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Automation is to replace the decision making of humans and manual command-response activities with the use of mechanized equipment and logical programming commands. Industrial automation is simply done at the industrial level.

Advantages

Replaces hard physical or monotonous work ^[1]
Tasks in hazardous environments, such as extreme temperatures, or atmospheres that are radioactive or toxic can be done by machines
Faster production and cheaper labor costs
Automation can be maintained with simple quality checks.
Can perform tasks beyond human capabilities.

Disadvantages

As of now, not all tasks can be automated
Some tasks are more expensive to automate
Initial costs are high
Failure to maintain a system could result in the loss of the product

Industrial Robotics

Industrial robotics is a sub-branch in the industrial automation that aids in various manufacturing processes. Such manufacturing processes include; machining, welding, painting, assembling and material handling to name a few ^[2]. Industrial robots utilizes various mechanical, electrical as well as software systems to allow for high precision, accuracy and speed that far exceeds any human performance. The birth of industrial robot came shortly after World War II as United States saw the need for a quicker way to produce industrial and consumer goods ^[3]. Servos, digital logic and solid state electronics allowed engineers to build better and faster systems and overtime these systems were improved and revised to the point where a single robot is capable of running 24 hours a day with little or no maintenance.

Programmable Logic Controllers

Industrial automation incorporates programmable logic controllers in the manufacturing process. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) use a processing system which allows for variation of controls of inputs and outputs using simple programming. PLCs make use of programmable memory, storing instructions and functions like logic, sequencing, timing, counting, etc. Using a logic based language, a PLC can receive a variety of inputs and return a variety of logical outputs, the input devices being sensors and output devices being motors, valves, etc. PLCs are similar to computers, however, while computers are optimized for calculations, PLCs are optimized for control task and use in industrial environments. They are built so that only basic logic-based programming knowledge is needed and to handle vibrations, high temperatures, humidity and noise. The greatest advantage PLCs offer is their flexibility. With the same basic controllers, a PLC can operate a range of different control systems. PLCs make it unnecessary to rewire a system to change the control system. This leads to a flexible, cost-effective system for complex and varied control systems ^[4].

^ Lamb, Frank (2013). Industrial Automation: Hands on. pp. 1–4.
^ Shell, Richard (2000). Handbook of Industrial Automation. p. 46.
^ Kurfess, Thomas (2005). Robotics and Automation Handbook. p. 5.
^ Bolten, William (2009). Programmable Logic Controllers (5th Edition). p. 3.

[1] Lamb, Frank (2013). Industrial Automation: Hands on. pp. 1–4.

[2] Shell, Richard (2000). Handbook of Industrial Automation. p. 46.

[3] Kurfess, Thomas (2005). Robotics and Automation Handbook. p. 5.

[4] Bolten, William (2009). Programmable Logic Controllers (5th Edition). p. 3.

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