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User:Tintero21/Chronographia of Kodinos

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The chrogoraphia of Pseudo-Kodinos[edit]

Arguably the last Byzantine universal chronicle, as well as the latest example of a list of emperors made by the Byzantine themselves. The text is filled with corruptions; for a comparison of the different manuscripts see the chronike 14 in Kleinchroniken. A German translation of the period 842–1204 (emperors Michael III to Alexios V) is given in Kleinchroniken vol. 3. The editio princeps was published by Peter Lambeck in 1729 (see here) and was later published in 1843 as part of the Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (vol. 15) and in 1866 as part of the Patrologia Graeca (vol. 157).

Chronicle about the years since the creation of the world until the reign of Constantine the Great's empire, and about those who ruled in the Queen of cities until it was captured by the Hagarenes.

  • From Adam to the flood there are 2242 years.
  • From the flood to the building of the Tower are 525 years.
  • From the building of the Tower to Abraham there are 530 years.
  • From Abraham to the exodus of the children of Israel from Egypt are 430 years.
  • From the exodus to the building of Solomon's Temple there are 700 years.
  • From the building of the Temple to the captivity of the Israelites there are 424 years.
  • From the captivity to Alexander the Macedonian there are 318 years.
  • From Alexander to the descent of Christ there are 331 years.
  • In total, until the time when Christ assumed human nature, there are 5500 years.[1]
  • It should be known that the salvific crucifixion of our Lord Jesus Christ took place in the year of the world 5534,[2] in the 18th solar cycle, on the fifth day of the moon, on a Friday, at the ninth hour, in the 18th year of Emperor Tiberius.[3]
  • And from Christ to Constantine the Great there are 325 years.[4] In total, from the creation of the world to Constantine the Great there are 5825 years.

Then follows the list of emperors.

  1. Constantine the Great took power in the aforementioned year 5825, and in the 12th year of his reign he built Constantinople. He ruled both Rome and Constantinople for 33 years.[5]
  2. Constantius, his son, reigned 24 years and 11 days.[6]
  3. Julian the Apostate, profane and opposed to God, ruled 2 years and 5 days.[7]
  4. Valentinian, pious and devotee, with
  5. Valens, the impious and arian; they ruled 14 years.[8]
  6. Gratian, son of the aforementioned Valentinian, ruled 16 years.[9]
  7. Theodosius the Great, a native of Spain, most pious and hater of evil, ruled for 17 years.[10]
  8. Arcadius and Honorius, his children, ruled 13 years.[11]
  9. Theodosius the Younger, the Calligrapher, son of Arcadius, most pious and lover of virtue, ruled 42 years.[12]
  10. Marcian, elected by God, full of all virtues, ruled 6 years and a half.[13]
  11. Leo the Butcher, pious and devotee, ruled 18 years.[14]
  12. Leo the Younger, his grandson, son of Zeno, ruled 1 year.[15]
  13. Zeno the Kneecapless,[16] the father of Leo the Younger, reigned 2 years ½ and 24 days.[17]
  14. Basiliscus ruled 2 years and 8 months.[18]
    • Zeno once more ruled 2 years and 15 days.[19]
  15. Anastasius Dicorus, former silentiarius, reigned 27 years, 4 months and 3 days. He was a heretic and was burned by lightning.[20]
  16. Justin the Thracian, powerful, pious and generous, reigned 5 years.[21]
  17. Justinian the Great, his nephew from his sister, the founder of the Great Church, ruled 38 years ½.[22]
  18. Justin, former kouropalates, Justin's nephew from his brother, the most just, ruled 13 years.[23]
  19. Tiberius the Thracian ruled 5 years.[24]
  20. Mauricie, his son-in-law, most pious and honest, reigned 20 years and 4 months.[25]
  21. Phocas the Cappadocian, a bloodthirsty and impious tyrant, reigned 8 years ½ and 8 days.[26]
  22. Heraclius, the strategos of Africa, ruled 30 years.[27]
  23. Constantine, his son, ruled 1 year.[28]
  24. Constantine, the grandson of Heraclius, impious and murderous, ruled 27 years.[29]
  25. Constantine the Bearded, his son, from Dyrrhachium, the most pious and gentlest, ruled 17 years.[30]
  26. Justinian the Slit-Nosed, the son of Constantine the Bearded, impetuous and tyrannical in spirit, ruled 10 years.[32]
  27. Leontius ruled 3 years[33]
  28. Apsimar, also Tiberius, ruled 7 years.[34]
    • Justinian again ruled 6 years.[35]
  29. Philippicus, also Bardanes, ungodly impure and criminal, ruled 2 years.[36]
  30. Anastasius, also Artemius, most pious, protosecretarius and a philosopher, ruled 2 years.[37]
  31. Theodosius of Adramyttium, most pious, protosecretarius and merciful, ruled 1 year.[33]
  32. Leo Konon the Isaurian, born impure, an enemy of God and the saints, ruled 24 years ½ and 5 days.[38]
  33. Constantine the Dug-Named, his impure and impious son, who died eaten by worms, ruled 34 years.[39]
  34. Leo of Khazaria, his son, profane and abominable, ruled 5 years.[40]
  35. Constantine, the son of Leo and Irene, who was blinded by his mother, ruled 16 years.[41]
  36. Irene alone ruled 5 years.[42]
  37. Nikephoros of Seleucia, merciful, just, former logothete, ruled 9 years.[43]
  38. Staurakios, his son, ruled 1 year and 4 months.[44]
  39. Michael Rangabe, son-in-law of Nikephoros, honest and pious, ruled 2 years.[45]
  40. Leo of Armenia, impious and fierce, with his son Constantine, ruled 7 years and 5 months.[46]
  41. Michael the Stammerer, the Armenian, mad, foolish and a hater of images; with his son Theophilos, ruled 8 years and 3 months.[47]
  42. Theophilos, his son, ruled 12 years and 3 months.[48]
  43. Michael the Drunkard, his son, with his most pious and orthodox mother Theodora, ruled 15 years,[49] then he ruled for 10 years.[50] His reign began in the year 6349.[51][52]
  44. Basil the Macedonian, who was made emperor in the year 6374,[54] ruled alone for 19 years.[55]
  45. Leo the Wise, his son, ruled from the year 6397[56] alongside
  46. Alexander; they ruled 27 years and 8 months.[57]
  47. Constantine the first Porphyrogennetos, son of Leo the Wise, reigned with his mother for 8 years, from the year 6422.[58]
  48. Romanos the Elder, the son of Abastaktos Lekapenos; father-in-law of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, ruled with him and his sons for 26 years.[59]
    • This Romanos was created emperor on the 11th of December, indiction 8, in the year 6428.[60] After ruling 2 years, that is, in the 1st indiction, year 6430,[61] he published a law (novel) concercning the right of pre-emption (Περὶ προτιμήσεως). In the 2nd indiction, year 6437,[62] issued a new law concerning the powerful individuals (dynatoi) inheriting the assets of the poor, which also references the great famine of the 1st indiction. Emperor Constantine confirmed the same law in the 5th indiction, year 6455.[63] The remaining 18 years,[64] which the Dekapolitan mentions, are counted from the 1st indiction of the year 6437;[65] from the 1st indiction of the year 6430, or the time of the famine, to which this constitution also refers, until the reign of Emperor Constantine.[66]
    • Constantine Porphyrogennetos, again, ruled with Stephen and Constantine, who were deposed and exiled. Therefore, as aforesaid, Constantine Porphyrogennetos reigned with his mother 7 years, again with Stephen and Constantine, his wife's brothers, for 42 days,[67] and alone with his son Romanos beginning in the 3rd indiction, year 6437, ruling 15 years and 19 days.[68]
  49. Lord Romanos the Younger, his son, together with his sons Basil and Constantine Porphyrogenitus, who were children, ruled for 3 years and 4 months.[69]
  50. Nikephoros Phokas, who was killed by Tzimiskes, ruled for 6 years.[70]
  51. John Tzimiskes, 6 years and 1 month.[71]
  52. Lord Basil Porphyrogennetos reigned with his brother Constantine Porphyrogenitus for 52 years and 11 months.[72] Of course, Lord Basil ruled 50 years and was succeeded by his brother, who ruled 2 years and 11 months.[73]
  53. Constantine Porphyrogennetos, his brother, ruled 2 years and 11 months.
  54. Romanos Argyropoulos with Zoe, daughter of the aforesaid Constantine, ruled 5 years and 6 months.[74]
  55. Michael the Paphlagonian was called to rule by the same Zoe in 6541; he ruled for 7 years and 9 months.[75]
  56. Michael the Caulker, his nephew, was made caesar in Sicily and then reigned 4 months and 19 days.[76] Rejected by this government, he took refuge in the Monastery of Stoudios, and was dragged from there by the people and blinded at Sicily by the commander Nikephoros.[77]
  57. Lady Zoe and Lady Zoe, the sisters augustae, ruled alone for 3 months.[78]
  58. They sought Constantine Monomachos, who was in exile in the island of Mitylene; Zoe married him and made him emperor on the 11th of June, 10th indiction, year 6550. He ruled 13 years and 7 months.[79]
  59. Lady Theodora Porphyrogenita reigned alone for 1 year, 8 months and 20 day;[80] afterwards he declared the old Lord Michael the Stratiotikos emperor, and lived with him for 5 days, but died on the 22nd of August of the 9th indiction, in year 6564.[81]
  60. Lord Michael the Old and Stratiotikos, became emperor on the 22nd of August of the 9th indiction, in the year 6564, but was deposed after having ruled 1 year and 11 days.[82]
  61. Lord Isaak Komnenos ruled with his wife Catherine for 2 years, 2 months and 24 days.[83]
  62. Lord Constantine Doukas ruled 7 years and 6 months.[84]
  63. Lord Romanos Diogenes and Eudokia ruled 3 years and 8 months.[88]
    • He attacked the Persians in several campaigns, but in the third he himself was captured by the Sultan of the Turks. Michael Doukas was made emperor in his place, and together with his mother Euokia ruled for 1 month. Afterwards, however, he pushed her into a monastery and ruled alone.
  64. Thus ruled Lord Michael Doukas, the son of L. Constantine and L. Eudokia, with his wife Maria for 6 years ½.[89] Then, by the betrayal of his wife, he was deposed by Botaneiates and was exiled to the Monastery of Stoudios. After this he became the metropolitan of Ephesus.
  65. Lord Nikephoros Botaneiates ruled 3 years ½.[90] His rule ended on the 1st of April, 4th indiction, 6589.[91] He was confined in the Monastery of Deipara, called the Admirable.
  66. Lord Alexios Komnenos, powerful and blessed one, ruled for 37 years and 4 months. He died on the 15th of August, on the Day of Assumption, indiction 11, year 6626.[92]
  67. Lord John Komnenos Porphyrogennetos, his son, became emperor on the 15th of August, indiction 11, year 6656, and ruled 24 years, 7 months and 23 days.[92]
  68. Lord Manuel Porphyrogenitus became emperor on the 1st of April and ruled 37 years, 5 months and 23 days.[93] He died on the 24th of September, indiction 14, year 6689, at the third hour, after becoming a monk and changing his name to Matthew.[92]
  69. Alexios Komnenos Porphyrogennetos, his most beautiful son, was born on the 10th of September, indiction 3, year 6678, his 28th year.[94]
    • He was crowned by his father in the 5th indiction, year 6680. On the 17th of September, 10th indiction, year 6685, Manuel Komnenos was defeated. On the 2nd of March, on Sunday, Lord Alexius married Lady Anna, the daughter of the noble king of France, in the presence of of Lord Theodosios, patriarch of Antioch. Of course, on the 24th of September, 14th indiction, year 6689, at the third hour, his father went to heaven.[92] The emperor ruled piously with his mother, the Lady Maria, who, after assuming the monastic order, was named "Xene" or peregrina. He then ruled with Lord Andronikos Komnenos, protosebastos and protovestiarios, for 1 year, 11 months and 3 days.[95]
  70. The tyrant Andronikos put the poor Lady (Maria) to death and ruled as he wished for 1 year, 11 month and 24 days, until he finally strangled Alexios Porphyrogennetos and ruled alone for 1 year, 10 months and 10 days.[96]
    • He went to the Great Palace with his guards, some relatives and the patriarch himself, Lord Basil Kamateros, and there he took power. Andronikos, although he had put himself to flight, was hindered by the force of adverse winds, and was caught in the great sea of Pontus, and he suffered what he himself he made others suffer; it was not fitting for Christians and Romans to act.
  71. Lord Isaac Angelos then ruled for 9 years.[97]
    • During his time, the war of the Wallachians and Bulgarians against the Roman Christians began in Zagorje, in which every soul was taken away by plundering, and almost the entire western region was devastated. But the Romans eventually launched an expedition against them, assembling a moderate army. However, they once more proceeded with their usual laziness and timidity, as when they arrived at at Cypsela, the emperor's brother Lord Alexius, having won for himself the favor of the army and of some of those who were in charge of him, began to accuse his brother of those things which he himself, after he had obtained the throne, had committed much more, and having been proclaimed emperor, he occupied the throne without much trouble. Hearing this, the emperor Isaac, who had gone hunting, attempted to flee.
  72. Lord Alexios reigned for 7 years.[98]
    • For the emperor lived like Sardanapalus, neither he nor his ministers were focused on military discipline or governance. Many regions and camps in the west and along the coast fell under the control of the Wallachians and the Cumans. Numerous places were completely occupied by Ioannitsa, and finally, the Queen of cities herself, Constantinople, which remained the only stronghold under the emperor's power, was betrayed to the Latins through his shameful and useless flight. For when his nephew, Lord Alexios, the son of Lord Isaac, who had fled to Germany to marry his sister to Philip, gathered troops from all sides and returned with a large fleet of Latins to fight for his stolen throne. At first, it seemed that the emperor would continue the war against the Latins. However, eventually, during the night, he fled like a slave for sale.
  73. Lord Alexios, his nephew, entered the palace of Blachernae at night and was proclaimed emperor alongside his father Isaac; they ruled 5 months.[99] On an assembly at the Great Church, the crowd made Lord Nicholas Kanabos their emperor, but he only remained in sorrow at the church for a few days. Lord Alexios was deposed after this, and in his place Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos was made emperor. A little after, Kanabos was captured and Alexios was saluted at the palace;
  74. Lord Alexios Doukas ruled 2 months.[100]
    • Then the Latins began to besiege Constantinople, once the Queen of cities, more seriously and more openly, and soon the it was too late. The city was captured and the emperor was reduced to slavery and all sorts of miseries: for the sacred things were profaned, and the holy images were trampled upon, and the temples consecrated to God were changed into stables for horses, and to sum up everything, the daughter of Zion is forsaken as a booth in the vineyard and as a hut in the cucumber, empty of all good and filled with all miseries.
  75. Theodore Laskaris, a noble and powerful man, and his successors until the first Palaiologos Lord Michael, having been driven away by the Latins, set up the seat of their empire in Asia, in the region of Constantinople. Theodore Laskaris ruled for 19 years.[101]
  76. Lord Theodore Laskaris the Second, his son Porphyrogennetos, ruled for 3 years ½.[102]
  77. Michael the first Palaiologos succeeded him and expelled the Latins from Constantinople, restoring it to its former splendor. He reigned 24 years, 2 months and 20 days.[103]
  78. Andronikos, his son, most pious and of incomparable spirit, ruled 45 years and 6 months.[104]
  79. Michael, his son, the second of that name from the Palaiologioi, in name and in fact emperor himself, reigned for 13 years and 22 days.[105]
  80. Andronikos Porphyrogennitos, his son, a compendium of graces, ruled 31 years and 3 months.[106]
  81. Manuel (John) Porphyrogennitos, his son, the flower of soldiers and the honor of emperors, ruled 41 years.[107]
  82. John Kantakouzenos, who later became a monk under the name Joasaph, ruled 14 years.[108]
  83. Manuel the Second, son of John Porphyrogennitos, ruled 12 years, 4 months and 25 days.[110]
  84. John, the third of that name, the son of Manuel Porphyrogennetos, who convened the Council of Florence and was forced to incline to the Latins together with the Lord Mark himself, the metropolitan of Ephesus. He ruled 23 years, 3 months and 10 days.[111]
  85. Constantine, the last of the Palaiologoi, the brother of John Porphyrogennetos, the most just, was first the lord of the whole Peloponnese. After the death of his brother John, he was raised to the rulership of the empire; he ruled 4 years and 5 months.[112]
    • Under this emperor, in the year 6961,[113][114] Constantinople was attacked by the impious Hagarenes, and she who had previously been the "Queen of all cities" was taken into the hands of the enemy. The emperor himself, together with almost all the nobles, was slain by them during the desolation of the city, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, since he would neither betray the emperor's palace to the wicked, nor escape the danger, even though he could.
  1. ^ Kodinos' calculations makes no sense. He dates the birth of Jesus to AM 5500, but this dating was already obsolete by his own time. The actual beginning of the Anno Mundi was September 5509 BC, i.e. January AD 1 = AM 5509, and September AD 1 = AM 5510. Furthermore, this is the system used by Kodinos' from the reign of Michael III, afterwhich he frequently gives the year. The case of the entry for Justinian II is an even bigger mess.
  2. ^ That is, AD 34. The event is often dated to either 30 or 33. One cannot discard the possibility of inclusive counting, which could give 33 in this case.
  3. ^ That is, AD 31. Kodinos is contradicting himself, and it will not be the last time.
  4. ^ Technically correct. He became sole ruler in 324.
  5. ^ All wrong. He founded Constantinople in his 7th year, i.e. AD 330, and ruled 30 years and 10 months.
  6. ^ Almost perfect (typo); 24 years, 5 months, 11 days reckoning from Constantine's death instead of his proclamation as augustus. He only forgot the month.
  7. ^ Wrong. 1 year and 8 months lacking 7 days (or 3 years and 4 months reckoning from his proclamation in February 360).
  8. ^ Correct; more specifically 14 years, 4 months, 12 days. Kodinos, however, ignores the fact that Valentinian died three years before Valens.
  9. ^ Perfect; exactly 16 years between 24 August 367 and 25 August 383. Kodinos counts his entire tenure as augustus, even though he did not become senior emperor until 375. This is weird given that Kodinos ignores Valentinian II, probably because never truly reigned in his own right.
  10. ^ Almost correct. Theodosius ruled exactly 16 years from 19 January 379 to 17 January 395. Kodinos may have intended to say that "he died on his 17th year".
  11. ^ Correct; more precisely 13 years, 3 months, 14 days. Again, Kodinos over-simplify things. Honorius actually ruled for another 15 years and was succeded by several more Western emperors, all of whom are ignored. This is a curious trend of Byzantine writers.
  12. ^ Correct; more precisely 42 months and 3 months.
  13. ^ Correct; he ruled exactly 6 years and 5 months.
  14. ^ Close; actually 17 years lacking 20 days.
  15. ^ Correct; well, kinda. It was actually a bit less than a year.
  16. ^ Greek: άγόνατος (ságónatos). The nickname originates from the Anonymus Valesianus (II.39): "he was of even superhuman speed as a swift runner,​ since his kneepans were not attached to his knees, but moved freely."
  17. ^ Very wrong; he barely reigned 11 months and 10 days.
  18. ^ Wrong; it was 1 year and 7 months.
  19. ^ All wrong; it was 14 years and 8 months.
  20. ^ Almost correct; 27 years and 3 months lacking 2 days. The story of the lighting did not appear until several centuries after his death.
  21. ^ Wrong; it was 9 years and 23 days.
  22. ^ Correct; exactly 38 years, 7 months, 13 days.
  23. ^ Correct; it was 12 years and 11 months.
  24. ^ Wrong; it was 3 years, 10 months and 19 days.
  25. ^ Techcnially correct; 20 years, 3 months and 14 days.
  26. ^ Wrong; 7 years, 10 months and 12 days
  27. ^ Correct; 30 years, 4 months and 6 days.
  28. ^ Barely correct. He reigned 3 months and was succeded by Heraclonas, who reigned for another 9.
  29. ^ Correct; more precisely 26 years and 10 months. He refers to Constans II by his actual regnal name, not the nickname given by historians.
  30. ^ Correct; more precisely 16 years and 10 months. Often confused with his father, who was the actual Constantine the Bearded. The Heraclians were trully bad with names.
  31. ^ Complete nonense. If we follow Kodinos' earliest statement, this is AD 621, or AD 612 according to the actual Anno Mundi and Kodinos' future statements. The year referenced here can only be AM 6193 [AD 685].
  32. ^ Correct. Not a single contemporary source of this period has survived, so we don't have exact dates. This is crazy considering that even the Crisis emperors had some kind of left over that helped historians (kinda) figure out the chronology.
  33. ^ a b Correct.
  34. ^ Correct. The Greek text reads "Apsimar kai Tiberius".
  35. ^ Correct. Perhaps 6 years, 2 months and 14 days
  36. ^ Correct; more precisely 1 year and exactly 4 months.
  37. ^ Correct. Perhaps a little less.
  38. ^ Almost correct; 24 years, and 3 months lacking 7 days.
  39. ^ Correct; 34 years, 2 months and 27 days. Historians were hostile to Constantine V because of his iconoclasm.
  40. ^ Correct; 5 years lacking 6 days.
  41. ^ Correct, but barely. It was 17 years lacking 20 days.
  42. ^ Correct; 5 years, 2 months and 12 days
  43. ^ Correct; 8 years, 8 months and 26 days.
  44. ^ Wrong; 2 months and 4 (or 6) days.
  45. ^ Correct; 1 year, 9 months and 9 days.
  46. ^ Perfect; 7 years, 5 months and 14 days.
  47. ^ Almost correct; 8 years and 9 months.
  48. ^ Perfect; 12 years, 3 months and 18 days.
  49. ^ Almost correct; actually 14 years and 2 months.
  50. ^ Correct; from 15 March 856 to 26 May 866.
  51. ^ Almost correct; actually AM 6350, i.e. AD 842, but at least this is only a small mistake.
  52. ^ The author apparently had access to quite a handful of sources for the period of the Macedonians onward, which is quite weird given that the last entries, that is, the Palaiologan emperors, are filled with gross errors.
  53. ^ Almost correct; exactly 1 year and 4 months. This figure is actually given by a few manuscripts (see Kleinchroniken).
  54. ^ Almost correct; actually AM 6375, i.e. AD 867.
  55. ^ Correct; exactly 18 years and 11 months.
  56. ^ Almost correct; actually AM 6394, i.e. AD 886.
  57. ^ Wrong; actually 25 years, 8 months and 12 days. Alexander ruled 1 year and was then succeded by Leo.
  58. ^ Technically correct, but it was AM 6421 [AD 913] because he succeded before September. He ruled 8 years before the coronation of Romanos I Lekapenos in December 920.
  59. ^ Almost correct; he ruled exactly 24 years.
  60. ^ Almost correct; 17 December AM 6429 [AD 920].
  61. ^ Typo; it should read 10th dincition. Like, comm'on, you literally wrote the date a few characters ago.
  62. ^ Almost crrect; the year is correct [AD 928], but the indiction is not. The 1st indiction was the year prior.
  63. ^ I haven't been able to corroborate this.
  64. ^ That is, the years between AD 928 and AD 945.
  65. ^ The famine began in 927, but did not end until 928.
  66. ^ Nonsense. Once more the author appears to be unable to read his own writing. Why he felt the need to repeat the same information is beyond me.
  67. ^ Perfect, at least according to John Skylitzes. The Theophanes Continuatus, which was written earlier and was actually edited by Constantine himself, shows that the period was actually 38 days.
  68. ^ Typos. Constantine VII ruled as senior emperor for 14 years, 10 months, 20 days, of which he ruled alongside Romanos II 14 years, 7 months, 3 days. The indiction is correct, but the year is not. It should be AM 6453.
  69. ^ Perfect; 3 years, 4 months and 6 days.
  70. ^ Perfect; 6 years and 4 months lacking 5 days.
  71. ^ Absolutely perfect; from 11 Dec. 969 to 10 Jan. 976.
  72. ^ Absolutely perfect; from 10 Jan. 976 to 11 Jan. 976.
  73. ^ Perfect; Basil II ruled 50 years lacking 25 days, while Constantine VIII ruled 2 years and 11 months lacking 4 days.
  74. ^ Almost correct; exactly 5 years and 5 months.
  75. ^ Almost correct; exactly 7 years and 8 months.
  76. ^ Almost perfect; 4 months and 11 days.
  77. ^ Correct; Nikephoros Kampanarios.
  78. ^ Wrong; it was barely 1 month and 22 days.
  79. ^ Absolutely perfect! 11 June 1042 – 11 January 1055.
  80. ^ Almost perfect! 1 year, 7 months and 20 days.
  81. ^ Almost correct; she died on 31 August 1056. Michael VI was perhaps crowned on 22 August.
  82. ^ Almost perfect? The chronology of this rapid succesions is confusing. If he was indeed crowned in 22 August, then he ruled 1 year and 8 days. He ruled exactly 1 year following Theodora's death.
  83. ^ Almost perfect (typo); 2 years, 2 months and 21 days.
  84. ^ Absolutely perfect; from 23 Nov. 1059 to 23 May 1067.
  85. ^ This is actually Konstantios Doukas; Constantine Doukas was Michael's son.
  86. ^ Perfect (inclusive counting). From 23 May 1067 to 1 January 1067.
  87. ^ Wrong. The marriage took place on 1 January, AM 6576.
  88. ^ Perfect. 3 years and 8 months lacking 5 days.
  89. ^ Correct; exactly 6 years and 6 months from 1 October 1071 to 31 March 1078 according to Michael Attaleiates. The Skylitzes Continuatus states that he was deposed on 24 March, which would mean he lacked 7 days.
  90. ^ Correct-ish; exactly 3 years and 4 months lacking 6 days, but reckoning from his proclamation at Constantinople (in which he was not even present):
  91. ^ Perfect. 1st of April, AD 1081.
  92. ^ a b c d Perfect!
  93. ^ Almost correct (typo), his reign began on 1 April 1143 and he ruled 37 years, 5 months and 16 days.
  94. ^ Almost correct (typo). He was born on 14 September 1169, the 27th year of Manuel I.
  95. ^ The protosebastos refer to is actually Alexios Komnenos, who was deposed in April 1182. Andronikos proclaimed himself regent on 16 May, ruling with Alexios for 1 year and 4 months. The exact chronology of events is uncertain. We don't know the date of Alexios' deposition either.
  96. ^ Chronology incertain.
  97. ^ Correct; 9 years and 7 months lacking 4 days.
  98. ^ Wrong; 8 years, 3 months and 10 days.
  99. ^ Wrong (typo); 6 months and 8 days.
  100. ^ Correct; 2 months and 16 days.
  101. ^ Wrong (typo); actually 17 years reckoning from the sack of Constantinople in 1204; although he did not claim the title until 1205. The author forgets completly John III Vatatzes, who ruled 32 years and 11 months until 1254.
  102. ^ Correct (barely); 3 years, 9 months and 13 days.
  103. ^ Wrong (typo), 24 years lacking 20 days.
  104. ^ Correct; 45 years, 5 months and 13 days.
  105. ^ Confusion. Michael IX ruled 26 years, 4 months and 21 days alongside Andronikos II. The numbers here actually refer to Andronikos III, who did rule exactly 13 years and 22 days.
  106. ^ Nonsense. This must refer to the joint reign of Michael IX and Andronikos II (38 years lacking 2 months)
  107. ^ Nonsense. The author clearly confuses John V with his successor Manuel II, and messes up the chronology even more. He also does not mention John VII. The whole duration of John V's reign, which had three whole interruptions, was of 46 years and 10 days.
  108. ^ Very wrong. He ruled 7 years, 10 months and 2 days as the co-emperor and regent of John V.
  109. ^ Confusion, this must refer to Andronikos IV, who briefly deposed John V and ruled 2 years, 10 months, 20 days.
  110. ^ Very wrong (lots of typos). 34 years, 4 months, 5 days.
  111. ^ ALMOST perfect (typo). 23 years, 4 months, 10 days.
  112. ^ Correct; 4 years, 5 months lacking 8 days.
  113. ^ Kodinos apparently did not know the date of the Fall of Constantinople... Or perhaps it was a date so well known that he didn't felt obligated to put it? Who knows, but the fact that this last entries are so poorly informed is really impressive given that Kodinos was proving that he did have good sources for the earlier periods.
  114. ^ There are 272 years between AM 6689 [AD 1180], the last year given by Kodinos, and AM 6961 [AD 1453]. The weird last reign-lenghts may be the result of Kodinos, who clearly ran out of good sources, attempting to fill this void.
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