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Foreign interventions by China
[edit]China has intervened in foreign countries on numerous occasions. Traditionally, official stances by China included a non-intervention approach, though as it became an emerging power, it has utilized intervention tactics.[1]
Characteristics
[edit]In order to "maintain order" both domestically and abroad, China enacts both policies of non-interventionism and interventionism.[1] Being the world's second largest aid donor, China uses economic policies to intervene internationally, providing developmental aid to over 100 countries, especially to nations sanctioned by Western governments.[1] Both the Export-Import Bank of China and the China Development Bank lend more in volume to developing nations than all G7 nations combined and more than the World Bank.[2] As China has grown, it has positioned itself to change international networks instead of remaining neutral[3] and to protect its interests abroad, especially in a post-Cold War era.[4] Chinese scholars have increasingly advocated for interventionist policies to protect Chinese interests in a globalized international community.[4]
History
[edit]Cold War
[edit]
During the Korean War, China intervened in support of North Korea. In August 1950, China's planned invasion of Taiwan was aborted due to the conflict unfolding in Korea.[5] Chinese leader Mao Zedong decided to reorganize the Taiwan invasion force into the People's Volunteer Army.[5] On 1 October 1950, UN forces crossed the 38th parallel after repelling North Korean aggression.[6] The same day, the Soviet Union messaged China requesting them to send battalions into Korea to assist North Korean forces.[6] Between 2-5 October 1950, Chinese officials deliberated on whether or not to become involved in the conflict, with Mao ultimately deciding to assist North Korea.[7] Mao named Peng Dehuai to be the Chinese commander in Korea, with Peng persuading the Chinese Politburo to support intervention after arguing that United States troops may invade Chinese territory.[8]
Post-Cold War
[edit]In Latin America, developing countries became dependent on growing China during the 2000s commodities boom, relying on funds from exports to China and lending eventually led to trade deficits and debt among many Latin American nations.[9] China has remained close to the governments of Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela.[9] Chinese state-owned Norinco often produces military and riot equipment for oppressive and rogue states that The New York Times saying that the equipment and systems are "reflective of the hardball tactics that China takes against dissent".[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Lawson, George; Tardelli, Luca (December 2013). "The past, present, and future of intervention". Review of International Studies. 39 (5): 1233–1253.
- ^ Chin and Quadir 2012, p. 499.
- ^ {{cite journal |last1=Goldstein |first1=Avery |title=The diplomatic face of China's grand strategy: A rising power's emerging choice |journal=[[The China Quarterly] |date=December 2001 |issue=168 |pages=835-864}}
- ^ a b Erickson, Andrew S; Strange, Austin M (January 2014). "Ripples of Change in Chinese Foreign Policy? Evidence from Recent Approaches to Nontraditional Waterborne Security". Asia Policy (17): 93–126.
- ^ a b Chinese Military Science Academy (September 2000). 抗美援朝战争史 [History of War to Resist America and Aid Korea] (in Chinese). Vol. I. Beijing: Chinese Military Science Academy Publishing House. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-7801373908.
- ^ a b Barnouin & Yu 2006, p. 144.
- ^ Halberstam 2007, pp. 355–56.
- ^ Halberstam 2007, p. 359.
- ^ a b León-Manríquez, José Luis (Fall 2016). "Power Vacuum or Hegemonic Continuity?: The United States, Latin America, and the "Chinese Factor" After the Cold War". World Affairs. 179 (3): 59–81.
- ^ "The Anti-Protest Gear Used in Venezuela | NYT Investigates". The New York Times. 23 December 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.