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From: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carmen&direction=next&oldid=480883106

The character "Carmen" has been the constant subject of film treatment since the earliest days of cinema. Researchers at Newcastle University's Centre for Research into Film and Media have identified more than 70 films, including at least 40 silent features, which are based on the Carmen story. Many of these depart from the storyline in Mérimée's original, though all retain the broad themes of jealousy and thwarted tragic love.

The films range across many languages and cultures, and have been the work of prominent directors including Raoul Walsh, Otto Preminger and Jean-Luc Godard. Preminger's version, Carmen Jones (1954), was adapted from a Broadway musical of the same name first shown in 1943. The story is transposed to 1940s Chicago, and employs an all-black cast. Robert Townsend's 2001 film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring Beyoncé Knowles, is a more recent attempt to create an Afro-American version. Francesco Rosi's highly praised film of 1984, with Julia Migenes and Plácido Domingo, is generally faithful to the original story and to Bizet's music.

Adaptations

Fantasies

A number of classical composers have used themes from Carmen as the basis for works of their own.

Some of these, such as Pablo de Sarasate's Carmen Fantasy (1883) for violin and orchestra, Franz Waxman's Carmen Fantasie (1946) for violin and orchestra and Vladimir Horowitz's Variations on a theme from Carmen for solo piano are virtuoso showpieces in the tradition of fantasias on operatic themes. Frank Proto has also written virtuoso showpieces based on the opera for trumpet (for Doc Severinsen) and double bass (for François Rabbath).

Ferruccio Busoni wrote a Sonatina (No. 6) for piano named Fantasia da camera super Carmen (1920), which uses themes from the opera. There are also two suites of music drawn directly from Bizet's opera, often recorded and performed in orchestral concerts.

Films

The following is a list of film adaptations, based on the opera, the novella, or both:

Raquel Meller as Carmen (1926)

• 1907 Carmen – Arthur Gilbert, director; a 12-minute British film.
• 1909 Carmen – Gerolamo Lo Savio, director; an Italian film based on the novella.
• 1911 Carmen – Jean Durand, director; a French film starring Gaston Modot.
• 1912 Carmen – Theo Frenkel, director; a British film.
• 1913 Carmen – Lucius Henderson, director.
• 1913 Carmen – Stanner E.V. Taylor, director.
• 1914 Carmen – Giovanni Doria and Augusto Turqui, directors; a Spanish-Italian co-production based on the opera.
• 1915 Carmen – Cecil B. DeMille, director; a 65-minute film credited as being based on the novella, because the producers couldn't afford the rights to the opera; nevertheless it included some plot elements from the opera, and was shown with an orchestral arrangement of music from the opera by Hugo Riesenfeld. Starring Geraldine Farrar.
• 1915 Carmen – Raoul Walsh, director; starring Theda Bara.
• 1915 Burlesque on Carmen – Charlie Chaplin, director
• 1918 Carmen – Ernst Lubitsch, director; with Pola Negri and Harry Liedtke.
• 1921 Carmen – Ernesto Vollrath, director; a Mexican film.
• 1922 Carmen – George Wynn, director; a British film.
• 1926 Carmen – Jacques Feyder, director; starring Raquel Meller.
• 1927 Carmen – H.B. Parkinson, director; a British film.
• 1927 The Loves of Carmen – Raoul Walsh director; starring Dolores del Río.
• 1929 Carmen – Shunichi Takeuchi, director; a Japanese film.
• 1931 Carmen – Cecil Lewis, director; a British film.
• 1933 Carmen – Lotte Reiniger, director; a nine-minute German animated film.
• 1938 Carmen la de Triana / Andalusische Nächte – Florián Rey, director; a Spanish-German film starring Imperio Argentina.
• 1941 Carmen – A Filipino film
• 1943 Carmen – Luis César Amadori, director; an Argentine film.
• 1945 Carmen – Christian-Jaque, director; a French film with Jean Marais and Viviane Romance.
• 1948 The Loves of Carmen – Charles Vidor, director; based on the novella. Starring Rita Hayworth and Glenn Ford.
• 1954 Carmen Jones – Otto Preminger, director; based on the 1943 adaptation by Oscar Hammerstein II, Carmen Jones. Starring Dorothy Dandridge, Harry Belafonte, Pearl Bailey, and Diahann Carroll.
• 1959 Carmen la de Ronda – Tulio Demicheli, director; a Spanish film starring Sara Montiel and Maurice Ronet.
• 1960 The Wild, Wild Rose – Wong Tin-lam, director
• 1967 Carmen – Herbert von Karajan director and conductor; a film of the opera starring Grace Bumbry and Jon Vickers.
• 1967 Carmen, Baby – a modernized adaptation directed by Radley Metzger and starring Uta Levka
• 1983 Carmen – Carlos Saura, director; dance film
• 1983 La Tragédie de Carmen – Peter Brook, director; a short film of Brook's own stage adaptation.
• 1983 Prénom: Carmen – Jean-Luc Godard, director; a loose modern adaptation.
• 1984 Carmen – Francesco Rosi, director; a film of the opera starring Julia Migenes and Plácido Domingo
• 1989 Carmen on Ice – Horant H. Hohlfeld, writer and director
• 2001 Carmen: A Hip Hopera – Robert Townsend, director
• 2001 Karmen Gei – Joseph Gaï Ramaka director; set in Dakar, Senegal and sung in French and Wolof.
• 2003 Carmen – Vicente Aranda, director
• 2005 U-Carmen eKhayelitsha – Mark Dornford-May, director
• 2011 Carmen's Kiss – David Fairman, director; a thriller starring Hugo Speer, Vivienne Harvey and Bruce Payne
• 2011 Carmen in 3D – a stereoscopic version of a Royal Opera, London production starring Christine Rice released to movie theaters in the RealD format.

Dance and theater

• Carmen Jones. A 1943 Broadway musical adaptation with book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The Bizet score was adapted and orchestrated by Robert Russell Bennett.
• In 1949 Roland Petit created a ballet entitled Carmen, based on Bizet's music and a similar plot, since performed over 5,000 times.
• Rodion Shchedrin wrote a Carmen ballet (1967) directly based on the opera.
• Choreographer Matthew Bourne has created an updated version of Carmen, called Matthew Bourne's The Car Man, with its score built largely upon the Shchedrin musical adaptation.
• Peter Brook adapted the opera into a dramatico-musical work La Tragédie de Carmen.
• Eric V. Cruz of the Philippines created Carmen, a full-length ballet based on the original story and music of Carmen for the Dance Concert Company headed by Vella C Damian.
• Robert Sund choreographed a 45-minute contemporary ballet of Carmen to a score by Miles Davis for Ballet Pacifica in 1997.
• Ballet Flamenco de Madrid has performed a flamenco version of Carmen worldwide, beginning in Madrid in 2003.
• Ramón Oller wrote a Carmen ballet (2007) based on the opera
• The Royal Winnipeg Ballet premiered a new version of Mauricio Wainrot's Carmen, The Passion in January 2008.
• Flow: El Musical, presented at the Centro de Bellas Artes Luis A. Ferré in September 2009 is an adaptation of Carmen. The cast included Mary Ann Acevedo and other former participants in Objetivo Fama.
• Dutch choreographer Didy Veldman was commissioned to create a new full evening work with orchestra for Ballet Bern in Switzerland, which was re-staged for the Royal New Zealand Ballet in 2010.