User:Watti Renew/Sandbox/World energy resources and consumption

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World energy resources and consumption

In 6 years from 2005 to 2011 world annual oil production increased 2 %, gas production 18 % and coal production 32 % of which 70 % was in China and 8 % on India.


World annual coal production increased 1,905 Mt or 32 % in 6 year from 2005 to 2011. Of this increase over 70 % was in China and 8 % on India.

World annual oil production increased 88 Mt and 2 % in 6 years from 2005 to 2011.

World annual gas production increased 516 Mt and 18 % in 6 years from 2005 to 2011.

Category:Natural gas by country Category:Coal by country Category:Petroleum by country

2012[edit]

Top coal producers in 2012 were (Mt): China 3,549, United States 935, India 595, Indonesia 443, Australia 421, Russia 354, South Africa 259, Germany 197, Poland 144 and Kazakhstan 126. In 2012 total coal production was 7,831 Mt. [1]

The top hard coal net exporters in 2012 were (Mt): Indonesia 383, Australia 302, United States 106, Russia 103, Colombia 82, South Africa 72, Kazakhstan 32, Canada 25, Mongolia 22 and Vietnam 18. In 2012 total coal net export was 1,168Mt. [1]

Top oil producers: According to IEA top 10 oil producer countries produced over 64 % of the world oil production in 2012. The top oil producers in 2012 were: Saudi Arabia 544 Mt (13 %), Russia 520 Mt (13 %), United States 387 Mt (9 %), China 206 Mt (5%), Iran 186 Mt (4 %), Canada 182 Mt (4 %), United Arab Emirates 163 Mt (4 %), Venezuela 162 Mt (4 %), Kuwait 152 Mt (4 %) and Iraq 148 Mt (4 %). In 2012 total oil production was 4,142 Mt. [1]

Top gas producers: According to IEA natural gas production was 3,435 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2012 and 3,101 bcm in 2009. Top ten gas producers in 2012 were (66 % of total): United States 19.8 %, Russia 19.1 %, Qatar 4.7 %, Iran 4.6 %, Canada 4.6 %, Norway 3.3 %, China 3.1 %, Saudi-Arabia 2.8 %, Netherlands 2.3 % and Indonesia]] 2.2 %.%). [1]

2011[edit]


Top oil producers: According to IEA top 10 countries produced over 63 % of the world oil production in 2011. Top 10 oil producers in 2011 were (Mt): Saudi Arabia 517 (12.9 %), Russia 510 (12.7 %), United States 346 (8.6 %), Iran 215 (5.4 %), China 203 (5.1 %), Canada 169 (4.2 %), United Arab Emirates 149 (3.7 %), Venezuela 148 (3.7 %), Mexico 144 (3.6 %), Nigeria 139 (3.5 %), Rest of the world 1 471 (36.6 %), World 4 011 (100 %).[2]

Top gas producers: According to IEA natural gas production was 3,149 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2008 and 3,388 bcm in 2011. Top 10 gas producers in 2011 were (66.7 % of total) (bcm): Russia 677 (20.0 %), United States 651 (19.2 %), Canada 160 (4.7 %), Qatar 151 (4.5 %), Iran 149 (4.4 %), Norway 106 (3.1 %), China 103 (3.0 %), Saudi Arabia 92 (2.7 %), Indonesia 92 (2.7 %), Netherlands 81 (2.4 %) and World 3 388 (100 %).[2]

Top 10 coal producers in 2011 were (Mt): China 3,576 (46%), United States 1,004 (13 %), India 586 (8%), Australia 414 (5 %), Indonesia 376 (5 %), Russia 334 (4 %), South Africa 253 (3 %), Germany 189 (2 %), Poland 139 (2 %) and Kazakhstan 117 (2 %).[3]


Top 10 coal producers in 2010 (2009) were (Mt): China 3,162 (2,971), United States 997 (985), India 571 (561), Australia 420 (399), Indonesia 336 (301), Russia 324 (297), South Africa 255 (247), Kazakhstan 111 (101), Poland 134 (135) and Colombia 74 (73).[4] [5]


According to IEA (2012) the climate goal of limiting warming to 2 °C is becoming more difficult and costly with each year that passes. If action is not taken before 2017, all the allowable CO2 emissions would be locked-in by energy infrastructure existing in 2017. Fossil fuels are dominant in the global energy mix, supported by $523 billion subsidies in 2011, up almost 30% on 2010 and six times more than subsidies to renewable.[6]


In 2010 natural gas production was 3,282 bcm, net export 808 bcm and net import 820 bcm. Thus the share of gas export of the gas production in 2010 was about 25 %. Most of the natural gas (75 %) is used in the country of origin. However, products made with the energy can be exported.

In 2010 hard coal production was 6,186 Mt, net hard coal export 856 Mt and net import 949 Mt. Thus the share of hard coal export of the production in 2010 was about 15 %. Most of the coal (85 %) is used in the country of origin. However, products made with the coal energy can be exported. The majority of the Chinese and Asian Christmas presents and other products are made with coal energy.

Oil data is from the year 2009. In 2009 oil production was 3,843 Mt, net export 1,895 Mt and net import 2,002 Mt. Thus the share of oil export of the production in 2009 was about 52 % . About half of the oil (48 %) is used in the country of origin. Products made with oil energy can be exported. Oil is major transportation energy, including tourism and the transportation of the products.


According to IEA key statistics the world fuel production increased by fuel from 2005 to 2010: Hard and brown coal 23.0%, oil 1.3% and natural gas 14.3%.

According to IEA key statistics the world fuel production increased by fuel from 2009 to 2010: Hard and brown coal 4.7%, oil 3.4% and natural gas 5.8%.


The global warming emissions are the most serious global environmental problem. Therefore many nations have signed the UN agreement to prevent a dangerous influences in the climate system. What is dangerous concentration is a political issue rather than scientific issue. Limiting global temperature rise at 2 %, considered as a high risk level by Stockholm Environmental Institute, demands 75 % decline in carbon emissions in the industrial countries by 2050, if the population is 10 mrd in 2050. [7] 75 % in 40 years is about 2 % decrease every year. As 2011, the warming emissions of energy production continued rising regardless of the consensus of the basic problem. There is a 25-30 years lag in the complete warming effect of emissions. Thus human activities have created already a 1,5 °C temperature rise (2006).[8] According to Robert Engelman (Worldwatch institute) for security civilization has to stop increase of emissions within a decade regardless of economy and population state (2009).[9]


Consumption[edit]

See also: Overpopulation, Human population, and Population growth
Regional energy use (kWh/hab)[10] [11]
kWh/capita Ratio Population (milj) Ratio
1990 2008 2008/1990 1990 2008 2008/1990
USA 89,021 87,216 0.98 250 305 1.22
EU-27 40,240 40,821 1.01 473 499 1.05
Middle East 19,422 34,774 1.79 132 199 1.51
China 8,839 18,608 2.11 1,141 1,333 1.17
Latin America 11,281 14,421 1.28 355 462 1.30
Africa 7,094 7,792 1.10 634 984 1.55
India 4,419 6,280 1.42 850 1,140 1.34
The World 19,422 21,283 1.10 5,265 6,688 1.27
Source: IEA/OECD, Population OECD/World Bank


Primary energy[edit]

Energy by power source 2008 [12]
TWh %
Oil 48,204 33,5 %
Coal 38,497 26,8 %
Gas 30,134 20,9 %
Nuclear 8,283 5,8 %
Hydro 3,208 2,2 %
Other RE* 15,284 10,6 %
Others 241 0,2 %
Total 143,851 100 %
Source: IEA *`=solar, wind, geothermal and biofuels

In 2008 energy supply by power source was oil 33.5 %, coal 26.8 %, gas 20.8 % (fossil 81 %), renewable (hydro, solar, wind, geothermal power and biofuels) 12.9 %, nuclear 5.8 % and other 4 %. Oil was the most popular energy fuel. Oil and coal combined represented over 60 % of the world energy supply in 2008.

Energy by sector[edit]

World energy use per sector [13]
2000 2008 2000 2008
TWh %*
Industry 21,733 27,273 26.5 % 27.8 %
Transport 22,563 26,742 27.5 % 27.3 %
Residential and service 30,555 35,319 37.3 % 36.0 %
Non-energy use 7,119 8,688 8.7 % 8.9 %
Total* 81,970 98,022 100 % 100 %
Source: IEA 2010, Total is calculated from the given sectors
Numbers are the end use of energy
Total world energy supply (2008) 143,851 TWh

Total world energy use per sector was in 2008 industry 28 %, transport 27 % and residential and service 36 %. Division was about the same in the year 2000.[13]

By fuels[edit]

Coal[edit]

In 2000 coal was used in China 28 %, other Asia 19 %,North America 25 % and the EU 14 %. In 2009 the share of China was 47 %.)[14]

Single most coal using country is China. It s share of the world coal production was 28 % in 2000 and 48 % in 2009. Coal use in the world increased 48 % from 2000 to 2009. In practise majority of this growth occurred in China and the rest in other Asia.

Indonesia and Australia export 57.1 % of the world coal export.

Regional coal supply (TWh) and share 2010 (%)[14][15]
2000 2008 2009* 2010* %* Change
2000-2009*
North America 6,654 6,740 6,375 6,470 16% -1.2 %
Asia excl. China 5,013 7,485 7,370 7,806 19% 18.9 %
China 7,318 16,437 18,449 19,928 48% 85.5 %
EU 3,700 3,499 3,135 3,137 8% -3.8 %
Africa 1,049 1,213 1,288 1,109 3% 0.4 %
Russia 1,387 1,359 994 1,091 3% -2.0 %
Others 1,485 1,763 1,727 1,812 4% 2.2 %
Total 26,607 38,497 39,340 41,354 100% 100 %
Source: IEA, *in 2009, 2010 BP*
Change 2000-2009: Region's share of the world change +12,733 TWh from 2000 to 2009
Top 10 coal producers (Mt)[2]
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Share %
2011
1 China 2,226 2,761 2,971 3,162 3,576 46 %
2 US 1,028 1,076 985 997 1,004 13 %
3 India 430 521 561 571 586 8 %
4 Australia 372 397 399 420 414 5 %
5 Indonesia 318 284 301 336 376 5 %
6 Russia 222 323 297 324 334 4 %
7 South Africa 315 236 247 255 253 3 %
8 Germany nd nd nd nd 189 2%
9 Poland 160 144 135 134 139 2 %
10 Kazakhstan 79 108 101 111 117 2 %
11 Colombia 65 79 73 74 1 % nd
Total 5,878 6,796 6,903 7,229 7,783 100 %
Top ten 89 % 87 % 88 % 88% nd 90%
* include hard coal and brown coal
Top 10 coal importers (Mt)[16]
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 China 25 nd 114 157 177
2 Japan 178 186 165 187 175
3 South Korea 77 100 103 119 129
4 India 37 58 66 88 101
5 Taiwan 61 66 60 63 66
6 Germany 38 46 38 45 41
7 UK 44 43 38 26 32
8 Turkey nd 19 20 27 24
9 Italy 24 25 19 22 23
10 Malaysia nd nd nd 19 21
x Spain 25 19 16 nd nd
x France nd 21 nd nd nd
x US 28 nd nd nd nd
Total 778 778 819 949 1,002
Top ten 69 % 75 % 78 % 79% 79 %
Import of production 16 % 13 % 14 % 15 % 13 %
* 2005-2010 hard coal
Top 10 coal exporters (Mt)[2]
2010 2011 Share
2011 %
1 Indonesia 162 309 29.7 %
2 Australia 298 285 27.4 %
3 Russia 89 99 9.5%
4 US 57 85 8.2 %
5 Colombia 68 76 7.3 %
6 South Africa 68 70 6.7 %
7 Kazakhstan 33 34 3.3 %
8 Canada 24 24 2.3 %
9 Vietnam 21 23 2.2%
10 Mongolia 17 22 2.1%
x Others 19 14 1.3%
Total (Mt) 856 1041
Top ten 97.8 % 98.7 %

Oil[edit]

According to BP the top oil reserves were in Saudi Arabia 18 %, Canada 12 %, mostly oil sands, Venezuela 12 %, Iran 9 %, Iraq 8 %, Kuwait 7 %, UAE 7 % and Russia 5 %. [17]

The use of oil doubled in China during 2000-2009. In 2009 the consumption of oil was in the EU 1,6 fold and North America 2.5 fold compared to China.[18]

Top 10 oil producers (Mt)[2]
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Share
2011
1 Saudi Arabia 519 509 452 471 517 12.9 %
2 Russia 470 485 494 502 510 12.7 %
3 United States 307 300 320 336 346 8.6 %
4 Iran 205 214 206 227 215 5.4 %
5 China 183 190 194 200 203 5.1 %
6 Canada 143 155 152 159 169 4.2 %
7 UAE nd 136 120 129 149 3.7 %
8 Venezuela 162 137 126 149 148 3.7 %
9 Mexico 188 159 146 144 144 3.6 %
10 Nigeria 133 nd nd 130 139 3.5 %
x Kuwait nd 145 124 nd nd nd
x Norway 139 nd nd nd nd nd
Total 3,923 3,941 3,843 3,973 4,011 100 %
Top ten 62 % 62 % 61 % 62% 63 %
Top 10 oil exporters (Mt)[2]
2010 2011 Share
2011 %
1 Saudi Arabia 333 17.0 %
2 Russia 246 12.5 %
3 Nigeria 129 6.6%
4 Iran 126 6.4 %
5 UAE 105 5.4 %
6 Iraq 94 4.8 %
7 Venezuela 87 4.4 %
8 Angola 84 4.3 %
9 Norway 78 4.0%
10 Mexico 71 3.6%
x Others 609 31.0%
Total (Mt) 1,962


Regional oil supply (TWh) and share 2010 (%) [18][19]
2000 2008 2009* 2010* %
North America 12,350 12,590 12,305 12,092 26 %
Asia excl. China 8,510 9,217 9,620 9,760 21 %
China 2,490 4,130 4,855 4,984 11 %
EU 7,980 8,055 8,050 7,705 16 %
Africa 1,482 1,624 1,730 1,808 4 %
Russia 2,138 2,828 1,499 1,717 4 %
Others 8,562 9,761 8,526 8,781 19 %
Total 43,506 48,204 46,585 46,847 100 %
Source: IEA, *in 2009, 2010 BP

Gas[edit]

According to BP in 2009 the highest proved gas reserves were in Russia 24 %, Iran 16 % and Qatar 14 %.[17]

Top 10 natural gas producers (bcm)[2]
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Share
2011
1 Russia 627 657 589 637 677 20.0 %
2 US 517 583 594 613 651 19.2 %
3 Canada 187 175 159 160 160 4.7 %
4 Qatar nd 79 89 121 151 4.5 %
5 Iran 84 121 144 145 149 4.4 %
6 Norway 90 103 106 107 106 3.1 %
7 China nd 76 90 97 103 3.0 %
8 Saudi Arabia 70 nd nd 82 92 2.7 %
9 Indonesia 77 77 76 88 92 2.7 %
10 Netherlands 79 85 79 89 81 2.4 %
x Algeria 93 82 81 nd nd nd
x UK 93 nd nd nd nd nd
Total 2,872 3,149 3,101 3,282 100 % 3,388
Top ten 67 % 65 % 65 % 65 % 67 %
bcm = billion cubic meters


Top 10 natural gas importers (bcm)[2]
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Share
2011
1 Japan 81 95 93 99 116 13.9 %
2 Italy 73 77 69 75 70 8.4 %
3 Germany 91 79 83 83 68 8.2 %
4 US 121 84 76 74 55 6.6 %
5 South Korea 29 36 33 43 47 5.6 %
6 Ukraine 62 53 38 37 44 5.3 %
7 Turkey 27 36 35 37 43 5.2 %
8 France 47 44 45 46 41 4.9 %
9 UK nd 26 29 37 37 4.4 %
10 Spain 33 39 34 36 34 4.1 %
x Netherlands 23 nd nd nd nd nd
Total 838 783 749 820 834 100 %
Top ten 70 % 73 % 71 % 69 % 67 %
Import of production 29 % 25 % 24 % 25 % 25 %
bcm = billion cubic meters
Regional gas supply (TWh) and share 2010 (%)[20]
2000 2008 2009* 2010* %
North America 7,621 7,779 8,839 8,925 27%
Asia excl. China 2,744 4,074 4,348 4,799 14 %
China 270 825 1,015 1,141 3 %
EU 4,574 5,107 4,967 5,155 16 %
Africa 612 974 1,455 1,099 3 %
Russia 3,709 4,259 4,209 4,335 13 %
Latin America 1,008 1,357 958 nd nd
Others 3,774 5,745 6,047 7,785 23 %
Total 24,312 30,134 31,837 33,240 100 %
Source: IEA, in 2009, 2010 BP

Reserves[edit]

Coal[edit]

Oil[edit]

Gas[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Key world statistics 2013 IEA page 11 gas, page 13 oil, page 15 coal Cite error: The named reference "IEA2013" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Key world statistics 2012 IEA Cite error: The named reference "IEA2012" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2012
  4. ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2010 pages 11, 21
  5. ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011 October 2011
  6. ^ IEA World Energy Outlook 2012 Executive Summary
  7. ^ Energiläget 2050 by prof. Cristian Azar and Kristian Lindgren Chalmers Göteborg (in Swedish)
  8. ^ Paul Brown, Global Warming, The last chance for change, London 2006, pages. 165, 16, 43-45, 13
  9. ^ State of the world 2009, Worldwatch institute, 2009
  10. ^ Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures Table 55 Regional energy use, 1990 and 2008 (kWh per capita)
  11. ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Population page 48 forward
  12. ^ Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures Table 46 Total world energy supply, 1990–2009, Table 53 Global supply of renewable energy, 1990–2008 (TWh)
  13. ^ a b Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures Table 56 Total world energy use per sector 1990–2008 (TWh)
  14. ^ a b Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures Table 52 Global supply of coal, 1990–2009 (TWh) Cite error: The named reference "energisve2010Coal" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  15. ^ Energiläget 2011
  16. ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
  17. ^ a b 2011 report on oil and gas companies, Promoting revenue Transparency Transparency International 2011 pages 113-115 Cite error: The named reference "TI2011" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  18. ^ a b Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures Table 47 Global supply of oil, 1990–2009 (TWh)
  19. ^ Energiläget 2011
  20. ^ Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures Table 50 Global supply of gas 1990–2009 (TWh)
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