 
1.7
 
 
82
60
 
 
1.7
 
 
70
50
 
 
1.9
 
 
56
40
 
 
2
 
 
40
29
 
 
2.3
 
 
31
22
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Rostov-on-Don (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		24.0
(75.2) 		31.6
(88.9) 		33.6
(92.5) 		36.4
(97.5) 		38.2
(100.8) 		38.1
(100.6) 		36.1
(97.0) 		29.0
(84.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.5
(61.7) 		38.2
(100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −2.1
(28.2) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		5.8
(42.4) 		14.7
(58.5) 		20.9
(69.6) 		25.5
(77.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.6
(81.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		4.6
(40.3) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		13.2
(55.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		15.0
(59.0) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.0
(71.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		8.3
(47.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.1
(39.4) 		9.3
(48.7) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		10.1
(50.2) 		4.5
(40.1) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		4.1
(39.4)
Record low °C (°F) −33.9
(−29.0) 		−32.9
(−27.2) 		−30.1
(−22.2) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−27.1
(−16.8) 		−30.5
(−22.9) 		−33.9
(−29.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 58
(2.3) 		48
(1.9) 		50
(2.0) 		38
(1.5) 		58
(2.3) 		59
(2.3) 		50
(2.0) 		43
(1.7) 		43
(1.7) 		48
(1.9) 		51
(2.0) 		58
(2.3) 		604
(23.8)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 30
(12) 		37
(15) 		16
(6.3) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		4
(1.6) 		20
(7.9) 		41
(16)
Average rainy days 2 3 8 13 14 13 11 9 10 11 12 4 110
Average snowy days 18 17 10 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 1 8 16 71.1
Average relative humidity (%) 84 81 76 66 63 64 61 59 67 75 84 86 72
Mean monthly sunshine hours 64 82 128 189 265 286 314 293 240 159 64 38 2,122
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[28]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[29]
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  2. ^ "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
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  5. ^ "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  9. ^ "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
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  12. ^ "WARSZAWA Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
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  28. ^ "Погода и Климат – Климат Ростова-на-Дону" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 8 November 2021.
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