User:Tisquesusa/sandbox8

Coordinates: 4°40′N 73°54′W / 4.66°N 73.90°W / 4.66; -73.90
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1785 Viceroyalty of New Granada earthquake[edit]

1785 Viceroyalty of New Granada earthquake
UTC time??
Magnitude6.5-7.0 Ms
Depth20–30 km (12–19 mi)
Epicenter4°40′N 73°54′W / 4.66°N 73.90°W / 4.66; -73.90
Areas affected Colombia
Max. intensityVIII
TsunamiNo
Casualties9 fatalities
5 wounded
View of La Calera, epicenter of the earthquake

The 1785 Viceroyalty of New Granada earthquake occurred in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, to the east of the Eastern Hills of Santa Fe de Bogotá, capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada on July 12, 1785 at around 7:45 local time (UTC-5). The epicentre of the earthquake has been estimated at various locations and situated by a 2014 geophysical study in the east of the municipality La Calera, Cundinamarca.

Tectonic setting[edit]

See also: Eastern Hills, Bogotá § Tectonic evolution

The Eastern Ranges are the easternmost of the three mountain ranges of the northern Andes. They extend from the Colombian Massif in the south of the department of Huila to the department of Norte de Santander, where the mountain chain splits into the Serranía del Perijá in the northwest and the Mérida Andes to the northeast. The central highlands of the Eastern Ranges, the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, are flanked by a western and eastern chain. These fold and thrust belts are the result of the Andean orogeny that occurred during the Tertiary. The southeast of the Altiplano is characterised by the flatlands of the Bogotá savanna, where the Colombian capital is located. Bogotá is bordered to the east by the Eastern Hills of Bogotá, an elongated mountain chain of 52 kilometres (32 mi) length. La Calera is a municipality directly east of Bogotá with its western part in the Eastern Hills, the central part in the valley of the Teusacá River, flowing into the Bogotá River, and the eastern portion in the valley of the Río Negro, tributary of the Meta River.

The tectonic evolution of the Cundinamarca subbasin, where La Calera and Bogotá are located, commenced with lithospheric stretching in the Berriasian to Hauterivian (142 to 130 Ma).[1]

The Andean orogeny, induced by the subduction of the Nazca Plate underneath the South American Plate, in the northern Andes produced three mountain chains; the Eastern, Central and Western Ranges. The Central and Western Ranges were formed in the Paleogene, while the greatest tectonic uplift of the Eastern Ranges happened in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

1785 earthquake[edit]

The earthquake occurred at 7:45 AM, other sources state 7:55,[2] local time and has been reported to have lasted for two minutes.[3] The epicenter has been estimated to be located in the Eastern Ranges, and calculated in a 2014 reconstruction study in the east of the municipality La Calera.[4] The magnitude (Ms) of the earthquake has been estimated by various authors between 6.5 and 7.0. Depths of the epicenter are estimated between 20 and 30 kilometres (12 and 19 mi), and the epicenter placed at 4°00′N 74°00′W / 4.00°N 74.00°W / 4.00; -74.00, 4°42′N 73°48′W / 4.70°N 73.80°W / 4.70; -73.80,[5] or 5°00′N 73°43′W / 5.00°N 73.71°W / 5.00; -73.71.[6] The reconstruction published in 2014 suggests the epicenter was located at 4°40′N 73°54′E / 4.66°N 73.90°E / 4.66; 73.90.[7]

It was one of the most severe earthquakes for the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. In the late eighteenth century, approximately 20,000 people inhabited Bogotá where circa two thousand houses and forty religious buildings were constructed. The commotion as result of the earthquake made many people leave the city, only to return a month later when the aftershocks ceased.[3]

Aviso del Terremoto[edit]

Aviso del Terremoto published on July 12 and August 15, about the 1785 Earthquake

The seismic event of July 12, 1785, sparked the development of journalism in the history of Colombia. On the same day, the Aviso del Terremoto was published, the first printed report circulated in the Viceroyalty. In total, three articles were released; on July 12 and August 15.[2] This formed the onset of the first newspaper of the Spanish colony; Papel periódico de Santafé de Bogotá with its first official publication on Wednesday February 9, 1791.[8] The initiator of the reporting was Manuel del Socorro Rodríguez, ironically a Cuban-born librarian, who worked as a carpenter before.[9]

Casualties and damage[edit]

Casualties; nine fatalities and five wounded, as a result of the earthquake have been reported in Bogotá.[10] The main affected areas were Bogotá and its neighbouring towns and damages were noted until in Popayán.[11][12] The earthquake was also felt in Ibagué, Tolima and Pamplona, Norte de Santander.[13] Thirty-five reports from seventeen settlements have been used to investigate the damages caused.[14]

Department Buildings Remarks Image Notes
Bogotá Hermitage of Our Lady of Guadalupe on Guadalupe Hill Collapsed
[15]
Precursor of the Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá Modern version started construction in 1807
[10]
San Francisco Church Oldest remaining church in Bogotá
Santo Domingo Convent
La Tercera Church
Our Lady of Egypt Church
[3]
Cundinamarca Churches of Bojacá, Cajicá, Cáqueza, Chía, Cota,
Facatativá, Fosca, Fómeque, Pasca
[5][10]
San Bernardino Church in Soacha
[16]
Boyacá Santo Domingo Convent in Tunja
[10]
Huila Church, prison and hospital of Neiva
[10]
Cauca Cathedral of Popayán Cathedral destroyed
Modern version started construction in 1809
[10][11][12]

See also[edit]

List of earthquakes in Colombia, historical earthquakes
Eastern Hills, Bogotá
Manuel del Socorro Rodríguez

References[edit]

  1. ^ Sarmiento Rojas et al., 2006, p.394
  2. ^ a b (in Spanish) 1785: Terremoto en Santafé - Banco de la República
  3. ^ a b c Dimaté & Arcila, 2006, p.13
  4. ^ Gómez Capera et al., 2014, p.212
  5. ^ a b Sarabia Gómez et al., 2010, p.154
  6. ^ Gómez Capera et al., 2014, p.209
  7. ^ Gómez Capera et al., 2014, p.214
  8. ^ (in Spanish) Papel periódico de Santafé de Bogotá - first edition of 9 February 1791
  9. ^ (in Spanish) Biografía Manuel del Socorro Rodríguez
  10. ^ a b c d e f Sarabia Gómez et al., 2010, p.156
  11. ^ a b Espinosa Baquero, 2003, p.273
  12. ^ a b Gómez Capera et al., 2014, p.210
  13. ^ Ramírez, 1975, p.85
  14. ^ Sarabia Gómez et al., 2010, p.155
  15. ^ Dimaté & Arcila, 2006, p.12
  16. ^ (in Spanish) Información Soacha

Bibliography[edit]

1785 Earthquake[edit]

Tectonic setting[edit]

Further reading[edit]


DYK 1[edit]

1785 Viceroyalty of New Granada earthquake

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New article and 7x expanded by Tisquesusa (talk)

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