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Philosophy

Duncan Pritchard-What is this thing called Philosophy_ (2015)

• Definition of philosophy
• Ethics
  • ethics
  • metaethics
    • Moral disagreement
    • Rightness
    • Wrongness
    • Moral motivation
  • normative ethics
    • Consequentialism
    • Deontology
    • Virtue ethics
  • applied ethics
    • euthanasia
    • animal rights
• Political philosophy
  • freedom
    • The Liberty of Ancients Compared with that of Moderns
    • Frankfurt cases
    • positive freedom, negative freedom, republican freedom
    • harm principle
    • alienation
  • justice
    • social contract
    • justice as fairness
    • capabilities approach
    • Feminist ethics
    • Multiculturalism
    • Stakeholder theory
  • global justice
    • ethical nationalism, David Miller
    • Cosmopolitanism
    • conservationism
• Aesthetics
  • Definition of art
    • Diversity of art
    • Functional definitions of art
    • Procedural definitions of art
    • George Dickie, institutional definition of art
    • anti-essentialism, Morris Weitz, family resemblance
  • aesthetic experience
    • question of unification
    • aesthetic formalism
    • Clive Bell
    • Arthur Danto
    • perceptual art
    • Art and emotion
    • Kantian aesthetics
  • aesthetic judgement
    • "Of the Standard of Taste" by David Hume
    • Kantian aesthetics
• Epistemology
  • Definition of knowledge
    • propositional knowledge
    • ability knowledge
    • belief
    • classical account of knowledge
    • Gettier problem
  • Value of knowledge
  • Scepticism
    • Radical skepticism
    • Epistemic closure
    • G. E. Moore
    • Safety condition for knowledge
    • contextualism
• Philosophy of mind
  • consciousness
    • hard problem of consciousness
    • Physicalism]/Dualism/panpsychism
    • Mary argument
    • Philosophical zombie
  • perception
    • varieties of sensory experience
    • Direct realism vs indirect realism, sense-datum theory
    • disjunctivism
  • emotion
    • evolutionary psychology/social constructionism
    • James–Lange theory
    • Cognitive theory of emotion
    • paradox of fiction
    • emotions and rationality
• Metaphysics
  • metaphysics
    • Abstract objects: Platonism/nominalism/fictionalism
    • properties/universals/trope thoery
    • A-theory/B-theory
    • Mereology: whole and part: Mereological nihilism, mereological universalism, mereological restricivism
    • law of nature
    • Modality
  • Methodology of metaphysics
    • Metaphysics and Empirical science
    • Conceptual analysis, Armchair philosophy
    • indispensability argument
    • A priori
    • Empirical equivalence
    • theoretical virtue
  • Structure of world
    • Fundamentality/ Supervenience
    • Monism/Pluralism
• Philosophy of science
  • Definition of science
    • scientific method
    • replication
    • Replication
    • inductive inference
    • observation
    • logical empiricism
    • theory-ladenness
    • deductive-nomological model
    • demarcation problem
    • pseudoscience
  • scientific models
    • hypothetico-deductivism
    • scientific law
    • scientific model
  • scientific realism
    • instrumentalism
    • underdetermination
    • no-miracles argument
    • incommensurability
    • pessimistic meta-induction
    • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
    • research program
• Philosophy of religion
  • God
  • Existence of God
    • Ontological argument
    • Cosmological argument
    • Design argument
    • Problem of evil
  • Faith in God
• Meaning of Life
  • God-based theory
  • Soul-based theory
  • sub specie aeternitatis
• Ethical naturalism
  • moral subjectivism
  • moral objectivism
  • Hybrid theory
• How to write philosophy

Epistemology

Duncan Pritchard - What Is This Thing Called Knowledge_ (2018)

• Some preliminaries
  • Epistemology
  • propositional knowledge
  • ability knowledge
  • Justified true belief
• Value of knowledge
  • Plato
  • Virtue epistemology
• Definition of knowledge
  • Roderick Chisholm
  • Problem of the criterion
  • Epistemological particularism
  • Methodism
  • Skepticism
  • Justified true beilief
  • Gettier problem
• Structure of knowledge
  • Justification
  • Agrippa's trilemma
  • infinitism
  • coherentism
  • foundationalism
• Rationality
  • Epistemic rationality
  • Pascal's wager
  • epistemic norm
  • deontic epistemic rationality
  • nondeontic epistemic rationality
  • epistemic internalism
  • epistemic externalism
• Epistemic virtue
  • Reliabilism
  • Virtue epistemology
  • Aristotle
• Perception
  • Perceptual knowledge
  • argument from illusion
  • indirect realism
  • John Locke: primary quality/secondary quality
  • problem of the external world
  • idealism
  • transcendental idealism; Immanuel Kant
  • direct realism
• Testimony and memory
  • testimonial knowledge
  • reductionism
  • credulism
  • memorial knowledge
• A priority and inference
  • A priori and a posteriori
  • introspection
  • deduction
  • induction
  • abduction
• Problem of induction
  • falsificationism
  • pragmatism
• Scientific knowledge
  • science
  • pseudoscience
  • demarcation problem
  • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
• Religious knowledge
  • Evidentialism
  • natural theology
  • Ontolotical argument
  • cosmological argument
  • fideism
  • reformed epistemology
• Moral knowledge
  • Moral skepticism
• Knowledge in technology
  • extended cognition
  • extended knowledge
  • neuromedia
  • intellectual virtue and extended knowledge
• Knowledge in education
  • philosophy of education
  • intellectual virtue and education
• Knowledge in law
  • Legal epistemology
  • Legal evidence
  • epistemic paternalism
  • Blackstone formula
  • Adversarial trial/investigatory trial
• Knowledge in politics
  • Democracy
  • informed citizen
  • On Bullshit
  • Post-fact
  • Epistemic injustice; Miranda Fricker
• Scepticism about other minds
  • Problem of other minds
  • argument from analogy
• Radical scepticism
  • Fallibilism
  • G. E. Moore; "A Defence of Common Sense"
  • contextualism
• Truth and Objectivity
  • Objectivity, anti-realism, skepticism
  • Truth
  • Relativism

Ethics

Harry J. Gensler, Ethics: A Contemporary Introduction (2011)

• Preface
• Introduction
• Cultural Relativism
• Subjectivism
• Supernaturalism
• Intuitionism
• Emotivism
• Prescriptivism
• Consistency
• The Golden Rule
• Moral rationality
• Consequentialism
• Nonconsequentialism
• Virtue
• Natural Law

History

Anthony Kenny - An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy (2018)

I PHILOSOPHY IN ITS INFANCY

• The Milesians
• Xenophanes
• Heraclitus
• The School of Parmenides
• Empedocles
• The Atomists
• II THE ATHENS OF SOCRATES
• The Athenian Empire
• Anaxagoras
• The Sophists
• Socrates
• The Euthyphro
• The Crito
• The Phaedo
• III THE PHILOSOPHY OF Plato
• Life and Works
• The Theory of Ideas
• Plato’s Republic
• The Theaetetus and the Sophist
• IV THE SYSTEM OF Aristotle
• Plato’s Pupil, Alexander’s Teacher
• The Foundation of Logic
• Poetic
• Moral Philosophy: Virtue and Happiness
• Moral Philosophy: Wisdom and Understanding
• Politics
• Science and Explanation
• Words and Things
• Motion and Change
• Soul, Sense, and Intellect
• Metaphysics
• V GREEK PHILOSOPHY AFTER ARISTOTLE
• The Hellenistic Era
• Epicureanism
• Stoicism
• Scepticism
• Rome and its Empire
• Jesus of Nazareth
• Christianity and Gnosticism
• Neo-Platonism
• VI EARLY CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY
• Arianism and Orthodoxy
• The Theology of Incarnation
• The Life of Augustine
• The City of God and the Mystery of Grace
• Boethius and Philoponus
• VII EARLY MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
• John the Scot
• Al-kindi and Avicenna
• The Feudal System
• Saint Anselm
• Abelard and Héloïse
• Abelard’s Logic
• Abelard’s Ethics
• Averroes
• Maimonides
• VIII PHILOSOPHY IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY
• An Age of Innovation
• Saint Bonaventure
• Thirteenth-Century Logic
• Aquinas’ Life and Works
• Aquinas’ Natural Theology
• Matter, Form, Substance, and Accident
• Aquinas on Essence and Existence
• Aquinas’ Philosophy of Mind
• Aquinas’ Moral Philosophy
• IX OXFORD PHILOSOPHERS
• The Fourteenth-Century University
• Duns Scotus
• Ockham’s Logic of Language
• Ockham’s Political Theory
• The Oxford Calculators
• John Wyclif
• X RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY
• The Renaissance
• Free-will: Rome vs. Louvain
• Renaissance Platonism
• Machiavelli
• More’s Utopia
• The Reformation
• Post-Reformation Philosophy
• Bruno and Galileo
• Francis Bacon
• XI THE AGE OF DESCARTES
• The Wars of Religion
• The Life of Descartes
• The Doubt and the Cogito
• The Essence of Mind
• God, Mind, and Body
• The Material World
• XII ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
• The Empiricism of Thomas Hobbes
• Hobbes’ Political Philosophy
• The Political Theory of John Locke
• Locke on Ideas and Qualities
• Substances and Persons
• XIII CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV
• Blaise Pascal
• Spinoza and Malebranche
• Leibniz
• XIV BRITISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
• Berkeley
• Hume’s Philosophy of Mind
• Hume on Causation
• Reid and Common Sense
• XV THE ENLIGHTENMENT
• The Philosophes
• Rousseau
• Revolution and Romanticism
• XVI THE CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF KANT
• Kant’s Copernican Revolution
• The Transcendental Aesthetic
• The Transcendental Analytic: The Deduction of the Categories
• The Transcendental Analytic: The System of Principles
• The Transcendental Dialectic: The Paralogisms of Pure Reason
• The Transcendental Dialectic: The Antinomies of Pure Reason
• The Transcendental Dialectic: The Critique of Natural Theology
• Kant’s Moral Philosophy
• XVII GERMAN IDEALISM AND MATERIALISM
• Fichte
• Hegel
• Marx and the Young Hegelians
• Capitalism and its Discontents
• XVIII THE UTILITARIANS
• Jeremy Bentham
• The Utilitarianism of J. S. Mill
• Mill’s Logic
• XIX THREE NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS
• Schopenhauer
• Kierkegaard
• Nietzsche
• XX THREE MODERN MASTERS
• Charles Darwin
• John Henry Newman
• Sigmund Freud
• XXI LOGIC AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS
• Frege’s Logic
• Frege’s Logicism
• Frege’s Philosophy of Logic
• Russell’s Paradox
• Russell’s Theory of Descriptions
• Logical Analysis
• XXII CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
• Henri Bergson
• Husserl’s Phenomenology
• The Existentialism of Heidegger
• The Existentialism of Sartre and de Beauvoir
• XXIII THE PHILOSOPHY OF Wittgenstein
• Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
• Logical Positivism
• Philosophical Investigations
• XXIV RECENT CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY
• The Frankfurt School
• Jacques Derrida
• Jurgen Habermas
• XXV RECENT ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY
• Elizabeth Anscombe
• W. V. O. Quine
• Donald Davidson
• Peter Geach
• Peter Strawson
• American Metaphysics
• The Cartesian Revival
• Analytical Ethics
• John Rawls
• Richard Rorty